A new tea variety for Kamairitya was registred in 1965, and it was named "Yamanami, " This variety was develeped by the Tea Breeding Laboratory, Kawaminami Branch, Miyazaki-Pref. Agr. Exp. Sta., financially supported by M. A. F. "Yamanami" is a progeny of Chinese variety introduced from Hupeh Province, China, and was selected from the natural crossing seeds.
This variety shows vigrous growing, high yield from young age, strong cold-resistane, and superior qualities of tea. It is a middle season variety, whose plucking time is 3 to 4 days later than that of "Takatiho."
This variety is available in the Kyushu distict, and is recommended to cultivate in Kagosima, Kumamoto, Miyazaki prefectures.

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The chloroform test, determiantion of tannin content and the Raikai tea manufacturing process (tea leaves were ground and, kneaded in Raikai-machine) were carried out in this studies, using 43 Assam varieties and 41 Chinese ones.
The results led to the finding of the following positive correlations among almost all values obtained in the above experiments.
Correlations between the fementing properties evaluated by the chloroform test and the content of tea tannin were not so high (r=0.370).
Both the characters mentioned above, however, showed very high correlations (r=0.708 and 0.692, respectively) with the fermentation abilities in the Raikai tea manufacturing using unwithered leaves.
Relatively high correlations (r=0.445 and 0.613, respectively) were also observed between above two characters and the qualities of black tea manufactured by the Raikai method using withered leaves, but each correlation coefficient to the aroma was found to be low (r=0.377 and 0.386, respectively).
Multiple correlation coefficient of fermenting properties evaluated by the chloroform test and the tannin content on the qualities of made tea was 0.684, which was higher than each simple correlation coefficient.
And then, it seemed that there was no significant difference between Assam varieties and Chinese ones.
From the above results, it was concluded that the chloroform test should be used as a simple method of judging the qualities of black tea for individual selection works in tea plant breeding, especially it became more useful to us by the aid of tannin content.

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In this investigations, the Raikai tea manufacturing (tea leaves were ground and kneaded in Raikai-machine) with withered leaves and unwithered ones was made, using Assam varieties, Chinese varieties and Assam hybrids, and some positive correlations were obtained between the fermentation abilities in the tea manufacturing and the qualities of black tea.
The correlation coefficients of the fermentation abilities in the Raikai tea manufacturing using both the withered leaves and the unwithered ones to the qualities of black tea were found to be high (r=0.687 and 0.666, respectively), particularly each correlation coefficient to the colour of infused tea was very high (r=0.801 and 0.771, respectively).
Correlations between the fermentation abilities in the Raikai tea manufacturing and the aroma of black tea seemed to be higher in the case of using withered leaves than unwithered ones.
Concerning both the fermentation abilities and the qualities of black tea, very high correlations (r=0.911 and 0.794, respectively) were also observed between withered leaves and unwithered ones,
And then, it was found that at least 10-20 grams of green leaves were needed to judge the qualities of black tea from the fermentation abilities.
No significant difference was observed among Assam varieties, Chinese varieties and Assam hybrids.
From the above results, it was concluded that the fermentation abilities in the, Raikai tea manufacturing using 10-20 grams of unwithered leaves was very useful to us as a simple method of judging the qualities of black tea for the first and second individual selection works in tea plant breeding.

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The authors constructed an apparatus for measuring the rate of gas-exchange in tea plant with an infrared gas analyser.
The examination of some fundamental problems on measurement of gas-exchange in tea plant was carried out with the apparatus.
The results are obtained as follows.
1) At different seasons, the diurnal changes in the CO2 concentration of air in outdoor and in a greenhouse were measured, and it recognized that the fluctuation of the CO₂ concentration in outdoor was smaller than that observed by other researchers. In winter daytime, it was observed that the CO₂ concentration in a closed greenhouse decreased remarkably.
2) The keeping ability of the sample air in a vinyl bag was examined. It was observed that the variation of the CO₂ concentration of sample air in the bag was so small that it hardly disturbed the measurement of gas-exchange.
3) At the measurement of assimilation rate in tea shoots, it required more or less time until the assimilation rate reached a constant value after insertion in chamber in accordance with the character of sample leaves.
4) Studying the relationship between the rate of air supply and the assimilation rate, a linear regression was found between the mean CO₂ concentration in the assimilation chamber and the relative assimilation rate.
5) It was observed that the assimilation rate in the leaves which was measured soon after plucking was high in the morning, and decreased at midday and continued a low level throughout the afternoon. But there was no diurnal fluctuation of the assimilation rate in the leaves which were stored in a darkroom before measuring
6) At a high light intensity, it was observed that the assimilation rate in the leaves illuminated on the reverse side was lower than that illuminated on the obverse side, and the light saturation point was seemed to be about 30 klux in both illuminating directions.
7) The rate of gas-exchange in dirty leaves with soil dust decreased remarkably, and the assimilaton rate varied according to the amount of adhered soil dust.
8) Measuring the rate of respiration in non-assimilative organs, it was recognized that the amount of respiration in rootlet took a considerable part of that in young tea plant. And it was observed that the green part of stem had assimilating capacity, but it was less feeble than that of leaves.

