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Volume 65, Issue 9
Displaying 1-7 of 7 articles from this issue
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Annual Topic “Transcendence” : Research Papers
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Kenta HAGIWARA, Shotaro KAI, Yuya KOIKE, Mamoru AIZAWA, Toshihiro NAKA ...Article type: Annual Topic “Transcendence” : Research Papers
2016 Volume 65 Issue 9 Pages 489-495
Published: September 05, 2016
Released on J-STAGE: October 08, 2016
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA rapid and simple method using handheld X-ray fluorescence analysis after disk solid-phase extraction was developed for the on-site determination of Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Cd, Hg and Pb in drinking water. A 50 mL aqueous sample was adjusted to pH 5 with acetate buffer, and then passed through an iminodiacetate chelating disk to preconcentrate heavy metals. The chelating disk was coated with adhesive cellophane tape, and then dried at 100 °C for 60 s. The disk was examined by handheld X-ray fluorescence spectrometer. The detection limits were 6.6 μg L−1 for Mn, 9.4 μg L−1 for Fe, 4.0 μg L−1 for Cu, 3.6 μg L−1 for Zn, 7.6 μg L−1 for Cd, 4.4 μg L−1 for Hg and 3.2 μg L−1 for Pb. Spike tests comprised of 40 μg L−1 and 100 μg L−1 of heavy metals in natural mineral water and well water samples demonstrated that quantitative recoveries were achieved (89.0–110 %). Since the proposed method did not require an electronic power supply and toxic reagents in an analytical step, it is suitable for on-site determination of heavy metals in water.View full abstractDownload PDF (1198K)
Accounts
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Hidetoshi ARAKAWA, Koji KARASAWA, Yoshihiro SANOArticle type: Accounts
2016 Volume 65 Issue 9 Pages 497-509
Published: September 05, 2016
Released on J-STAGE: October 08, 2016
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDNA analysis is an important technology with respect to the diagnosis of infectious disease and tailored medication. In this study, we developed a novel bioluminescent assay for pyrophosphate, which was applied to the detection of cariogenic bacteria in dental plaque, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) analysis and telomerase activity in cancer cells. We first developed a novel bioluminescent assay for the detection of pyrophosphate in a PCR product. The principle of this method is as follows: pyrophosphate released by PCR is converted to ATP by pyruvate phosphate dikinase (PPDK) in the presence of the substrate pyruvate phosphate and the coenzyme AMP; subsequently, the ATP concentration is determined by a firefly luciferase reaction. The detection limit of pyrophosphate is 1.56 × 10−15 mol/assay. This approach was applicable to allele-specific PCR products of Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus. In a following study, the bioluminescent assay for pyrophosphate was applied to SNPs analysis for the K-ras gene using a single-base extension reaction. The principle of this method is as follows: A specific primer within each aliquot possessing a short 3' end of the base of interest was hybridized to the single-stranded DNA template; subsequently, one of either α-S-dATP, dTTP, dGTP and dCTP, and (exo-) Klenow DNA polymerase were added and incubated for 1 min. Pyrophosphate released by DNA polymerase was converted to ATP by PPDK- the firefly luciferase reaction system described above. In third study, we developed a novel telomerase assay in cancer cells. In this assay, pyrophosphates generated by the telomerase reaction and PCR were detected by PPDK- the firefly luciferase reaction system described above. These methods, which do not require any expensive equipment, can be utilized to rapidly monitor cariogenic bacteria in dental plaque, one point mutation in p53 gene and the K-ras gene and tumor markers for clinical application.View full abstractDownload PDF (2327K)
Research Papers
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Keiko TAGAMI, Shigeo UCHIDAArticle type: Research Papers
2016 Volume 65 Issue 9 Pages 511-517
Published: September 05, 2016
Released on J-STAGE: October 08, 2016
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSRice (Oryza sativa) is the most important staple food in Japan, therefore, concentrations of essential and hazardous elements and their distributions in rice grains are of great concern. In this study, we measured concentrations of 19 elements in rice graings (i.e. Na, Mg, Al, K, Ca, Ti, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Rb, Sr, Mo, Cd, Cs and Ba) by changing the polishing rates. We then compared the element amounts remained in rice grain after polishing with those in brown rice (total amounts) to provide distribution information of these elements in rice grains. The results showed that in milled rice (polishing rate: ca. 92 %, after removal of bran), less than 50 % of the total amount in brown rice that remained contained Mg, Al, K, Ti, Mn, Fe, Rb, Sr, Cs and Ba. These elements were highly concentrated in bran compared to albumen. Alkaline and alkaline earth elements distributed similarly in rice grains; it was also found that stable Cs and 137Cs distributions were completely the same. Washing the milled grain is a general step to cook rice; thus we washed the milled rice (polishing rates: 92–96 %) and compared the concentration change. More than 50 % of the initial milled rice concentration that decreased involved Mg, Al, K and Ba, while increments were found for Na and Ca. This was possibly due to a high concentration in the tap water used for washing the rice grains.View full abstractDownload PDF (686K)
