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Volume 65, Issue 12
Displaying 1-8 of 8 articles from this issue
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Accounts
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Tadanobu TAKAHASHI, Yuuki KUREBAYASHI, Tadamune OTSUBO, Kiyoshi IKEDA, ...Article type: Accounts
2016 Volume 65 Issue 12 Pages 689-701
Published: December 05, 2016
Released on J-STAGE: January 12, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSInfluenza A and B viruses and some paramyxoviruses possess an enzyme "sialidase" that cleavages terminal sialic acid from saccharides. These viral sialidases are highly expressed on infected cells. Our developed sialidase imaging probe, "BTP3-Neu5Ac", enables histochemical fluorescence staining of sialidase activity. BTP3-Neu5Ac was able to perform easy and speedy fluorescence imaging of these infected cells, with no needs of anti-virus antibody and cell fixation. In addition, combination use of anti-influenza drugs (sialidase inhibitors) and BTP3-Neu5Ac resulted in selective fluorescence imaging of drug-resistant virus-infected cells and high-efficiency isolation of drug-resistant virus. A new tool for fluorescence imaging of viral sialidase activity is described in this review.View full abstractDownload PDF (12004K) -
Masaru KATOArticle type: Accounts
2016 Volume 65 Issue 12 Pages 703-714
Published: December 05, 2016
Released on J-STAGE: January 12, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSRecently, nanoparticles, which are defined as particles of size 1–100 nm, have garnered considerable attention in many fields, since the properties of nanoparticles show many differences from, and advantages over, those of bulk materials. New functional nanoparticles are continually being developed for applications in such fields as diagnostics, therapeutics, catalysis, tissue engineering, and imaging. Encapsulating functional molecules within nanoparticles is an effective method to add functionality to nanoparticles. To analyze the size, shape and quantity of these nanoparticles, many excellent analytical techniques have been developed until now. We found that the bimodal pores (μm- and nm-sized pores) of silica monolithic columns were suitable for the separation of nanoparticles and small molecules. The size separation of nanoparticles was performed by the μm-sized pores using the hydrodynamic chromatography, and small molecules were separated by the interaction with the stationary phase. Because these compounds were separated by different mechanisms, the elution patterns of the nanoparticles and small molecules were tunable independently. We achieved the simultaneous analysis of the silica nanoparticles and small molecules about 40 min using a silica monolith column. Furthermore, a rapid and mild purification method for the nanoparticles was developed using a monolithic silica disk (MonoSpin). Because the purification condition is rapid (2 min) and mild (2290 × g), the risk of collapse or cohesion of the nanoparticles was low. The bimodal structure of the monolithic has great potential for the analysis and purification of nanoparticles, and will be invaluable in determining the safety and reliability of nanoparticles.View full abstractDownload PDF (1338K) -
Taro TOYOTA, Yuki KAZAYAMA, Toshihisa OSAKI, Shoji TAKEUCHIArticle type: Accounts
2016 Volume 65 Issue 12 Pages 715-727
Published: December 05, 2016
Released on J-STAGE: January 12, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSCells have highly sensitive and selective sensing devices composed of lipid-protein complexes, and also sometimes work as highly functionalized sensors against foreign invaders, such as bacteria. Toward the construction of such sophisticated micrometer-sized sensors, giant vesicles have drawn much attention as a deformable cellular chassis. Giant vesicles comprise closed lipid bilayer membrane, the diameter of which is larger than 1 μm. The membrane proteins can be installed to the giant vesicle membrane and biomolecular devices can be encapsulated inside of giant vesicles. Here, we introduce the typical dynamics of giant vesicles and discuss about the significance of an array device of giant vesicles toward artificial cell-based sensors. To realize such an array device, we constructed a microfluidic device for size-selection and trapping of giant vesicles. The feature and further perspective of the current microfluidic device are described in this review.View full abstractDownload PDF (1175K)
Research Papers
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Kenichiro TODOROKI, Keiko YANAGO, Hideyuki YOSHIDA, Hitoshi NOHTA, Mas ...Article type: Research Papers
2016 Volume 65 Issue 12 Pages 729-735
Published: December 05, 2016
Released on J-STAGE: January 12, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe have developed a sensitive analytical method for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) using exciplex fluorescence phenomenon expressed between PAHs and aniline derivatives. From screening study, 8 kinds of pyrenes, anthracene, acridine and perylene proved to form exciplex fluorescence. As acceptor molecule for exciplex fluorescence formation, many aniline derivatives such as N,N-dimethylaniline and N,N-di-n-propylaniline could be applicable. Since exciplex fluorescence strongly expressed in low polar organic solvents, we proposed a simultaneous determination method for pyrenes combined with normal-phase HPLC. We successfully applied this method to quantification of urinary 1-hydroxypyrene in smokers and non-smokers.View full abstractDownload PDF (679K) -
Hiroaki MEKATA, Shinya KITAGAWA, Yoshinori IIGUNI, Hajime OHTANIArticle type: Research Papers
2016 Volume 65 Issue 12 Pages 737-744