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The development and growth of tea plants after applied with some growth regulators (table 1) are reported in detail in this paper.
The chemicals were sprayed before and after the flushing time in the first plucking season. The delayed flush and the retarding effect of growth on the tea buds were observed by spraying CMPP and RD 7693, etc. In these treatments, abnormally slender leaves were observed at the lower parts of new shoots, but subsequently growing organs had no effect. These chemicals were more effective sprayed at the beginning of April than at the beginning of March, and when sprayed in January or in last autumn they showed no definite effect.
The aqueous solution of 0.02% NAA was sprayed periodically during 20 days in the third plucking season on the axillary buds which were remained after prunning. The spraying at 5 days after pruning was more effective for delay of tea flush than other at days.
The effect of CCC (chlorocholine chloride) on the growth of tea buds was tested.
The stem elongation of tea young shoots was inhibited and the leaf grew yellow in color by applying 2 % solution of CCC.
The development and growth of tea buds were inhibited by spraying MH (maleic hydrazide) solution. The terminal buds were more sensitive than the axillary ones.

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1. Inoculation experiments of white root rot fungus were carried out using mainly 2-3 years old tea seedlings in pot, to find out the relation between many kinds of inoculum and the outbreak of disease. From the results of these inoculations, the ecology of the fungus was also discussed.
2. Inoculum was applied by two methods : one is "contact" method and the other "mixing" method. By the former method, inoculum was attached to the collar part of the seedlings and by the latter, inoculum was mixed thoroughly with soil in which the seedlings were planted.
The inoculation potency of culture media was in the following order of bran medium = rice straw medium > boiled tea stem medium ?? diseased tea root. The disease was caused very slightly with the fungus cultured on PDA.
In the mixing method, bran and rice straw media also caused serious disease and PDA was very feeble as the medium for inoculation.
3. The larger amount of rice straw culture of the fungus was inoculated, the more serious disease was observed in the experiments with 2 and 6 years old tea plant.
4. There was no difference in the inoculation potency of rice straw cultures of the fungus within the culture period of 10-150 days.
5. Pathogenicity was widely differed among the fungal strains. Serious disease was caused by the strain in the order of KANAYA > ICHINOSE = IWAEDO > YOSHISAWA > HORINOUCHI.
6. IWAEDO strain was affected in its pathogenicity by the period of PDA culture. One year's culture showed less severity for inoculation than freshly re-isolated culture, and 2 or 3 years' culture caused only slight disease.
But KANAYA strain showed no depression in the pathogenicity after 3 years' PDA culture.
7. Inoculum (rice straw culture and diseased tea root) was burried in soil with distances of 0, 1, 2, 3 and 5 cm. apart from the collar part of seedlings.
The rice straw culture caused the disease when applied 2 cm. or nearer from the collar part, but the diseased tea root did not unless applied in contact with the seedlings.
8. The outbreak of disease inoculated with the diseased tea root was apt to be uneven. The state of decay of the tea root attacked by the white root rot fungus did not affect the inoculation potency until the decayed root showed spongy-like looking.
9. From the results of these inoculation experiments, the author concluded that the contact inoculation method with 3-5 pieces. of rice straw culture in a bundle gave successful result on the tea seedlings of 2-3 years old.
10. Raw organic materials seemed to play a determinate role in the activity and survival of the fungus in the soil.

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1) The spore storage organs of Xyleborus germanus and Xyleborus compactus were found in two dorsal porches formed with the integ-umental membrane between pro and mesonotum by observing the Gram-Weigert stained sections of these insects.
2) Morphological difference betwen storage and cultural fungus spores was described.

