It is relatively difficult to dissolve metallic Ru and Ru alloys by using acids; therefore, proper dissolution methods should be investigated for each Ru alloy. In general, the dissolution procedure should be selected depending on the elemental composition of the alloys. In addition, it should be noted that Ru oxide is easily volatilized by heating due to the low boiling point, possibly causing a serious loss of Ru. The following dissolution methods are recommended to obtain completely dissolved solutions as well as to prevent from the volatilization of Ru. Alloys containing Ru of less than 36% could be dissolved in proper acid mixtures. Al-Ru-Cu alloy samples and Ni-Al-Ru alloy samples could be dissolved by heating in HNO
3 : HCl : H
2O = 1 : 3 : 4 and HNO
3 : HCl : H
2O = 1 : 1 : 2, respectively. Ce-Sn-Ru alloy samples were dissolved in a mixed acid of HNO
3 : HCl : H
2O = 1 : 3 : 4, tartaric acid, and H
2O
2 at room temperature. Ru alloy samples that cannot be dissolved in any mixed acid need to be fused with a mixture of NaOH and Na
2O
2. The melts of Ru-Mn-Si alloy samples were dissolved with water, followed by the addition of HCl (1 + 1). Then residual MnO
2 was dissolved by dropping H
2O
2, and white Zr oxide was filtered off. The melts of Mo-Ru-B alloy samples were dissolved in HNO
3 : HCl : H
2O = 1 : 3 : 4 and white Zr oxide was then dissolved by heating. The melts of Ce-Ru-Ge alloy samples were dissolved with water, and subsequently a mixed acid of H
2SO
4 (1 + 1), HNO
3 (1 + 1) and tartaric acid was added. Residual CeO
2 was dissolved by heating after the addition of H
2O
2. In this case, H
2SO
4 was used instead of HCl to prevent the volatilization of Ge.
View full abstract