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Volume 65, Issue 4
Displaying 1-6 of 6 articles from this issue
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Annual Topic “Transcendence” : Notes
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Mitsuki YOSHIKAWA, Ryo UCHIDA, Tatsumi KUROKI, Toshiyasu MIKUMA, Yuki ...Article type: Annual Topic “Transcendence” : Notes
2016 Volume 65 Issue 4 Pages 173-179
Published: April 05, 2016
Released on J-STAGE: May 10, 2016
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSRecently, the need for the analysis of psychotropic drugs has increased. With the revision of the medical treatment fees in FY2014, facilities that can be calculated in those case that could identify the drugs responsible for acute drug poisoning of a patient by instrumental analysis, including HPLC analysis, were expanded from only advanced emergency medical care centers (30 facilities nationwide) to emergency medical care centers (263 facilities nationwide). Since the responsible drugs can include barbiturate drugs used as antiepileptics and tricyclic drugs used as antidepressants, methods to analyze psychotropic drugs are needed. Moreover, in emergency medicine, it is necessary to quickly identify the cause of acute drug poisoning. Ultra-high-speed HPLC has become increasingly popular in analytical research fields. In this study, we investigated the analysis of psychotropic drugs using an ultra-high-speed HPLC system. The HPLC utilized in this study was a ChromasterUltra Rs system (Hitachi, Tokyo, Japan) equipped with a photodiode array detector. Using a LaChrom Ultra C18 column (particle size; 1.9 μm) as the analytical column, rapid and simultaneous analysis of 14 psychotropic drugs (five barbiturates, three benzodiazepines, five tri- and tetracyclic antidepressants, and trazodone) was achieved within 5 min.View full abstractDownload PDF (1087K)
Accounts
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Takashi KAKIUCHI, Masahiro YAMAMOTOArticle type: Accounts
2016 Volume 65 Issue 4 Pages 181-191
Published: April 05, 2016
Released on J-STAGE: May 10, 2016
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe use of a moderately hydrophobic ionic liquid for a salt bridge allows us to accurately measure pH of low ionic strength aqueous solutions, which was not possible by use of a salt bridge based on a concentrated aqueous potassium chloride solution (KClSB). When a sample solution does not contain hydrophobic ions, the ionic liquid salt bridge is promising also in pH measurements of high ionic-strength samples. That ionic liquid salt bridge enables us to measure the single-ion activities of not only hydrogen ions, but also other ionic species gives new perspectives in studying electrolyte solutions, not limited by the traditional framework set by the KClSB.View full abstractDownload PDF (826K)
Research Papers
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Kazuhiro CHIKAMATSU, Motohide AOKI, Tatsuya UCHIDA, Tomonari UMEMURA, ...Article type: Research Papers
2016 Volume 65 Issue 4 Pages 193-201
Published: April 05, 2016
Released on J-STAGE: May 10, 2016
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSToluene and dichloromethane, as well as their combination with polar modifier methanol, were examined as extraction solvents for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from urban particulate matter (PM) samples by using pressurized solvent extraction (PSE). Both solvents were chosen as frequently used "optimum" ones for extracting PAHs from various types of environmental matrices. Detailed analyses of purified extracts on GC-MS (SIM and SCAN) revealed that toluene, without any addition of methanol, gave the highest PAHs concentrations and least amount of unresolved complex mixture (UCM). The addition of methanol lowered the PAHs concentrations and elevated the UCM level, which was also the case for the dichloromethane-based system. Dichloromethane, even without methanol, gave a higher UCM level, and significantly lower the concentrations, especially in high-molecular-weight species (MW ≥ 228). Examining PAHs compositions revealed that some of source diagnostic isomer pair ratios (i.e., benz[a]anthracene/benz[a]anthracene + chrysene, benzo[a]pyrene/benzo[e]pyrene, and indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene/indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene + benzo[ghi]perylene) were lower in the dichloromethane-based system than the toluene-based one. Our results suggest that the difference in extraction solvents must be taken into account when using isomer pair ratios for PAHs source diagnosis.View full abstractDownload PDF (746K)
