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Volume 1953, Issue 2
Displaying 1-15 of 15 articles from this issue
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Hideichi TORII1953 Volume 1953 Issue 2 Pages 1-10
Published: October 25, 1953
Released on J-STAGE: July 31, 2009
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Observation on Formosan Tea Plants, Grown in Formosa (Taiwan)Hajime SANAI1953 Volume 1953 Issue 2 Pages 11-22
Published: October 25, 1953
Released on J-STAGE: July 31, 2009
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Niro TOMO, Yasumoto FUCHINOUE, Hiroko YAMANE1953 Volume 1953 Issue 2 Pages 23-27
Published: October 25, 1953
Released on J-STAGE: July 31, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1. The style had suitable pH 5.0-5.2(opt. pH 5.2) for germination of pollen grains of the tea flower.
2. The pollen grains had the, strongest germinating power soon after flowering, and their viability tended to decrease in the lapse of time after the second germination stage.
3. The pollen grains on the day before flowering showed viability of 0-62.9%, while those on the 2nd-3rd day before flowering did not germinate at all.
4. There was nothing to think about the percentage of pollen sterility of the diploids, as it was, almost constant at any time and at any flower having outer long or inner short stamens.
5. We tested the affinity of varieties by culturing the pollen on the artificial medium of cross-style, and found that variety Yabukita showed low mutual affinity while varieties Saitama No.1 and Indian hybrid No.2 showed high affinity. This fact consisted with the rate of earlier fruit drop which was controlled by fertilization. So this observation might be available for the test of mutual affinity among varieties at the crossing experiment.
6. When pollen culture was carried out on the artificial medium of self-style, the viability of pollen was checked remarkably than in the preceding case. It was presumed that this fact was resulted from the other part of the style except stigma. The germinating power was the strongest on the 2nd-3rd day Lefore flowering. From the physiological point of view, the clone-pollination was different from the socalled self-pollination.View full abstractDownload PDF (351K) -
A Consideration on its Practical Use as a Preventing agent against the Frost InjuryToyotoshi INABA1953 Volume 1953 Issue 2 Pages 28-31
Published: October 25, 1953
Released on J-STAGE: July 31, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSMH solutions of 0.05 to 0-25% containing wetting agent were sprayed at the rate of 1800 liters per ha to the tea plant, about 30 days before flushing.
The concentration of the leaf juice was raised with increasing the concentration of MH solutions. The tea flushing time was delayed proportionally to the concentration of MH solutions, with the following regressive relation of
Y=3.5+110x
The more, the concentration of MH solution the less the injury of the tea plant, owing to the delaying of the flush time. So the interval of the plucking date of each plot came close.
In the plots treated with MH, though the frost injury was reduced, the yield decreased owing to MH agency. Therefore, the differences of yield between each plot were not significant, cancelling these two effects with each ohter. MH is effective to reduce the frost injury of the tea plant but its practical value is doubtful.View full abstractDownload PDF (243K) -
Hisashi MATSUI1953 Volume 1953 Issue 2 Pages 32-33
Published: October 25, 1953
Released on J-STAGE: July 31, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1. The author observed the retractive index of the leaf sap of the tea plant in winter, having, some grades of cold resistance.
2. In many occasions, ft was proved that the stronger the cold resistance, the higher the refracfive index.View full abstractDownload PDF (144K) -
On the Factors Influencing upon the Occurrence of the Tea AnthracnoseToshimi NAGATA1953 Volume 1953 Issue 2 Pages 33-35
Published: October 25, 1953
Released on J-STAGE: July 31, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAs the results of the experiments, a heavy rain, potassium deficiency and hand-plucking Iet the tea Anthracnose spread over the tea gardens furiously.
It was probable that the above-mentioned factors made the cuticle of the leaves thinner and the fungus invasion easier.View full abstractDownload PDF (183K) -
Jinhaku MINAMIKAWA1953 Volume 1953 Issue 2 Pages 36-41
Published: October 25, 1953
Released on J-STAGE: July 31, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1. The moths emerged from pupae at any time in a day, but the maximum emergence was observed during 13-15 o'clock.
