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Article type: Index
2006 Volume 61 Issue 6 Pages
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Published: June 05, 2006
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Article type: Index
2006 Volume 61 Issue 6 Pages
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Eiji Ohtani
Article type: Article
2006 Volume 61 Issue 6 Pages
395-400
Published: June 05, 2006
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Geoneutrinos are produced geologically by the decay of the radiogenic elements, Uranium, Thorium, and Potassium. Since these elements are the heat source in the Earth, their distribution and abundance are the most important factors for the thermal evolution of the Earth. The abundance of Uranium and Thorium in the Earth has been estimated based on the chondritic abundance. These elements are believed to be distributed only in the Earth's crust and mantle. The energy budget based on this model indicates that the heat generated in the Earth is about a half of the total heat flow from its surface, and the Earth is now in the cooling stage. It has been estimated that the Earth's inner core, which may be related to start of geodynamo and generation of the Earth's magnetic field, was formed about 1-2 Ga ago assuming no radiogenic heat source in the core. This model on the distribution of the radiogenic elements in the Earth must be tested independently by the geoneutrino observation in future by improving the accuracy of the measurements.
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Satoru Yamada
Article type: Article
2006 Volume 61 Issue 6 Pages
401-407
Published: June 05, 2006
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Carbon therapy is characterized as an excellent dose localization on a target volume and as very strong power in destroying cancer cells due to high LET characteristics of carbon ions, Treatment-related side effects can be reduced at extremely low levels. This paper describes a brief history of radiation therapy, provides an outline of the theoretical background of radiation therapy, and shows the recent results of carbon therapy performed at National Institute of Radiological Sciences.
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Terutaka Goto, Yuichi Nemoto
Article type: Reviews
2006 Volume 61 Issue 6 Pages
408-415
Published: June 05, 2006
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Ultrasonic measurements of elastic constants and attenuation coefficients are employed to detect the charge fluctuation of valence fluctuation and off-center rattling systems, In the present review, we introduce the symmetry properties of the elastic strains associated with the ultrasonic waves. Then, we describe ultrasonic research on the valence fluctuation systems of Yb_4As_3 with charge ordering and of Sm_3X_4(X=Se, Te) with charge glass in emphasizing the group theoretical analysis for charge fluctuations in these systems. The recent progress of the rattling and tunneling of the off-center local oscillator in clathrate compounds R_3Pd_<20>Ge_6 (R=La, Ce) and PrOs_4Sb_<12> is also presented.
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Yoshiaki Sugimoto, Seizo Morita
Article type: Current Topics
2006 Volume 61 Issue 6 Pages
416-419
Published: June 05, 2006
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The technology of the atomic manipulation and the atom identification is necessary and indispensable for atom-by-atom fabrication of the nano-materials and the nano-devices that consist of a multi element with a novel function. Recently, quantitative measurements of the chemical bonding force using non-contact atomic force microscopy enable us to identify atom species. Furthermore, the atom manipulation and assembly using two atom species by a novel method called interchange lateral atom manipulation were performed at room temperature.
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Hiroaki Terashima, Masahito Ueda
Article type: Article
2006 Volume 61 Issue 6 Pages
420-423
Published: June 05, 2006
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The non-local correlation of spins is now widely recognized as an important resource for quantum information processing. We address the issue of how the quantum correlation is modified when seen from observers in motion or in gravity, based on relativistic quantum theory. We then show an apparent decrease in the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen correlation and discuss the proper way to utilize the perfect correlation.
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Sanshiro Enomoto, Tadao Mitsui
Article type: Current Topics
2006 Volume 61 Issue 6 Pages
424-428
Published: June 05, 2006
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The KamLAND detector, which aims to detect low energy anti-neutrinos with 1,000 tones of ultra-pure liquid scintillator, is the first detector sensitive enough to detect geologically produced anti-neutrinos (geoneutrinos). 749 days exposure of the detector shows that the confidence intervals for the number of geoneutrinos detected are consistent with predictions by Earth models, also sets an upper limit on the amount of radiogenic heat produced in the Earth.
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Hisao Hayakawa, Hiroto Kuninaka
Article type: Current Topics
2006 Volume 61 Issue 6 Pages
428-432
Published: June 05, 2006
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The coefficient of the restitution is not a material constant, but strongly depends on the impact speed. In particular, it attracts interest that the restitution coefficient can exceed unity in oblique impacts. In this paper we review some recent progress in impacts of macroscopic materials and introduce our numerical model to reproduce experimental results. We also explain the physical mechanism based on phenomenological argument.
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Tetsuro Saso
2006 Volume 61 Issue 6 Pages
433-435
Published: June 05, 2006
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese]
Article type: Article
2006 Volume 61 Issue 6 Pages
436-
Published: June 05, 2006
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
2006 Volume 61 Issue 6 Pages
436-437
Published: June 05, 2006
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Satoru Ikeuchi
Article type: Article
2006 Volume 61 Issue 6 Pages
438-440
Published: June 05, 2006
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Jun Matsui
Article type: Article
2006 Volume 61 Issue 6 Pages
440-441
Published: June 05, 2006
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Katsuhiko Suzuki
Article type: Article
2006 Volume 61 Issue 6 Pages
442-443
Published: June 05, 2006
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Hiroyuki Shiba
Article type: Article
2006 Volume 61 Issue 6 Pages
444-
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Yuichi Ogawa
2006 Volume 61 Issue 6 Pages
445-
Published: June 05, 2006
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[in Japanese]
2006 Volume 61 Issue 6 Pages
446-
Published: June 05, 2006
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[in Japanese]
2006 Volume 61 Issue 6 Pages
446-447
Published: June 05, 2006
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[in Japanese]
2006 Volume 61 Issue 6 Pages
447-
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[in Japanese]
2006 Volume 61 Issue 6 Pages
447-448
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2006 Volume 61 Issue 6 Pages
448-460
Published: 2006
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[in Japanese]
2006 Volume 61 Issue 6 Pages
460-
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Article type: Appendix
2006 Volume 61 Issue 6 Pages
461-
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Article type: Appendix
2006 Volume 61 Issue 6 Pages
462-468
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Article type: Appendix
2006 Volume 61 Issue 6 Pages
469-487
Published: June 05, 2006
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[in Japanese]
2006 Volume 61 Issue 6 Pages
488-
Published: June 05, 2006
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[in Japanese]
2006 Volume 61 Issue 6 Pages
488-
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Article type: Appendix
2006 Volume 61 Issue 6 Pages
489-490
Published: June 05, 2006
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