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Volume 65, Issue 11
Displaying 1-7 of 7 articles from this issue
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Annual Topic “Transcendence” : Accounts
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Masami SHIBUKAWA, Ryota MORINAGA, Shingo SAITOArticle type: Annual Topic “Transcendence” : Accounts
2016 Volume 65 Issue 11 Pages 615-623
Published: November 05, 2016
Released on J-STAGE: December 07, 2016
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThermal effect on the separation selectivity of cation-exchange and anion-exchange processes was studied on a strongly acidic cation-exchange resin and a strongly basic anion-exchange resin using superheated water chromatography. The selectivity coefficient for a pair of identically charged inorganic ions, such as alkali metal ions and halide ions, approaches unity as the temperature increases, provided that the ions have the same effective size, such that the retention of an analyte ion decreases with an increase in temperature when the analyte ion has stronger affinity for the ion-exchanger than that of the eluent counter-ion, whereas it increases when it has weaker affinity. XAFS measurements on aqueous solutions containing the inorganic ions in the temperature range from ambient temperature to 175 °C at 3 MPa indicate that the number of coordinated first shell water molecules decreases with an increase in temperature. At elevated temperatures, electrostatic charge screening no longer effectively occurs, which may lead to smaller ion-exchange separation selectivity for different ions having an identical charge. Consequently, the electrostatic interaction or association of the ions with the fixed ion in the resin phase becomes predominant factors, resulting in a different separation selectivity from that obtained at ambient temperature.View full abstractDownload PDF (945K)
Accounts
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Makoto NONOMURAArticle type: Accounts
2016 Volume 65 Issue 11 Pages 625-635
Published: November 05, 2016
Released on J-STAGE: December 07, 2016
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAir pollutants, such as sulfur oxides (SOx), nitrogen oxides (NOx) and hydrogen chloride (HCl), which are exhausted from factories and incineration plants, are strictly regulated in the air pollution control acts. Therefore, titrimetry, spectrophotometry or an ion-selective electrode method have been adopted in JIS K 0103, JIS K 0104 and JIS K 0107 for the determination of these pollutants. Since then, gradually the concentration of these air pollutants had become lower due to the regulation laws, the conversion of oil to low-sulfur ones, improvement of the combustion process and the treatment of exhaust gases. As the results, the conventional methods described in JIS have been insufficient for the determination of such low concentrations. Ion chromatography (IC) is a suitable analytical method for the determination of anions and cations. It has therefore been adopted in the JIS as the determination methods of SOx, NOx, HCl and NH3 in flue gas. Recently, a new IC method for the determinations of fluorine compounds (HF), bromine compounds (HBr), chlorine (Cl2), hydrogen cyanide (HCN) and formaldehyde (HCHO) in flue gas has been developed and adopted to the JIS method. This paper reviews the IC methods employed in 9 Japanese Industrial Standards (JISs) for the determination of air pollutants in flue gas. In addition, the determination of sulfur and ammonia in fuel gas (JIS K 2301) and sulfur in fuel oil (JIS K 2541-3) by IC is described.View full abstractDownload PDF (860K)
Research Papers
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Kenji HIROTA, Ryo KATO, Kazuaki SAWADA, Toshiaki HATTORIArticle type: Research Papers
2016 Volume 65 Issue 11 Pages 637-644
Published: November 05, 2016
Released on J-STAGE: December 07, 2016
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe Ca2+ -release device was a carbon paste electrode including a ternary complex consisting of poly(vinyl sulfate) ion (PVS−), 11-ferrocenylammonium ion trimethylundecyl (FeTMUA+), and Ca2+. The ternary complex was characterized by potentiometric titrations. The potentiometric colloidal titration of PVS− with FeTMUA+ using a surfactant electrode indicated that the potentials in the titration curve sharply increased at the equivalent point, and then the complexation was strong. The potentiometric titration of PVS− with Ca2+ using a Ca2+-selective electrode had no significant endpoint because of weak complexation. The binding behavior of Ca2+ with PVS− was independent of the co-existence of FeTMUA+. The carbon paste electrode (CPE) including the ternary complex was characterized by cyclic voltammetry. The peak of the oxidation wave of FeTMUA+ was observed at 800 mV (vs. saturated Ag/AgCl), which was larger than the oxidation potential of FeTMUA+ adsorbed on CPE from an aqueous solution. The release amount of Ca2+ was evaluated by atomic adsorption spectroscopy. After electrolysis, the release amount of Ca2+ increased with the content amount; the high content CPE released Ca2+ even without electrolysis, but the low content CPE did not release a significant amount without electrolysis. At last, a Ca2+ release electrochemical device was fabricated; a thin end (φ 0.5 mm) of a polypropylene tip was stopped with the CPE and a Pt wire inserted into the CPE. The slight amount of Ca2+ released from the limited area of the tip was monitored by a CCD Ca2+ image sensor. The released amount of Ca2+ increased with the electrolysis time only just under the tip, while the other area had no significate change of Ca2+. The small device can locally release Ca2+ to only a limited area. In addition, the analysis of the image sensor displayed that the Ca2+ release of the device was a two-stage discharge: in first stage Ca2+ released from the surface, and in second stage a large amount of Ca2+ was released independent of electrolysis. The CCD Ca2+ image sensor was very useful to characterize the Ca2+ release device.View full abstractDownload PDF (969K)