Notes
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Masayori SUWA, Fatma YESIL, Yukari NAKATSUKA, Akihide ARIMA, Satoshi T ...Article type: Notes
2016 Volume 65 Issue 4 Pages 203-209
Published: April 05, 2016
Released on J-STAGE: May 10, 2016
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAbstract We observed the magnetic orientation of 4-cyano-4'-pentyl biphenyl (5CB), which is a nematic liquid crystal (LC) at room temperature, in contact with the aqueous solution of surfactant. We found that the orientation of 5CB molecule at the interface can be controlled by an external magnetic field. The liquid-crystal thin layer was confined with a copper specimen grid for TEM and a glass coated with octadecyltrichlorosilane, which induced a homeotropic alignment of 5CB. The LC thin layer was immersed in a cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) solution. A magnetic field was applied to the 5CB layer with a pair of permanent magnets having a gap of 1 cm. The magnetic-field strength on the sample was controlled by adjusting the position of the magnets. The orientation behavior of the LC was observed via the change of the linear birefringence with a polarized microscope with a crossed-nicols condition. As the magnetic field gradually increased, an orientation change of LC suddenly took place, that is, the Frederiks transition was observed. The anchoring energy was estimated to be <10−6 Jm−2 based on the threshold field of the Frederiks transition. This value is much smaller than that at the interface of the solid substrate in LC device (<10−4 Jm−2). Furthermore, the orientation angle of 5CB could be estimated from the anchoring energy and the retardation of LC thin layer.View full abstractDownload PDF (904K)
Analytical Reports
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Shoji IMAI, Yuhei YAMAMOTO, Takeshi KAMIMURAArticle type: Analytical Reports
2016 Volume 65 Issue 4 Pages 211-219
Published: April 05, 2016
Released on J-STAGE: May 10, 2016
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to investigate the long-range transfer mechanism of inorganic small spherical particles in wet-depositions on mountains and remote areas along the Japan Sea in Honshu Island, Japan in 2014 and 2015, other than the summit of Mt. Kajigamori in Shikoku Island, Japan, the residue was obtained with a 0.45 μm pore-sized filter and a single-particle analysis was carried out for ones below 3 μm by using a Low-Vacuum Tabletop SEM-EDX. Particles were classified in six categories according to their compositions. In this work, it was found that a new category type of distribution patterns of the particles (Al-Si particle) was presented, and proposed that depended on the 24 h back-trajectory in Russia near the coast area of Japan Sea. Relationship between classification and back trajectory of air mass was investigated and discussed.View full abstractDownload PDF (2268K) -
Takuro WATANABE, Tsuneaki MAEDAArticle type: Analytical Reports
2016 Volume 65 Issue 4 Pages 221-228
Published: April 05, 2016
Released on J-STAGE: May 10, 2016
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn recent years, the reliability of analytical values is increasingly important. It is therefore essential to use SI-traceable standard materials for calibrations. Although various kinds of SI-traceable standard materials are demanded, extremely limited kind of standard materials are provided. This means that paying much higher cost is required to solve technical problems when preparing SI-traceable standard materials. A determination method using post-column reaction gas chromatography is an easier evaluation method for standard materials, which has already been reported. In this report, we demonstrate a determination of the concentration values of a 58-hydrocarbons mixed gas mixture. In this determination, a 4-components mixed SI-traceable standard gas mixture was prepared and used for the calibration of an analytical instrument. In this application, the concentration level of the primary standard gas and the sample gas were about 1 μmol mol−1. We used the three separation conditions, and the relative standard uncertainty of the variation in separation conditions was 2.10% at the maximum. The combined relative standard uncertainties of the determined concentration values was in the range of 2.11–2.97%. We showed that the accuracy of the obtained values was sufficient to be used as a SI-traceable working standard gas mixture. This means that this determination method is applicable to decrease evaluation cost of SI-traceable standard materials.View full abstractDownload PDF (806K)
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