2. Two active flying times of the moth were seen before or since 23-24 o'clock, and the eggs were laid most plentiful during 20-23 o'clock.
3. The average days of egg, larval and pupal stages were 6.2, 22 and 5 days respectively at 25°C and 75% of atmospheric humidity.
4. This species had not yet been caught in Hokkaido, but the trial ascertained that the larvae could winter at Sapporo.
5. The damage by the small tea tortrix was observed, on some varieties of the tea plant and some styles of the bush.
6. The serious outbreak of the larvae on the tea garden at Shirowa-mura, Shizuoka-prefecture after raced by the Dinah typhoon might be due to the sweep away of the egg parasite (Tricho-gramma dendrolimi MATSUASURA) by the typhoon as it was just at that time when the egg parasite moved most actively.
7. Every tea manufactured with the leaves, which had been attacked. by the small tea tortrix, tea leaf roller (Caloptilia theivola WALSING-HAM), red spider (Tetronychus japonicus HOTTA) and tea leaf hopper (Chlorita onukii MATSUDA) had no good qualities.View full abstractDownload PDF (2591K) -
Jinhaku MINAMIKAWA1953 Volume 1953 Issue 2 Pages 41-45
Published: October 25, 1953
Released on J-STAGE: July 31, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSLygus spinolae (MEYER-DÜR) is a principal pest of the tea plant in Japan, it attacks many kinds of plant, i. e. tea, cotton, egg plant, potato, grape, . apple and chrysanthemum etc. It attacks the buds, and the injured buds produce small reddish spots, which make the buds deformed. with the growth.
The life history is still unknown, however, perhaps 3 or 4 generations are repeated in a year, and it seems to pass winter in the eggs or the adults. The younger nymphs appear from the beginning of April and adults emerge in June.
The damage is most severe in April to May, and June to July.
The adults are caught by electric lamp in the tea garden, from April to October. In autumn, the adults remove from the tea plant to the weed flowers, and are found abundantly upon the following plants, i.e. Erigeron linifolius, Kochia scoparia and Erechtiles hieracifolict etc.View full abstractDownload PDF (4149K) -
The Influence of the Polishing ProcessYoshio KUWABARA, Yukitaka SUZUKI1953 Volume 1953 Issue 2 Pages 46-48
Published: October 25, 1953
Released on J-STAGE: July 31, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe authors investigated the moisture absorbing properties of tea with the object how to. stock the tea completely. This paper reports the influence of polishing process upon the hygroscopic property of tea, comparing the moisture absorption of polished tea with the unpolished one in a thermostat (30°C, 100% relative humidity).
By the result of this experiment, the moisture absorption of the polished tea was always less than the unpolished, in all types of tea examined.
The moisture absorption velocity was faster at the beginning but it slowed down gradually as the moisture content of the tea increased.View full abstractDownload PDF (159K) -
Efficiency of Combustion and Heat Transfer CoefficientIsamu KUREBAYASHI, Atsushi KUBOTA, Fujio NAKANO1953 Volume 1953 Issue 2 Pages 49-57
Published: October 25, 1953
Released on J-STAGE: July 31, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn this report, excess air coefficient, efficiency of combustion, combustion temperature, and overall ccefficient of heat transfer of the hot air furnace for tea manufacturing under various operating conditions were calculated.
From these results, the authors discussed the combustion and heat transfer mechanism of the furnace, and determined the optimum burning condition. Moreover, the authors.found that the furnace had not been operated at this optimum condition in the tea manufacturing process, and some points to be improved of the furnace existed in the heat transfer of the heating chamber.
When a new furnace would be designed, the overall heat transfer ccefficient must be raised and also be operated under the optimum burning condition in the practical use.View full abstractDownload PDF (735K) -
Yutaka SAKAMOTO1953 Volume 1953 Issue 2 Pages 58-65
Published: October 25, 1953
Released on J-STAGE: July 31, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSI have studied on the chemical changes of the components of tea leaves, especially catechins, flavonoid pigments and amino acids, in the manufacture of black tea by two dimensional paper partition chromatography. On the chromatograms of catechins in the fresh leaves (1st crop, 1953) of Assam Kyang form (Ak), Assam hybrid(AN1), and sinensis(Cn), there was not so much qualitical differences. Sinensis(Cn) had the most flavonoid contents and Assam Kyang form had the least, but no flavonoid coloured green-blue by spraying with Fe (NH4)2(SO4)2 was found only on the chromatogram of sinensis Cn.
