A case of chronic lymphocytic leukemia was reported which was characterized by cells with a presumptive A₁/G translocation, and an extremely high serum γ-globulin content. It was shown in the blood culture that, under the influence of phytohemagglutinin, mitosis of non-leukemic lymphocytes became predominant over that of leukemic lymphocytes with the A₁/G translocation, while A₁/G cells comprised one-half of the metaphase population grown without phytohemagglutinin. At least three kinds of lymphocytes were present; leukemic lymphocytes with or without the A₁/G translocation dividing in vitro without phytohemagglutinin, and normal lymphocytes proliferating only under phytohemagglutinin stimulation.
The amount of serum γ-globulin was extremely high in this patient. Analyses by immunoelectrophoresis and immunoplate revealed a striking increase of IgG. It is not clear in the present case whether or not the A₁/G cells are related to the elevated production of γ-globulin.

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⁵¹Cr-labeled cells of a transplantable lung carcinoma of rat and Yoshida ascites sarcoma cells were injected into the left ventricle of rat heart, to trace their distribution in the organs immediately after entering the blood stream.
1) The relationship between distribution pattern of ⁵¹Cr-labeled tumor cells immediately after intracardiac injection and patterns of organ metastasis some days after inoculation of non-labeled tumor cells was examined. Initial distribution rates of the tumor cells were higher in organs with a high incidence of metastasis than in organs with rare metastasis. The specificity of hematogenous organ metastasis of both transplantable lung carcinoma and Yoshida ascites sarcoma cells was reflected by the organ distribution of ⁵¹Cr-labeled cells.
2) Measurement of the cells by radioactivity indicated that stay of the cells in the organs was transient and that the ability of tumor cells to pass through organs differed according to the strain of tumor. Such a difference may also influence the organ selectivity of hematogenous metastasis.
3) As time elapsed, tumor cells in the circulation lost their viability, and cellular debris accumulated in the liver and spleen. It was thought that tumor cells which failed to lodge in some organs degenerated in a relatively short time.

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Thirteen cases of classical medulloblastoma and two cases of desmoplastic medulloblastoma were examined by electron microscopy. The classical medulloblastoma was composed of two types of tumor cells. The cells of the first type were characterized by the presence of a nucleus with a heavy chromatin net, as well as the presence of fine filaments (70-100Å across) and glycogen particles in their cytoplasmic processes. Cilia, microtubules, and intercellular attachment devices were occasionally observed in the cells of this type. The cells of the second type had a nucleus with an evenly distributed chromatin and one or two prominent nucleoli. Microtubules were seen in the cytoplasmic processes. The first-type cells appeared to retain the characteristics either of astrocyte or of ependymal cell, whereas the secondtype cells exhibited the characteristics of both oligodendroglia and neuron, the distinction between these two not being clear.
The cells of the desmoplastic medulloblastoma were similar in fine structural appearance to those of classical medulloblastoma but they showed a tendency to form clusters or rows which were separated from the connective tissue by a basement membrane, suggesting a neuro-ectodermal origin of this tumor. The term "circumscribed cerebellar sarcoma, " which has often been used for this tumor, should be dropped from the nomenclature.

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4-Nitroquinoline 1-oxide in diluted ethanol combined with alkylbenzenesulfonate was administered to rats by esophageal intubation. Of 15 rats in the experimental group, 2 cases of adenocarcinoma, 1 case of hemangiosarcoma, and 1 hemangioma of the glandular stomach were induced. In the forestomach of all the rats in this group, multiple papillomatous lesions and 5 cases of squamous cell carcinoma were produced. Two giant squamous cell papillomas, which were grossly large enough to occupy the gastric lumina by multiple, cauliflower-like nodular or papillary masses, were also found in the forestomach. There was also a hemangiosarcoma of the forestomach together with a squamous cell carcinoma. In group II, without alkylbenzenesulfonate, only benign papillomas of the forestomach were found in 9 rats and there was 1 case of liver sarcoma. In group III, without 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide, no neoplasms of the stomach or other organs were seen in the 10 rats. It is concluded that the surfactant, alkylbenzenesulfonate, would bring 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide into direct contact with the glandular epithelium.