Notes
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Yoshiko NAGATA, Sonoe HIRAIDE, Yui HOSHINO, Maria SHIGETA, Hideko KANA ...Article type: Notes
2016 Volume 65 Issue 9 Pages 519-526
Published: September 05, 2016
Released on J-STAGE: October 08, 2016
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFunctionality Expression Institution that was newly enforced in April 2015 enabled the expression of functionality of not only the Food for Specified Health Uses, the Food with Nutrient Function Claims, but also a lot of foods including supplements. In order to obtain approval and authorization, it is necessary to release data that substantiate the efficacy, safety, and quality. Thus, the quantitative analysis of functional components in complex matrices must be carried out. For consumers, reliable data are useful for selecting favorite supplements that fit their needs. We have already reported a rapid quantitative analysis of multi-components in complex type supplements using ultra-high speed liquid chromatography. Although there are several activity evaluation methods for supplements in foods, few reports have shown the influences of co-existence of multi-components toward the functionality of the products. Therefore, we investigated and evaluated total antioxidant effect of complex-type supplements using various measurements of the antioxidative activity accompanied by close monitoring of the amounts of contained active components.View full abstractDownload PDF (1150K) -
Isamu FUJIWARA, Kenjiro TAKEUCHI, Yoshiko MURAKAMIArticle type: Notes
2016 Volume 65 Issue 9 Pages 527-531
Published: September 05, 2016
Released on J-STAGE: October 08, 2016
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA dysprosium(III)-imprinted polymer was prepared by an imprinting method using dysprosium(III) as the guest and styrene and methacrylate as the host, via a seed emulsion technique. The dysprosium(III)-imprinted polymer adsorbed dysprosium(III) ions more effectively than a non-imprinted polymer. The dysprosium(III) ion-selective liquid membrane electrode, comprising the dysprosium(III)-imprinted polymer (20 mg), polyvinyl chloride (75 mg), and plasticizer nitrophenyl octyl ether (80 mg), showed a Nernstian response of 19.3 mV dec−1 in the range of 10−7 ∼ 10−2 M. The selectivity coefficients of this electrode (log kpot) for potassium(I), copper(II), and samarium(III) ions were –3.71, –5.29, and –3.85, respectively. The electrode was also used for the determination of dysprosium(III) in river water.View full abstractDownload PDF (594K)
Analytical Reports
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Kae SATO, Yukiko IMAIZUMI, Kinichi MORITAArticle type: Analytical Reports
2016 Volume 65 Issue 9 Pages 533-537
Published: September 05, 2016
Released on J-STAGE: October 08, 2016
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIron (II) ion and protein were determined with a personal spectroscope. The reaction of iron (II) with 1,10-phenanthroline to form a colored complex was used for iron (II) analysis. The personal spectroscope showed a linear plot in an analysis of the serial dilution of a standard iron (II) solution. The applicable concentration range was comparable to that of a usual spectroscope. Iron concentration in a health drink was successfully determined by this method. A determination of the composition of iron-phenanthroline complex was performed. We obtained a 1 : 3 metal : ligand ratio in the complex, the same as the theoretical value. Next, the protein concentration was determined by Bradford and BCA protein assay methods. The personal spectroscope showed linear plots from serial dilution of a standard BSA solution. The advantage of this spectroscope is a reduction of the amount of sample required (30 μL). The palm-size spectroscope can be controlled with a tablet so that it does not require large space for installation, and can be easily used. Therefore, the personal spectroscope is expected to be suitable for various purposes.View full abstractDownload PDF (738K) -
Takafumi SATOH, Ryoji SEKIOKA, Yasuo SETO, Hiroyuki MATSUMIYA, Hideki ...Article type: Analytical Reports
2016 Volume 65 Issue 9 Pages 539-545
Published: September 05, 2016
Released on J-STAGE: October 08, 2016
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe Raman spectra (300–2000 cm−1) of five nerve gases, one nerve gas precursor, five blister agents, three lachrymators, one vomit agent and one choking agent and seven chemical warfare agents (CWAs) simulants as liquid or solid state were measured using portable Raman spectrometer (Delta Nu Co., RAPID ID, excitation wavelength: 785 nm). Generally, characteristic Raman spectra composed of sharp peaks were observed, but for nitrogen mustard 3 and adamsite provided broad Raman spectra. The library search presented correct agents names against only seven CWAs. Sarin (GB) or mustard gas (HD) was mixed with chloroform, and the Raman spectrum was measured. The agent names could be selected as candidate over 21st rank with more than 40 % and 50 % content, and the agent specific peaks were observed with more than 20 % and 40 % content, respectively. When gasoline was mixed with GB or HD, the agent names could be selected as candidate over 10th rank with more than 25 % content, and the agent specific peaks were observed with more than 10 % content.View full abstractDownload PDF (1085K)
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