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Volume 66, Issue 5
Displaying 1-7 of 7 articles from this issue
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Annual Topic “photo” : Accounts
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Ichiro TANABE, Takeyoshi GOTO, Yusuke MORISAWA, Yukihiro OZAKIArticle type: Annual Topic “photo” : Accounts
2017 Volume 66 Issue 5 Pages 319-331
Published: May 05, 2017
Released on J-STAGE: June 08, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSRecently, spectroscopy and photonics in the far-ultraviolet (FUV) region (120 - 200 nm region) have been a matter of great attention because of rapid development of sensitive instruments in this region and an increase in the possible applications. In the present work the state-of-the-art of progress in FUV spectroscopy of the liquids and solids, which are concerned with various valence electronic transitions including σ, n, and π electrons, were outlined. FUV spectroscopy is rich in information about the electronic structure and transitions of a molecule, but the absorptivity is very high for liquid and solid states in the FUV region. Thus, spectral measurements for condensed matter in this region were difficult. To overcome this difficulty we introduced an attenuated total reflection (ATR) technique to the FUV region. ATR-FUV spectroscopy has paved a new avenue for condensed-matter FUV spectroscopy. This article demonstrates that FUV holds considerable promise in various fields of research from basic science, such as studies of electronic structure of molecules and those of hydrogen bonding, hydration, and adsorption of water, to material researche, such as polymers, inorganic semiconductors, and ionic liquids.View full abstractDownload PDF (2053K) -
Daisuke YAMASHITA, Atsushi ISHIZAKIArticle type: Annual Topic “photo” : Accounts
2017 Volume 66 Issue 5 Pages 333-342
Published: May 05, 2017
Released on J-STAGE: June 08, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAn open counter is a unique detector that can detect and count a small number of low-energy photoelectrons, and can be operated in air under atmospheric pressure. Therefore, photoemission yield measurements can be performed in air by using photoemission yield spectroscopy in air (PYSA), which employs an open counter as a detector. A PYSA measurement is carried out as follows: UV-rays emitted from a deuterium lamp are monochromatized and focused on a sample surface. The number of emitted photoelectrons from the sample is counted by the open counter in air. Thus, in situ measurements of the electronic structure under ambient conditions can be performed by collecting the photoemission yield. We have demonstrated the applicability of PYSA for characterizing the electronic properties under ambient conditions. In this paper, two types of example of the use of PYSA are introduced. One involves measurements of changes in the work function of Pt, Pd and Au surfaces during the desorption of oxygen; the other involves characterization of the electronic properties of catechins in water.View full abstractDownload PDF (1267K)
Annual Topic “photo” : Research Papers
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Kazuhiro HAYASHIDA, Yohei MIKIArticle type: Annual Topic “photo” : Research Papers
2017 Volume 66 Issue 5 Pages 343-350
Published: May 05, 2017
Released on J-STAGE: June 08, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSoot particles are one of the primary pollutants produced by the incomplete combustion of hydrocarbon fuels. To understand the fundamental mechanism of soot nanostructure evolution in a flame, the relationship between the soot behavior, i.e., inception, growth and oxidation, and variation of the soot nanostructure, was investigated experimentally. Soot particles in a laminar ethylene co-flow diffusion flame were analyzed non-intrusively by using laser spectroscopic techniques. Laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) and laser-induced incandescence (LII) were used to measure the spatial distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), OH radical and soot. Time-resolved LII (Tire-LII) was applied to evaluate the soot primary particle size. Furthermore, soot was sampled along the flame axis and collected on a quartz–fiber filter. Internal nanostructure of the soot particle was characterized by laser Raman spectroscopy. The Raman spectra of the soot showed that the graphitic crystallite size contained in the soot particle was different at the sampling position. The graphitic crystallite size increases during the soot growth process. Then, the soot particle starts to shrink in the oxidation region, whereas the graphitic crystallite keeps increasing. Decreases of the graphitic crystallite size starts from the high OH concentration region.View full abstractDownload PDF (1044K)
Accounts
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Takahito OHSHIROArticle type: Accounts
2017 Volume 66 Issue 5 Pages 351-362
Published: May 05, 2017
