It is obvious that thyroid hormone plays a very important role for the growth and metabolism of living body. From this fact, therefore, it may be reasonable to assume that dysfunction of maternal thyroid gland may cause the abnormality of fetal environment through placenta, and influence the differentiation, growth and function of organs in the fetus. The present study dealt with the investigation of physical growth, the measurements of the brain weight and various diameters of the brain and histological and cytological study of the cerebral cortex in the new-born young albino rats whose mothers, mature Wistar albino rats, were radiothyroidectomized with I^<113>, the fathers being healthy albino rats of the same strain. In addition to these, thyroid function in the young animals, and pregnancy rate and secretion of milk in the thyroidectmized female animals were also investgated.

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Epidemiologic evidence indicates that the frequency of gross malformations among progeny of diabetic pregnancies to be three to four times expectancy. Whereas the teratogenic effect of diabetes has not completely been clarified yet, it is suggested to result from extensive disturbance of metabolic homeostasis, rather than the hyperglycemia itself in the mother. In case diabetic teratogenesis originates in an abnormality of the intrauterine environment, its prevention may logically be possible. In fact, there is experimental evidence that an occurrence of congenital defects is preventable in the alloxan-diabetic pregnancy of mice by controlling with insulin. The purpose of the work was the prevention of congenital malformations in offspring of alloxan-diabetic mice with the hypodermic application of an oral hypoglycemic agent (tolbutamide). Copulated female mice were given 50 mg of alloxan intravenously per kilogram of body weight on the eleventh day of gestation, followed by 400 mg of tolbutamide per kilogram of body weight every twelve hours beginning forty-eight hours after alloxan injection, and continuing until the sixteenth day of gestation. One of the control groups was given only an alloxan injection and another, only tolbutamide injections. Pregnant mice were sacrificed on the nineteenth day of gestation ; fetuses were removed by the cesarean section and examined for external and oral defects, as well as skeletal deformities. In forty successful pregnancies of the alloxan group, 18 or 5.4 percent of 337 fetuses had malformations, of which 13 were cleft palates. In the alloxan-tolbutamide group, on the other hand, 3 fetuses (0.9 per cent) out of 345 were malformed, only one having a cleft palate and 3 of 352 fetuses (0.9 percent) in the tolbutamide group were defective, two having cleft palates. Differences between the alloxan group and alloxan-tolbutamide group and between the alloxan and tolbutamide groups in the number of anomalous mothers with malformed fetuses as well as in the number of anomalous fetuses produced were all statistically significant. In the alloxan group, the mean of blood sugar level was higher in mother mice with malformed fetuses than in those with normal fetuses. Both the body weight of the young and the increased body weight of the mother associated with advancing pregnancy were less in the alloxan group as compared with the alloxan-tolbutamide as well as tolbutamide groups, respectively.

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Prospective follow-up study was performed on 2,116 prenatal patients whose first visit to our obstetric O.P.D. was at 5th to 8th week of gestation. Every abnormal experience during pregnancy (emesis, genital bleeding, fever, cold, contact with domestic animals, stress, anemia, glycosuria, toxemia of pregnancy, albuminuria), age of patient and weight increase during pregnancy were recorded together with hemoglobin value, blood pressure, albuminuria and glycosuria checked in each prenatal visits. Followings are the result in this study on the associations between maternal abnormal experiences in early pregnancy and congenital malformations. Associations between above experiences during pregnancy and prematures were also studied. As our preliminary comparison of the weight distribution graph of the infants born in 38th week of gestation revealed the entirely similar distributions to those of the babies born in the 39th, 40th, 41st and 42nd week of gestation, the prematures born in 38th week of gestation were also included in the parentheses. The congenital malformations were divided into two groups as follows : Group A : polydactylia or syndactylia (7 cases), cleft palate or lip ( 4 ), defect of one eye ( 1 ), anophthalmus( 1 ), meningocele( 1 ), hydrocephalus due to Arnold-Chiari's syndrome ( 1 ), microcephalus ( 1 ), diaphragmatic hernia ( 2 ), meconium ileus ( 1 ), pyloric stenosis ( 1 ), megacolon ( 1 ) Group B accessory auricle ( 4 ), unequal ear ( 1 ), accessory mamilla ( 1 ), defect of uvula ( 3 ) Frequency of group A & B malformation was 36 in 2,116 cases (1/59), and that of group A only was 27 in 2,116 cases (1/78). The association with maternal abnormal experiences were shown in the tables. The frequency of A & B malformation was shown, and also in parentheses the frequency of A malformation only was shown. From these tables, apparently A malformation seems in creased in the group with genital bleeding, and A & B malformations are more frequent in the group being under

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