[in Japanese]

View full abstract

1. Cytological and patho-anatomical examinations of the Hirosaki sarcoma revealed that the diploid type of the tumor as well as the Yoshida sarcoma should belong to a type of lymphosarcomatosis and that the tetraploid type should belong to a transitional type to reticulosarcoma.
2. The mechanism of metastasis of the tumor may be considered as follows: at first lymphogenous metastasis occurs in lymph nodes, from which haematogenous metastasis occurs in other internal organs.

View full abstract

[in Japanese]

View full abstract

Data concerning the primary neoplastic lesions, excepting established carcinomas, found among 1489 surgical gastric series were presented. They consisted of 8 benign leiomyomas, one small-celled lymphosarcoma, 8 reticulum cell sarcomas, and 28 cases of epithelial polypi. One additional tumor was a huge solitary malignant melanoma without showing otherwise acceptable primary focus. The series contained 996 carcinomas and 343 ulcers. Histologic aspects of the non-carcinomatous tumors were discussed, and importance of gastric polypi as precancerous lesions of the stomach was emphasized.

View full abstract

The carcinogenicity of a commercial sample of acridine red (a kind of xanthene dye stuff), administered by subcutaneous injection is reported. Sarcomas ultimately developed at the site of injection in 7 of 9 rats that received a total of 260mg-470mg of the dye in aqueous solution over a period of 398 days. One of them, killed on the 503rd day, had metastases in the lung and left axillary lymph node. No notable change in internal organs was found in the rats.

View full abstract

1. 3-amino-1, 2, 4-triazole (AT) depressed remarkably the liver catalase after the injection into mice and rats as reported by Heim et al.
2. AT action on catalase activity was also recognized in in vitro experiments. AT, liver extract and catalase must be incubated together at 37°C for the demonstration of the inhibiting action.
3. Oxygen was also found necessary for the AT action.
4. Liver extract contained two components, namely, heat labile, non-dialyzable proteins (enzymes) and heat stable, dialyzable cofactor(s). Cofactor(s) can be replaced by adenine containing compounds and hypoxanthine.
5. AT caused no significant effect on cytochrome c oxidase and no great disturbance of porphyrin metabolism of liver, the latter fact probably indicating that the AT effect is not based on the disturbance of catalase synthesis.
6. The action of AT was found to be completely different from that of toxohormone.
7. Two possibilities on the mechanism of AT action were considered and discussed.

View full abstract

The porphyrin contents in liver, Harderian gland and urine of tumor bearing as well as toxohormone injected rats were examined. A distinct increase of liver protoporphyrin and of coproporphyrin excretion in urine were observed in tumor bearing rats, and the former was also confirmed in toxohormone injected ones.
A substance which showed an absorption peak at 493mμ was found in the liver protoporphyrin fraction of tumor bearing as well as toxohormone injected rats, and this substance was concentrated in the green porphyrin fraction. Green porphyrin itself did not exhibit a definite variation.

View full abstract

The striking fact that the subcutaneous injections of trypan blue into rats inhibit liver tumor formation by p-dimethylaminoazobenzene (DAB), was studied particularly in regard to certain changes in the metabolic pattern and to the chemical nature of this inhibitory mechanism. Investigations were also made to determine which of the impurities present in Merck's trypan blue are responsible for the toxicity noted.
Regarding the enzymes (succinic dehydrogenase, cytochrome oxidase, catalase) and riboflavin subjected to determination, the livers of rats that received 60mg of trypan blue and 600-700mg of DAB for over 225 days showed in general a metabolic pattern which was significantly different from that seen in liver cancer, resembling though not perfectly, that in normal liver. However, there were seen some increase in hepatic desoxyribonucleic acid content, and some decrease in the activities of xanthine oxidase and d-amino acid oxidase, indicating a pattern which is intermediate between normal and cancerous livers.
Based on Schneider's and Dounce's methods, the trypan blue within the rat liver was found to be bound to cellular components other than the nucleus, probably to the protein or proteins. But with the method described by Miller et al., trypan blue produces no considerable effect on the levels of the total protein bound DAB contained in the livers of rats within the period studied. Some attempts at analysis were carried out from the view points of electrophoretic analyses and other similar methods, and the results were discussed in relation to the enzymedeletion hypothesis of cancer formation, but the ultimate cause of liver cancer inhibition still remains a matter for speculation.
The Merck product of trypan blue used in our experiments was not pure, but apparently contains at least, two or three types of dye. Also the starting materials for the synthesis contained frequently in the various commercial products do not seem to have a connection with the toxicity of a 1per cent aqueous solution of trypan blue (Merck). There was no evidence as to which component of the commercial dye is responsible for the toxicity and inhibition of liver cancer induction.