Released on J-STAGE: June 08, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe have developed a tunnel-current based single-molecule identification method by using nano-gap electrode devices. This is a method for measuring electron tunneling via sample molecules during translocation through a gap-electrode. This results in determinating the chemical species of the sample molecules, such as nucleotides or amino-acid molecules, based on each of the observed conductance intensity. Our calculation suggests that the conductance intensity is closely related to each of the electronic states of the base molecules, especially the HOMO levels. We also applied this single-molecule identification method to base-typing of the sample nucleotide and peptides. These sequentially identify the mono-nucleotide and amino-acid molecules in those nucleotide and peptides, resulting in determinating their partial sequence. Based on a reconstruction of the read fragmented sequences, we successfully determined a sample sequence. This single-molecule electrical detection methodology would be one of the promising techniques for sequencing of sample nucleotide and peptide molecules.View full abstractDownload PDF (1602K)
Research Papers
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Hitoshi MIZUGUCHI, Ryota ISHIDA, Yasushi KOUNO, Tadahiko TACHIBANA, To ...Article type: Research Papers
2017 Volume 66 Issue 5 Pages 363-368
Published: May 05, 2017
Released on J-STAGE: June 08, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA composite-type membrane filter with nylon6 nanofiber has been fabricated and applied to solid-phase visual colorimetry for trace As(III). The As(III) complex with dibenzyldithiocarbamate was adsorbed on the nylon6 nanofiber during filtration of the complex solution through the composite-type filter; then, the filter was colored by a reaction with copper(II) ion. The coloration was observed at only upper surface of the nanofiber layer. This result shows that the adsorption of As(III) complex and the substitution reaction completed only on the surface of the nanofiber. The proposed composite-type membrane filter maintained superior permeability, and was capable to perform much more immediate filtration than conventional membrane filters. Furthermore, the coloration is free from the effect of flow rate during filtration. The proposed method is a highly practical method that has a high water permeability as well as high sensitivity.View full abstractDownload PDF (941K)
Notes
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Yoshiaki FUJII, Kazuhiko NISHIMURA, Satoshi HASHIMOTO, Takero KAGAArticle type: Notes
2017 Volume 66 Issue 5 Pages 369-374
Published: May 05, 2017
Released on J-STAGE: June 08, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA rapid method for simultaneous determinations of 16 antibiotics (4 different tetracyclines and 12 β-lactam antibiotics) in meat using a liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry was developed. Antibiotics were extracted from meat with an EDTA-McIlvaine solution after denaturing protein with acetonitrile. The extracts were diluted, and then these were purified by solid-phase extraction (SPE). Both improvement of operability and an increase in the recoveries from spiked samples were achieved by denaturing the protein. A rapid purification by SPE was possible because the evaporation step for removing the acetonitrile from extracts became unnecessary by the step of diluting each extract. The average recovery, repeatability and reproducibility for the 16 antibiotics in each product were as follows: 86 %, 6.0 % and 8.4 % (bovine muscle); 81 %, 5.6 % and 7.8 % (bovine kidney); 83 %, 6.3 % and 7.8 % (bovine liver), respectively.View full abstractDownload PDF (996K)
Analytical Reports
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Hisashi KATO, Xinnu BAO, Akiko SUZUKI, Toshihide IHARAArticle type: Analytical Reports
2017 Volume 66 Issue 5 Pages 375-380
Published: May 05, 2017
Released on J-STAGE: June 08, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAmino acids are essential nutriments and the most basic construct matter of a living organisms. Thus, the amino acid content is determined in various fields. However, reference materials are necessary for making calibration curves for quantitative analysis, such as chromatography methods. Therefore, a variety of amino acids standard solution that is traceable to the International System of Units (SI) have a wide field of demand. To make standards solution of the precise concentration, which requires reference materials with accurate purity and precise weighing methods. However, for precise weighing, an appropriate weighing environment is neccessary. It was known that to some amino acids have strong hygroscopicity, but it wasn't known in a quantitative form. Therefore, previously weighing environment is empirically-determined. We measured the hygroscopicity of amino acids for deciding on a quantitatively-assessed weighing environment to obtain a precise amount of amino acids, and to prepare a standard solution with precise concentrations. We estimated the hygroscopicity and sublimability of 41 amino acids using temperature and humidity-controlled thermobalance equipment. As a result, when it was below a relative humidity 30 % (at 25 °C), we can weigh a precise amount of 41 amino acids. We can prepare an amino acids standard solution with precise concentrations. We create a methodology for determining a quantitatively-assessed weighing environment to obtain the precise mass or concentration of the standard solution. This methodology is effective and it can be applied widely.View full abstractDownload PDF (780K)
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