In each process of black tea manufacture, oxidation of catechins was progressed almost the same way among the three varieties, but flavonoids underwent little or no chemical change during the whole manufacturing process.
The chromatogram of withering tea leaves showed an increase of spot No.4(gallic acid), appearance of spot No.5(gallcatechin a gallate) and separation of No.3 into 2 spots. As the result of tea fermentation, spot No.2 (L-epigal-locatechin), No.3 (DL-gallocatechin) and No.6 (L-epigallocatechin gallate) belonged to the grouping which underwent more oxidation than another grouping, i. e. No.8(L-epicatechin gallate), No.9 (L-catechin) and No.10 (L-epicatechin). Spot No.4 showed a successive increase and No.1 (m-digallic acid) increased a little throughout manufacture.
On the other hand, 11 amino acids and amides and 2 unidentified spots was confirmed on the chromatogram of the fresh tea leaves, that is, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, serine, glycine, asparagine, threonine, a-alanine, arginine, valine, theanine, and leucine were identified by specimen test and their positions on the chromatogram. One of the 2 unknown spots is believed to be glutathione, and the other is seemed to be one spot of these, glutamine, histidine or lysine. Throughout the manufacture of black tea, including fresh leaves and manufactured tea, any marked chemical change in all amino acids was not found.View full abstractDownload PDF (558K) -
Sôgo KAWAI, Kôzô ISHIGAKI, Nobuo OKAMOTO1953 Volume 1953 Issue 2 Pages 66-68
Published: October 25, 1953
Released on J-STAGE: July 31, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe percolation loss of some nitrogenous fertilizers from the tea garden soil was investigated by the lysimeter method.
Greater part of the loss of nitrogen was happened as nitrate form. Among these fertilizers, the rate of loss was the most remarkable in the case of ammonium nitrate, less in urea, ammonium sulphate and the least in calcium cyanamide.
The percolation loss was occurred intensely in summer season, while in winter it diminished.View full abstractDownload PDF (214K) -
The Actual Survey of the Frostbite, and its Microclimatic ObservationsHideya AONO, Tsuneji TAKAHASHI1953 Volume 1953 Issue 2 Pages 69-85
Published: October 25, 1953
Released on J-STAGE: July 31, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1. The frostbite of the tea plant in the spring 1953 was very severe. We carried out an actual survey and some microclimatic observations.
2. It was colder in this spring compared with the past ten years, the tea garden was often suffered from frost, especially on 15th, 18th and 25th April, the damage was very severe. It was characterized by the severity and frequency in this spring.
3. By observing the air temperture distribution of the place liable to frostbite on a frosty night, we recognized that the air current streamed down from higher place and settled on the place where was not the lowest level in the field but the lowest plants grew.
4. By investigating the vertical distribution of air temperature at the frost pocket, we recognized that the cold air mass stagnated in the bottom.
5. The tea bush under the citrus tree did not suffered from frost than in the open field, and the dew scarcely fell.
6. The shading effect of the early variety of tea plant was noticed from m ?? croclimatic standpoint. The air around the tea bush was kept warm by the covering at night, the growth of the tea shoot was increased, and the qualities of tea were improved by the shading during day-time for a few days before plucking. (July 3, 1953)View full abstractDownload PDF (18010K) -
Sôgo KAWAI, Tsuneji TAKAHASHI, Kôzô ISHIGAKI, Noboru ...1953 Volume 1953 Issue 2 Pages 86-94
Published: October 25, 1953
Released on J-STAGE: July 31, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe surveyed the tea garden soil of Saigômura, Ogasa-gun, Shizuoka-prefecture and investigated on the mechanical and chemical characteristics of these soils.
According to the results, we suggested the desirable management for the tea gardens of this district.View full abstractDownload PDF (610K) -
1953 Volume 1953 Issue 2 Pages 95-97
Published: October 25, 1953
Released on J-STAGE: July 31, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (212K)
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