The activity of carcinostatic liver factor from tumor-bearing mice was found to be decreased roughly proportionally to growth of the tumor, while that from pregnant mice was not perceptibly decreased even near the term. It is suggested from these results that the decrease of the carcinostatic liver factor in tumor-bearing animal is not caused by the presence of rapidly growing tissue as such but may be specifically due to the growth of tumor. Several possibilities are discussed to account for this phenomenon.

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Tumor-inhibiting activity of a polysaccharide fraction prepared from bamboo grass has been tested against a number of well-established mouse tumors. The most significant results were obtained with 100-200mg/kg doses of the polysaccharide fraction on subcutaneous tumors without toxic symptoms. In sarcoma-180, inhibition ratio was 98% and in Ehrlich carcinoma it was 94%. The injections had no effect on takes or growth of the tumor for the first 9 days after implantation. Between 17th and 29th day after implantation there were many complete regressions when treatment was started 1 or 5 days after implantation. Ascites tumors and Friend virus disease were not affected.
The mechanism of action of this substance does not appear to be the same as that involved in tumor destruction by bacterial polysaccharides reported previously, because tumor resorption and necrosis occurred without hemorrhage and the ascites tumor was not affected.

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It has been reported that repeated subcutaneous injection of 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide to mice produced lung cancers with metastases. Histogenetic study of induced cancers showed that they arose from adenomas. Cancer foci were often localized either on the margin or in the area of adenomas.

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A large dose of Mitomycin-C was given after palliative gastrectomy in 40 cases of advanced gastric cancer. In 28 of them homologous bone marrow transplantation followed. The administration of Mitomycin-C was made in four levels; (a) 20mg during surgery, (b) 30mg during surgery, (c) 20mg during surgery and 10mg on the following day, and (d) 20mg both during surgery and on the following day. In each of the four groups no marked complications were observed and in most of the cases the postoperative course was uneventful. Eleven of the 40 cases underwent above treatment before six months. Ten of those eleven survived over six months and are now in good health.

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The tumor cell-damaging activity of live hemolytic streptococci grown in the following five culture media was investigated: (1) 0.8% RNA broth, (2) 0.8% RNase-core broth, (3) plain broth, (4) 0.8% glucose broth, and (5) 0.8% RNA-0.8% glucose broth.
In parallel with these anticancer experiments, comparative experiments were also made on the streptolysin-S producing ability of the cocci grown in these different media.
1) Indications were that hemolytic streptococci grown in 0.8% RNA (or RNase-core) broth are very effective (more so than those grown in plain broth) in causing loss of the invasion power of Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells in mice.
2) Additional experiments have shown that hemolytic streptococci grown in 0.8% glucose broth and in 0.8% RNA-0.8% glucose broth were entirely ineffective.
3) Data suggesting that there is a close relationship between the streptolysin-S producing ability and tumor cell-damaging capacity of hemolytic streptococci were also presented.

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A series of diluted streptococcal suspensions were prepared and incubated at 37° for 20 minutes after addition of penicillin solution. Anticancer activity was compared in the penicillin-pretreated and non-treated cocci suspensions. It was found that invitro pretreatment of hemolytic streptococci with penicillin caused a marked increase in the ability to deprive Ehrlich ascites tumor cells of their invading power in mice.
The penicillin-pretreated cocci were found to be as effective as the original cocci in streptolysin-S formation, tested in the resting cell system.

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Effect of transplantation of autologous and homologous tumor upon the growth of sarcoma induced by 20-methylcholanthrene (MC) was examined, using rats and mice. Simultaneously, the growth of these transplanted tumors was also followed in MC-induced sarcoma-bearing hosts. When MC-induced tumor attained a certain diameter, autologous or homologous tumor was transplanted subcutaneously or intraperitoneally into the hosts.
No significant difference was observed in the growth-rate of the original MC-induced tumor and in the survival after the transplantation between the transplanted and non-transplanted control groups, regardless of the route of transplantation.
The transplants of MC-induced sarcoma or MSN sarcoma grew more vigorously in the MC-induced sarcoma-bearing hosts than in normal recipients.

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The origin and morphology of two spontaneous mammary carcinomas in highleukemic and low-cancer strain AKR mice are presented. One of them has been maintained in serial cell-graft and is presently in its 10th transplant generation. Electron microscopy of the spontaneous mammary tumor revealed numerous A and B particles similar to those described in mammary tumors in other strains of mice. This is the first reported electron microscopic demonstration of virus particle so associated with spontaneous mammary carcinoma in AKR strain mice.

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Nuclear ribonucleic acids (RNA) of rat liver were fractionated into three different fractions; 0.1M phosphate, 1M sodium chloride, and residue fractions. RNA content and rate of orthophosphate [³²P] incorporation into these fractions in vivo were followed during the course of feeding 4-dimethylaminoazobenzene (DAB) for 3, 10, and 21 weeks. It was found that the incorporation of orthophosphate[³²P] into RNA of residue fraction was stimulated approx. 2.8 times at 10 weeks. This was accompanied by a decrease in the amount of RNA. Little or no effect of DAB-feeding was observed for the other two fractions of RNA. Guanylic acid content of residue RNA decreased considerably by feeding 3'-methyl-aminoazobenzene (3'-methyl-DAB) for 8 weeks, whereas again no other fraction of RNA was altered in this respect. The significance of these findings was discussed briefly.

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Effect of papain on mucopolysaccharides of chicken sarcoma and on the growth of the tumor has been investigated in vivo. Tumorbearing chickens were injected intravenously with 1% papain solution every 2 or 4 days.
The tumor mass decreased in size and finally disappeared in 5 of the 13 papain-treated chickens; other 3 chickens died early with a large amount of mucous fluid in the subcutaneous space at the abdomen and thigh, while remaining 5 and all control animals diet about 20th day.

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The latex of Ficus elastica variegata and Poinsettia, and luciferin from Cypridina hilgendorfii revealed an inhibitory action on the growth of mouse sarcoma 180 and adenocarcinoma 755. Some toxic effect of the latex and luciferin on mice was noted, but they were well tolerated at the indicated doses.

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