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Some observations of Oriental leopard moth, Zeuzera leuconotum BUTLER and its control tests were carried out. The results are summarized as follows :
1) The insect occurred once a year and overwintered as young larval stage and the adult emerged from early in September to early in October.
2) Just after the end of adult emergence, three repeated sprayings of EPN (0.056%, 200 l./a.) at intervals of 7-10 days were effective for controlling the insect.
3) Shallow pruning at 1-2 cm. above the third plucking level of hush surface in the above mentioned period, espalier training in late in October to early in November, and collar pruning just after the first cropping destroyed the insect about 6000, 40^5000, about 8090 respectively.
4) Varietal differences were observed in the insect damage of tea plant.

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The fluctuation of temperature in the pile of tea leaves on a concrete floor was surveyed for 24 hours' storage.
The temperature in the pile raised during 8 to 10 hours after heeling up tea leaves, then dropped gradually.
The leaf temperature at the upper part in the pile was higher than at the bottom.
The temperature in the pile of injured leaves was higher than in that of uninjured ones.

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The Q₁₀ of the respiration rate of plucked tea leaves was in the range of 1.7 to 2.9 between 5°C. and 35°C. And the respiratory rate at 5°C. was about one fourth at 25°C.
The decrease of oxygen concentration and the increase of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere depressed the respiration of tea leaves. In the atmosphere less than 10% of O₂, the respiration rate of tea leaves decreased about half as much as in the ordinary air, and the respiratory quotient (R. Q.) increased remarkably. In the atmosphere over 5% of carbon dioxide, the respiration rate of tea leaves decreased to about 60 to 70% of that in the air, while R. Q. did not changed.
The respiration of injured tea leaves was larger than of uninjured ones.

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The respiration rate of plucked tea leaves was determined manometrically with Warburg apparatus at 25°C.
The respiration rate of stored tea leaves declined to about 60 to 70% of that of fresh leaves after 8, 4 and 2 days storage at 5, 15 and 25°C, respectively. And the respiratory quotient of stored leaves decreased from 0.97 of fresh leaves to 0.90 and about 0.84 after 8 days' storage at 5°C. and 2 days' storage at 15 and 25°C.
The carbohydrate in stored leaves was decomposed to about 50 to 60% of the initial level Of fresh leaves during 2, 4 and 8 days' storage at 25, 15 and 5°C, respectively.
During 3 days' storage, it was noticed that soluble-nitrogen increased by the hydrolysis of protein in stored leaves. Especially, the increase of amide-N and a-amino-acid-N in stored leaves at 15°C. and that of ammonia-N at 25°C. were remarkable.
The decomposition of chlorophyll in stored leaves at 5°C. was slight.

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The activities of peroxidase, catalase, polyphenol oxidase, invertase and proteinase. in plucked tea leaves increased in the lapse of storage, and these activities reached the maximum values after 2 to 4 days' storage except peroxidase, thenceforth declined.
The activities of polyphenol oxidase increased to 4 times as much as the initial level after 2 days' storage at 15 and 25°C, but at 5°C. its increasing was a little during 8 days' storage.
The increasing of activities of invertase and proteinase in stored leaves at 5°C. was larger than at 25°C.

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Ascorbic acid in plucked tea leaves was decomposed via dehydroascorbic acid and dike-toglonic acid during storage.
The decomposition of ascorbic acid was more vigorous in injured leaves or in stored leaves at room temperature than in uninjured ones or in stored ones at 5°C.
The, concentration of ascorbic acid in tea leaves decreased to about 40 to 22% after one day's storage at 15 and 25°C, respectively. But in stored leaves at 5°C, about 40% of initial concentration was remained after 8 days' storage.
The decomposition of ascorbic acid in stored leaves was depressed dy infiltration of sugar through the stem' of tea leaves, therefore, it was thought that the decomposition of ascorbic acid was parallel to the decreasing of sugar concentration in stored leaves.
In defrosted tea leaves, the decomposition of ascorbic acid and the activation of polyphenol oxidase were observed.
In an atmosphere of high CO₂ concentration, the decomposition of ascorbic acid in stored leaves was suppressed. But if this stored leaves was transferred into air, the oxidative decomposition of it was accelerated.