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Glycogen phosphorylase activity of Yoshida sarcoma was decreased by nitrogen mustard N-oxide (Nitromin) in vivo, though the decreasing rate was not remarkable. This agreed with the increase of glycogen content in Yoshida sarcoma treated with several alkylating agents.
The liver of Yoshida sarcoma-bearing rat showed lower activity of glycogen phosphorylase than that of normal rat liver, but the activity recovered to the original level by treatment with Nitromin, while no effect was observed in normal rat liver by this treatment.

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Increased activity of glycogen synthetase was determined with Yoshida sarcoma treated with nitrogen mustard N-oxide (Nitromin), and this increase might result in the accumulation of intracellular glycogen. There was no effect of Nitromin on the synthetase activity of normal rat liver. Synthetase activity of the liver of Yoshida sarcoma-bearing rat was lower than that of normal rat liver, while the decreased activity recovered over the original level by treatment with Nitromin.

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The determination of DNA polymerase activities was made in various human urogenital tumors. In all the tissue examined, the enzyme showed higher activity in the presence of heat-denatured DNA than native DNA as the template. In some tumors which exhibited elevated activity of DNA polymerase, there was a large difference between the activity with native DNA and heat-denatured DNA. Few per cent of enzyme activity of whole homogenate remained in the nuclear fraction after the fraction was washed with isotonic sucrose solution. Among human urogenital tumors, relatively low activity of DNA polymerase was observed in benign prostatic hypertrophy and prostatic carcinoma, while relatively high activity was detected in testicular tumors, pelvic tumors of kidney, some cases of bladder tumor, and Grawitz tumor.

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Methods for detection of anti-EB virus antibody by fluorescent antibody techniques were standardized. The anti-EB virus antibody titers of normal subjects in Taiwan are significantly higher than that of the normal subjects in Japan. By ridit analysis, sera from infectious mononucleosis patients exhibit higher titer than those of leukemia, other cancers, and normal subjects. However, they were lower than those of the nasopharyngeal carcinoma and Burkitt lymphoma.
Anti-EB virus titer higher than 1:640 was found in the sera of 85.7% of Burkitt lymphoma patients (7 cases), 77.1% of Chinese nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients (48 cases) in Taiwan, and 63.6% of Japanese nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients (11 cases), as compared with around 15% in other malignancies and 5-15% in normal subjects.
This result indicates the presence of similar antibody, which possesses identical or at least similar reactivity against the EB-virus, in the sera of both nasopharyngeal carcinoma and Burkitt lymphoma patients.

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Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells were transplanted intravenously from tail vein of ddY mice. Tumor cell suspension prepared from metastatic tumor foci in the lung was inoculated intraperitoneally into normal mice. LP-12 subline of Ehrlich carcinoma was established after the same procedure as above was repeated 12 times.

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A rhesus monkey fed 2-nitronaphthalene had numerous papillomas of the urinary bladder; papillae of transitional epithelium projected into the lamina propria and submucosa. These epithelial cords showed metaplastic changes, but histopathology consistent with malignancy was not seen. Chromatography data suggested that 2-nitronaphthalene was reduced by the rhesus monkey.

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Hepatomas were induced in left and/or middle lobes of the liver of Buffalo rats fed N, N'-2, 7-fluorenylenebisacetamide continuously combined with X-irradiation to the stomach region, while in the same conditions either treatment alone did not induce any neoplastic changes in the liver.

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Leukemia induction by thymus grafts from preleukemic AKR mice is strongly influenced by the genetic constitution of recipients; AKR and (C3Hf×AKR)F₁ hybrids, in both of which H-2 loci are kk and are highly susceptible whereas (C57BL×AKR)F₁ hybrids with H-2^kb are quite refractory to the treatment.

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Some strain of rat ascites hepatoma caused peritoneal bleeding in the host rat during early stage of tumor growth. Similar bleeding was induced in normal rats by injection of a powder of the same hepatoma. Effect of several drugs on bleeding and biochemical property of the powder were examined.

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