Published: December 05, 2016
Released on J-STAGE: January 12, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA novel separation method that combines liquid chromatography and electrophoresis in a field of heterogeneous flow velocity, named as field-flow orthogonal electrochromatography (FFOEC), is proposed. In the theory of FFOEC, the difference in the orthogonal electrochromatographic migration velocity of analytes in a planer stationary phase with pressurized flow of controlled-heterogeneous velocity can enhance the analytes separation in the flow direction as a similar manner of field-flow fractionation (FFF). Since the essence of FFOEC is a one-directional separation, the parallel detection system is not indispensable, akin to a conventional HPLC, even though a planer stationary phase is used. The polymer monolithic layer with a heterogeneous monolith density to control the flow velocity was prepared using a modulation of irradiation intensity in photo-initiated polymerization. In FFOEC using the heterogeneous density polymer monolith layer, the separation efficiency of the analytes was successfully enhanced with an increase in the applied voltage due to orthogonal electrophoresis.View full abstractDownload PDF (1102K)
Technical Papers
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Shuichi SHIMMA, Emi TAKEO, Eiichiro FUKUSAKIArticle type: Technical Papers
2016 Volume 65 Issue 12 Pages 745-750
Published: December 05, 2016
Released on J-STAGE: January 12, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn recent years, a number of methodologies for quantitative imaging mass spectrometry (q-IMS) have been published. However, a standard method has not yet been fully established. In this study, we propose a new mimetic animal tissue-based quantification. Our method differs from other reported methods in terms of mimetic tissues production. To improve the mimetic tissue homogeneity and production reproducibility, we used frozen tissue powder prepared by a multi-beads shocker. The tissue powder samples contained different concentrations of standard samples. In this paper, visualized protocols to make mimetic tissues and application results in dopamine imaging are provided.View full abstractDownload PDF (5512K)
Notes
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Shigehiro TAKAHASHI, Iwao SUZUKI, Tomohiro NISHIYAMA, Toshiyuki ARAI, ...Article type: Notes
2016 Volume 65 Issue 12 Pages 751-756
Published: December 05, 2016
Released on J-STAGE: January 12, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFerrocene/phenylboronic acid-bearing benzoic acids were prepared to study their electrochemical redox properties in the presence of D-fructose and D-glucose. 4-[N-(2-boronobenzyl)-N-(ferrocenylmethyl)aminomethyl] -benzoic acid (1) exhibited reversible redox response originating from the ferrocene moiety in aqueous solutions containing methanol at pH 7.0, 8.0 and 9.0. The oxidation current of 1 in differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) decreased in the presence of D-fructose and D-glucose, depending on the concentration, owing to the binding of the sugars to phenylboronic acid moiety in 1. The decreased oxidation current may be ascribable to changes in the intra-molecular interaction between the boron and nitrogen atoms in 1. The response of 1 to D-fructose was higher than that to D-glucose because of the higher affinity of D-fructose. The changes in the oxidation current in DPV were observed in the concentration ranges of 1 × 10−3 mol L−1—5 × 10−3 mol L−1 or 1 × 10−3 mol L−1—1 × 10−2 mol L−1 for D-fructose and 1 × 10−3 mol L−1—2 × 10−2 mol L−1 mM for D-glucose. In contrast, 4-[N-(3-boronobenzyl)-N-(ferrocenylmethyl)aminomethyl] benzoic acid (2) showed a negligible response to the sugars, probably due to a lack of intra-molecular interactions between boron atom and nitrogen atom in 2. It may be possible to immobilize 1 on the surface of electrodes because 1 contains the carboxylic acid moiety. Thus, a potential use of 1 in the construction of glucose sensors is suggested.View full abstractDownload PDF (831K)
Analytical Reports
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Hiromi ITAMIYA, Hitomi S. KIKKAWAArticle type: Analytical Reports
2016 Volume 65 Issue 12 Pages 757-763
Published: December 05, 2016
Released on J-STAGE: January 12, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSRecently, plant DNA has been utilized to discriminate or identify forensic botanical samples. In a forensic examination of a plant, various species and plant parts are considered as evidence. PCR amplification has sometimes failed because the samples contain some PCR inhibitors. In this study, to increase the success rate of PCR amplification of plant materials, four kinds of commercially available PCR kits, which showed resistance to PCR inhibitors, were evaluated by two experiments. One experiment was PCR amplification with the addition of chemicals to PCR solution; the other one was PCR amplification using non-purified DNA extracted from plants. The concentrations of chemicals, which inhibited PCR amplification, were different between four kits. Humic acid showed a high inhibitory power, and the concentration of it inhibiting PCR amplification was smaller than the other chemicals by one or two orders of magnitude. PCR amplification from non-purified DNA was succeeded by using a PCR kit, but there was no kit that enabled us to amplify all plant samples. Two kits could amplify more plant samples than the other kits and previous methods. The results indicate that these two PCR kits, which are designed for PCR of plant-derived DNA, are more suitable for forensic examinations of plants.View full abstractDownload PDF (649K)
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