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The variations of the quantities of volatile compounds in stored tea leaves were estimated. Volatile acids and esters in tea leaves decreased in the lapse of storage at 25°C, but increased at 5°C. Volatile alcohols and carbonyl com-pounds in tea leaves increased during storage both at 5 and 25°C. Especially, the increases of alcohols and carbonyl compounds in stored leaves were remarkable in a high CO₂ concentration atmosphere.
The qualities of green or black tea made from stored leaves indicated the deterioration of flavor and taste only after 2 days' storage at 25°C and 4 days' storage at 15°C. But the storage of tea leaves at a low temperature (5°C) kept a good flavor and taste of green or black tea made from stored leaves after a long storing periode of 6 days' storage. And the declining in qualities of made tea after 8 days' storage was slight.

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The effect of N⁶-benzylamino-purine on the storage of tea leaves was investigated. Pre-and post-plucking application of N⁶-benzylamino-purine reduced the respiration rate of preserved leaves and extended the storage period of tea leaves at 5 and 15°C. And through suppression of respiratory activity, the oxidative degradation of ascorbic acid in stored tea leaves was depressed.

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For clarifying the characteristics of the tea soil derived from humic volcanic ash soil widely distributed over the southern Kyushu, some chemical and physical properties of the different aged tea soils were compared with those of the cultivated and uncultivated soils.
1. It was observed that the vegetation and the mulching practice in tea gardens gave considerably profound influences on the moisture condition and the moisture permeability of the soil.
2. The eluviation of the clay mineral and its accumulation in the lower horizon were not observed in every tea soil. On the contrary, the clay content in the surface. layer of the old tea soil was larger than in that of the young tea soil. It was supposed that the tea vegetation and mulching gave favorable effects on the acceleration of soil weathering as well as on the protection of soil erosion of the surface soil.
3. The accumulation of the organic residues in the surface layer of the tea soil was observed and the cation exchangeable capacity of the soil increased with increasing clay content in it.
4. When newly planted with tea, the soil was rapidly acidified, especially in the root zone.
5. The exchangeable Ca and Mg content of the soil rapidly decreased by the tea vegetation in the humic volcanic ash soil, especially the latter content remarkably decreased, but the exchangeable K content of the tea soil was more than that of the cultivated soil.
These phenomena were supposed to be caused by the customary tea manuring way in which the tea soil was usually supplied with much K and less Ca and Mg.
6. Total P content in the surface layer of the tea soil was more than in that of the cultivated soil, and its content increased in the lapse of years. The ratio of inorganic P/total P of the tea soil was larger than that of organic P/total P. The inorganic P, derived from fertilizer and fixed in soil, was accumulated a large quantity in the surface layer of the old tea soil, consequently the phosphorus absorption coefficient and the disolubility of aluminum decreased.
There was no remarkable difference in the content of fractionated P among three kinds of soil. In every soil, Al-hound and insoluble P were contained abundantly, while Ca-and Fe-bound P were negligible except in the surface layer of mature tea field. The largest quantity of organic P was contained in the first layer of tea soil while in the cultivated soil, it was contained in the second layer.
7. The tea soil contained much more water soluble Al than other soils, but the content of Al soluble in acetic acid or sodium acetate buffer solution did not differ among three soils. It was presumably because of the difference of the climatic conditions and soil properties under which the present work was carried out.

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A study was made on the spatial variation of soil properties in the ridge space profile of tea garden, using the samples taken from the "Shirasu" tea soil, the "Kuroboku" (volcanic ash) tea soil and the "Kurohoku" ordinary soil.
1. It was observed that in the "Shirasu" tea soil, a hard eluviation of clay particles within the profile occurred, but did not in the "Kuroboku" tea soil.
2. The acidification and the eluviation of exchangeable bases occurred more strongly in the center area of the ridge space than in its both side areas closer to tea bushes as seen in the "Shirasu" tea soil. Although finally, such phenomena spread over all space and the degeneration of the soil properties was observed in the humic volcanic ash tea soil.
A very small proportion of Mg to K in the exchangeable base composition of soil characterized the tea soil as compared with the ordinary cultivated soil, suggesting the need for improving the customary manuring way.
3. In both kinds of tea soil, the surface layer.was rich in the organic matter, especially in the center areas, and the spatial distribution of cation exchangeable capacity corresponded to that of the clay and the organic matter contents.
4. The upper layer of the "Shirasu" tea soil had an unexpectedly high value of phos-phorous absorption coefficient, and this fact was refered to neither the acidity nor the "active" Al content of the location.
5. In both kinds of tea soil, total phosphorus was contained much more in the surface layer, which had a large amount of inorganic phosphorus derived from the fixed fertilizer phosphorus in the center areas than in the under layer, and the relative content of organic phosphorus increased with the depth, while in the ordinary cultivated soil its content was distributed uniformly within the plowed layer. It was indicated that the "Shirasu" soil had much more Fe-combined form in the inorganic phosphorus, less phosphorous adsorbing power and more mobility of soil phosphorus than did the "Kuroboku" soil.
6. It was seemed that in the "Shirasu"tea soil, the downward migration of the "active" Al and its accumulation on the under layer occurred, but did not in the "Kuroboku" tea soil, and there was no remarkable difference in the content and the distribution of the "active" Al between two kinds of "Kuroboku" soil.