Technical Papers
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Chushiro YONEZAWAArticle type: Technical Papers
2016 Volume 65 Issue 11 Pages 645-655
Published: November 05, 2016
Released on J-STAGE: December 07, 2016
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe massic activity of 134Cs, 137Cs and 40K in the certified reference material (CRM) of Brown Rice prepared by the Japan Society for Analytical Chemistry has been determined by gamma-ray spectrometry using a Ge detector. The determination was carried out by a simple comparison method that compares the gamma-ray peak counts of the sample with that of the standard source of the analyzing radionuclide, and by an efficiency curve method that uses a peak-efficiency curve obtained by measuring a multi-nuclides mixed standard source. Commercial standard sources were used for 134Cs and 137Cs analysis; however, a self-prepared standard source composed of reagent-grade KCl was used for 40K analysis in the simple comparison method. A true coincidence summing (TCS) effect of cascade gamma-rays, which is significant in the efficiency curve method, was corrected by a gamma-ray spectrum analysis program using a peak-to-total (P/T) ratio curve prepared by measurements of non-cascade gamma-rays. Any difference of the self-absorption effect of measuring gamma-rays between the standard sources and the sample was examined by experiments using an external gamma-ray source, and by calculations using analysis programs. It was found to be smaller than 1 %. The stability of the gamma-ray peak efficiency curve was found to be better than 2.3 %, obtained by measuring the multi-nuclide mixed standard source during 2 years of the analysis period. The analysis results of the massic activity of 134Cs, 137Cs and 40K in the Brown Rice CRM by the simple comparison and efficiency curve methods agreed within 4 %, and with the certified values within their uncertainties. Because of an insufficient correction of the TCS effect, the analysis result of the 134Cs by the efficiency curve method was 4 % lower than that of the simple comparison method. Further development of the TCS correction for 134Cs is required for high peak-efficiency measurements.View full abstractDownload PDF (1380K)
Notes
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Masaaki TABATA, Mitsuru NAKANOArticle type: Notes
2016 Volume 65 Issue 11 Pages 657-666
Published: November 05, 2016
Released on J-STAGE: December 07, 2016
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA lot of porcelains were found at the Mietsu Naval Facility Site in Saga, Japan, which was approved as a World Heritage by UNESCO in July, 2015. We determined the X-ray fluorescence intensity ratios of Fe, Rb, Sr, Y and Zr involved in the body clay of the porcelains by synchrotron X-ray fluorescence analysis, and compared them with those excavated from the Saga castle site and with Amakusa or Izumiyama porcelain stones. The X-ray fluorescence intensity ratio of each element was the highest for Fe in all samples, but other chemical elements depended on the kind of porcelain and the porcelain stone. Sr was the lowest for porcelain stones, but increased greatly for porcelains. A plot of log {Intensity ratio (Rb/Sr)} vs. log {Intensity ratio (Zr/Sr)} gave a good straight line. The data for the porcelain stones gathered in the 1st quadrant and those of the porcelains of the Saga castle site shifted a little to the left lower side, but those of porcelains of the Mietsu Naval Facility site shifted to the more left and lower side. The change in the intensity ratio of elements was ascribed to the porcelain stones used and to the manufacturing process of the clay.View full abstractDownload PDF (1088K) -
Michiko TAKAHASHI, Masaki TSUSHIMA, Keiko KURASHIGE, Shin YOSHIOKAArticle type: Notes
2016 Volume 65 Issue 11 Pages 667-670
Published: November 05, 2016
Released on J-STAGE: December 07, 2016
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFructooligosaccharides (FOS) are complex sugars found in vegetables and fruits. FOS have high hygroscopicity that cause deliquescence with wetness in the atmosphere. However, the combination of FOS and Acacia Fiber, known as water-soluble dietary fiber, leads to a decreasing effect of hygroscopicity. In this study, we investigated physical properties directly related to that effect using thermal analysis. FOS, Acacia Fiber, their Combination Product and Blend, which included them in the ratio of 1 to 1, were used as samples. Two glass transition regions were observed from modulated DSC measurements, which provides information about the reversing characteristic of thermal events, in Combination Product and Blend, respectively. The lower glass transition temperatures in both samples were almost the same, and they were thought to be those of FOS. However, the higher glass transition temperatures in both samples were different. This result would make it possible to suppose that the amorphous structure in the Combination Product might be formed into a much more stable state than that in Blend, and furthermore that the glass transition of the combination of FOS and Acacia Fiber is relevant to its hygroscopicity.View full abstractDownload PDF (782K) -
Showa KASHIWAGI, Momoka MATSUSHITA, Kanako MIYACHI, Mamiko ASANO, Miho ...Article type: Notes
2016 Volume 65 Issue 11 Pages 671-676
Published: November 05, 2016
Released on J-STAGE: December 07, 2016
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA novel spectrophotometric method was established for the determination of spermine based on color complex formation among vanillylfluorone, cobalt(II) and spermine in the presence of stearyltrimethylammonium chloride. In the determination of spermine, Beer's low was obeyed in the range of 0.04 - 1.0 μg mL−1. The effective molar absorptivity at 615 nm and the relative standard deviation were 2.2 × 105 L mol−1 cm−1 and 2.5 % (n = 5), respectively.View full abstractDownload PDF (757K)
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