View full abstract

1. Frontier electron method, one of the quantum-mechanical treatment of chemical reactivity, is applied to the problem of metabolism of carcinogenic polycyclic hydrocarbons and a nearly satisfactory explanation is given as to the well-known fact that the metabolic oxidation of these hydrocarbons takes place at the position different from the point at which oxidation occurs in a test tube.
2. The frontier electron densities at the principal carcinogenophore of the metabolities such as 8-hydroxy-3:4-benzpyrene, 4'-hydroxy-1:2-benzanthracene, 1-hydroxy-chrysene and 4', 8'-dihydroxy-1:2:5:6-dibenzanthracene are obtained. They are much smaller than the values of the original hydrocarbons. This coincides with the experimental result that the carcinogenic activity of polycyclic hydrocarbons is lost or otherwise considerably weakened by metabolic oxidation.

View full abstract

By applications of the Feulgen reaction for DNA, the toluidine blue method for RNA and methyl green-pyronine technique for nucleic acids, the cytochemical relationship of the nucleolus and the nucleolus-associated chromatin was investigated in the tumor cells of the MTK-sarcoma III. From the results obtained it was suggested that; (1) In the rapidly growing tumor cells, the nucleolus occurs in very close connection with the nucleolus-associated chromatin, both cytochemically and morphologically. (2) The true nucleolus that is negative to the Feulgen reaction is probably surrounded by two somewhat different elements, highly polymerized DNA and depolymerized DNA. (3) The highly and depolymerized DNA, RNA and protein closely associated with one another to constitute the so-called nucleolus which appears as a large prominent and basophilic body in the nucleus.

View full abstract

1) Relative activity of monoamine oxidase in normal rat-liver was manometrically examined by using 7 sorts of homologous aliphatic amines as substrates. Among them n-amylamine was found to be the most readily decomposed substrate.
2) Activity of monoamine oxidase (n-butylamine, n-amylamine and tyramine were used as substrates) in livers of rats fed with carcinogens (4-dimethylaminoazobenzene and 2-acetylaminofluorene) for a long period of time, has been measured. Pathological but non-cancerous liver maintained the activity usually as high as that of normal liver, although in the marked cirrhotic liver the activity decreased somewhat. Hepatoma nodulus showed the activity less than that of normal liver.
3) Activity of tyramine oxidase was also measured by liberated ammonia and quite similar results as those of manometric determination were obtained.
4) In livers of rats in their fourth week of experiment of both carcinogens feeding, the activity has been depressed compared to that of normal liver, probably due to the direct influence of the carcinogens on the enzyme.

View full abstract

1) Liver glutaminase of rats fed on carcinogens, 4-dimethylaminoazobenzene (DAB) or 2-acetylaminofluorene (AAF), were studied.
2) Pathological livers including hepatoma of DAB fed rats showed a higher activity compared with that of normal livers.
3) Slightly affected livers of AAF fed rats showed very high activity. The activity of hepatoma induced by AAF, however, was practically identical with that of normal liver.
4) Glutaminase activity in the livers of rats in their early experimental days showed a inconsistent results according to what carcinogen has been used. Liver of DAB rats showed increased and that of AAF rats decreased activity as compared with normal liver. In that respect the difference between the mode of biochemical actions of DAB and AAF have been discussed.

View full abstract

1) Rats were fed with carcinogens, 4-dimethylaminoazobenzene (DAB) or 2-acetylaminofluorene (AAF), and livers and blood sera were employed for the study of cholinesterase activity.
2) The liver cholinesterase activity was measured using acetylcholine and acetyl-β-methylcholine as substrates, and there was found that no significant difference between normal rat-liver and pathological but non-cancerous liver.
3) When the liver once turned into neoplastic, it showed extremely high acetylcholinesterase activity and fairly high cholinesterase activity when acetyl-β-methylcholine was substrate.
4) Livers of rats in their early experimental days of carcinogen feeding showed nearly the same oder of activity as that of normal liver.
5) Acetylcholinesterase activity in blood serum showed no noteworthy difference even in hepatoma-bearing rats, including rats having pathologically changed livers.
6) Serum of rats fed on AAF, at the end of the fourth week of experiment, showed high acetylcholinesterase activity but not in the case of DAB fed rats in the same condition.

View full abstract

Prolonged painting of the skin of mice with condensed cigarette smoke prodcued 16 papillomas (36%) and 12 squamous carcinomas (27%) among 44 Swiss mice that lived from 1 year to 696 days.

View full abstract