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The enzymic oxidations of various flavanols were studied, alone or in combination of them. The results confirmed that the oxidation of mixtures containing the catechol flavanols and (-)-epigallocatechin developed remarkable red colors. In addition to the current informations some other courses producing the theaflavin-like-substance were found : i. e. Y was produced from aa mixture of (-)-epicatechin gallate and (-)-epigallocatechin or that of (-) -epicatechin gallate and (-)-epigallocatechin gallate, and X was produced from the former mixture. A red pigment like theaflavin was derived from a mixture of (+)-catechin and (-)-epigal-locatechin. Further it was suggested that there exist at least three kinds of substance that was so-called theaflavin gallate (or gallate of pigment P).

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A large part of the polyphenol oxidase was solubilized from tea leaf homogenate by addition of Tween-80. After filtration of the solubilized polyphenol oxidase fraction through a Sephadex G-25 column and the fractionation of the filtrate with ammonium sulfate, the specific activity of the solubilized enzyme increased about 4 to 5 times as much as that of tea leaf homogenate. Optimum pH of the solubilized enzyme was 5.5, and was almost the same as that of water insoluble enzyme in the acetone powder. The minimum concentration required for the maximum activity were about 5×10^-3M, 4.3×10^-3M, and 3×10^-3M for (+)-catechin (-)-epigallocatechin and (-)-epigallocatechin gallate, respectively. (+)-catechin showed the highest activity among them. The enzyme activity was inhibited by potassium cyanide and sodium diethyldithiocarbamate.

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The distribution of polyphenolic compounds in the various parts of the tea plant was examined by paperchromatography.
Catechins, (-)-epicatechin, (-)-epicatechin gallate, (-)-epigallocatechin, (-)-epigallocatechin gallate, (+)-catechin, and (+)-gallocatechin were present in leaves and other green parts of the plant.: Flavonols, several kinds'of glycosides of kempferol, quercetin, and myricetin were also contained to a varying degree in the above parts. Leucoanthocyanins yielding cyanidin on heating with hydrochloric acid existed in wood-tissue as a major component of polyphenolic substances. Epicatechin was present in seed, trunk and root in addition to the green parts, and provisionally determined to be (-)-isomer by co-chromatography, therefore, this compound was seemed to be the generally occurring catechin in every part of the tea plant.

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The division error of sample, the accuracy of analytical method, and the personal error of analyst were examined with the Kjeldahl method for determining nitrogen in tea.
The division error was compared with the accuracy of analysis, the former was larger 1.5, 1.1, 0.3 times than the latter when the sample was divided with the original size, divided after pulverized and not thoroughly mixed, divided after pulverized and well mixed, respectively.
The accuracy of analysis was computed as C. V. 0.6%, but the personal error of analyst was surprisingly large, and it might contain any systematic error.
The error accompanied with a single determination by an analyst was C. V. 2.02% and that with a mean value of double determinations by an analyst was C. V. 1.97%.
By correcting the addition of catalyst and digestion time, the following operation is decided as the official method for determining nitrogen in tea.
Weigh 100 mg. of pulverized tea into a 100-ml. digestion, flask, add 1.5g. of the mixed catalyst (CuSO₄ I : K₂SO₄ 9) and 3 MI. of conc. sulfuric acid. Digest the content on an electric heater or gas burner. Continue heating 1.5-2.0 hours after the color of content turned transparent blueish-green.
Cool, dilute with water, and make alkaline with 30% caustic soda solution. Distil the whole content with steam for 10 minutes, catch the evolving ammonia into 10 ml. of N/25 sulfuric acid. Titrate the N/25 sulfuric acid with N/25 caustic soda solution by adding 1-2 drops of the mixed indicator (a mixture of equal volume of 0.2% methyl-red alcohol solution and 0.1% methylene-blue alcohol solution) until the reddish-violet color disappeared.

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