BUNSEKI KAGAKU

Research Papers

A Comparison of Dried Shiitake Mushroom in Log Cultivation and Mycelial Cultivation from Different Geographical Origins Using Stable Carbon and Nitrogen Isotope Analysis

Yaeko SUZUKI, Rumiko NAKASHITA, Noemia Kazue ISHIKAWA, Akiko TABUCHI, ...

Article type: Research Papers
2015 Volume 64 Issue 12 Pages 859-866
Published: December 05, 2015
Released on J-STAGE: January 06, 2016

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2116/bunsekikagaku.64.859

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We determined carbon and nitrogen isotopic compositions (δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N) of dried shiitake mushroom (Lentinula edodes) samples from Japan, China, South Korea and Brazil in order to discriminate their geographical origins. In log cultivation, the δ¹³C values of Japanese dried shiitake samples were lower than those of Chinese samples, depending on the δ¹³C values of log and their growth conditions. In mycelial cultivation, the δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N values of Japanese dried shiitake samples were higher than those of Chinese samples. By using the δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N values, 87.4% of Japanese dried shiitake samples (n = 95) and 87.9% of Chinese dried shiitake samples (n = 66) in log cultivation, 90.0% of the Japanese dried shiitake samples (n = 50) and 93.9% of Chinese dried shiitake samples (n = 114) in mycelial cultivation, were correctly classified according to the production site. These results suggested that the δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N values will be potentially useful for tracing their geographical origin of dried shiitake samples.

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Discrimination of White Automotive Basecoat Paint Fragments Using Synchrotron Radiation X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry

Kentaro ISHII, Tomohiro TAKEKAWA, Yoshihito OHMAE, Yoshinori NISHIWAKI ...

Article type: Research Papers
2015 Volume 64 Issue 12 Pages 867-874
Published: December 05, 2015
Released on J-STAGE: January 06, 2016

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2116/bunsekikagaku.64.867

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This study has demonstrated that synchrotron radiation X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (SR-XRF) is a highly effective technique for the forensic discrimination of white automotive basecoat paint fragments. Eighteen samples of white automotive solid paints were collected, and fragments of the white basecoat layers were used as analytical samples. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) microspectroscopy and SR-XRF were conducted for material and trace elemental analyses, respectively. The samples could be divided into five groups based on any differences of the materials by FT-IR microspectroscopy. Elements like Ti, Cr, Fe, Cu, Zn, Pb, Br, Sr, Zr and Nb were nondestructively detected in small fragments. The samples could be divided into two groups based on the presence or absence of Nb. The other trace elements that were detected could be used as indicators to further discriminate the samples. Normalized X-ray intensities, which were the intensities of Ti normalized by those of Nb, were used to compare samples that were indistinguishable based on the observed composition of trace elements. The normalized X-ray intensities of Ti/Nb could be measured with a precision of less than 5.0%, and were found to be effective parameters for identifying white basecoat fragments. Through the combined use of FT-IR microspectroscopy and SR-XRF, 152 out of 153 pairs among 18 samples (₁₈C₂) could be properly discriminated.

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Technical Papers

Development of Fluorescent Materials for Advanced Measurement and Analysis — Single-phase YAlO₃ Powders and Films Formed by a Polymerized Complex Method —

Masaaki HARADA

Article type: Technical Papers
2015 Volume 64 Issue 12 Pages 875-880
Published: December 05, 2015
Released on J-STAGE: January 06, 2016

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2116/bunsekikagaku.64.875

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While materials development is promoted by the progress of measurement and analysis techniques, advanced materials can contribute to improving measurement and analysis. Here, fluorescent materials development is reported, mainly on X-ray scintillator YAlO₃ (YAP). Investigations included synthesis of the single-phase YAP by the polymerized complex method, film coating, and its application to neutron detection. The YAP:Ce has been put to practical use as a fast scintillator for NaI, which is an example that the advanced material should improve measurement and analysis.

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Development of a Discrimination System of the Color-change Point for a Detector Tube Using a Digital Still Camera and Color Analysis Software

Yasutada SUZUKI, Naohiro SATO, Takashi NAKAMARU, Naoya MIYAJIMA, Susum ...

Article type: Technical Papers
2015 Volume 64 Issue 12 Pages 881-887
Published: December 05, 2015
Released on J-STAGE: January 06, 2016

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2116/bunsekikagaku.64.881

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An accurate discrimination system of the color-change point for detector tubes has been developed. A gaseous or liquid sample is passed through a tube that packs granules coated with a colorimetric reagent, and the color-change point is discriminated by the developed system. The tube is photographed by a digital still camera, and the image is analyzed by color-analysis software installed on a PC. This software digitizes the color information of each point under the line specified by the user, and displays a graph. In order to reduce noise on the graph, the moving average, as well as fast-Fourier transformation and inverse fast-Fourier transformation smoothing functions are implemented. A differentiation function used to identify the color-change point and color-control function to emphasize the color change are also implemented. This system has been applied to detector tubes including ammonia, hydrogen chloride, chloride anion, toluene, water vapor, and 2-propanol, and their color-change points have been successfully discriminated.

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Analytical Reports

Analysis of d-Electron State of Platinum Salts on Silica During Thermal Decomposition by a Laboratory-type X-ray Absorption Spectrometer – Choice of Parameters for in situ Experiments –

Takashi YAMAMOTO, Kazunori MIYAMOTO, Masaya KONDO, Akira YUKUMOTO

Article type: Analytical Reports
2015 Volume 64 Issue 12 Pages 889-894
Published: December 05, 2015
Released on J-STAGE: January 06, 2016

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2116/bunsekikagaku.64.889

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The decomposition behavior of H₂PtCl₆ or Pt(NH₃)₄Cl₂ supported on amorphous silica was investigated by X-ray absorption near edge spectroscopy using a laboratory-type spectrometer. The choice of a monochromator crystal, the slit width and the acquisition time for in situ measurements of catalyst samples is discussed. The whiteline intensities at the Pt L3 edge XANES did not always reflect on the oxidation state of the platinum species, but on the d-orbital occupancy, as pointed out previously. The changing behavior of the Pt d-orbital occupancy of platinum species on silica upon a thermal treatment in air was evaluated by Pt L2,3 edge XANES with Mansour’s method. Metallic platinum formed on silica after calcination at 773 K under air, but cationic platinum species were suggested to have remained.

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