Chagyo Kenkyu Hokoku (Tea Research Journal)
Online ISSN : 1883-941X
Print ISSN : 0366-6190
ISSN-L : 0366-6190
Volume 1988, Issue 67
Displaying 1-8 of 8 articles from this issue
  • Yoriyuki NAKAMURA
    1988 Volume 1988 Issue 67 Pages 1-12
    Published: June 01, 1988
    Released on J-STAGE: July 31, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Adventitious embryo formation from Camellia sinensis cotyledons was studied by tissue culture. The effects of benzyladenine (BA) concentration in culture medium, the explant size and the developmental stage of cotyledon used, and also interspecific and varietal differences were investigated in cotyledon culture of C. sinensis and other species of Camellia.
    1) In cotyledon culture of C. sinensis cv. Yabukita, M&S medium supplemented with BA (1.0-5.0 mg/l) increased the rate of the differentiation to 30% or higher from 16% of that without the addition of BA. The differentiation of adventitious embryos in a few basal medium and a few combinations of either BA plus naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) or BA plus gibberellin A3 (GA) were of lower rates and less stable than that of BA (1.0-5.0 mg/l) alone.
    2) Differentiation of adventitious embryos was remarkably influenced by the size of explants of cotyledon. The larger the explants of cotyledon were, the higher the differentiation rate of adventitious embryos occured.
    3) The optimum timing of cotyledon culture for the highest differentiation rate of adventitious embryos was found to be late September to mid October (Stage 2) using ripe seeds. The rates of the differentiation were lowered when unripe seeds (Stage 1) or stored ripe seeds (5°C for 2-3 months, Stage 3) were used for the culture. Also, bacterial concentration of explants became more and more frequent as the storage periods of seeds became longer (Stage 3).
    4) Remarkable interspecific and varietal differences were observed in the rates of the differentiation of adventitious embryos. The rates among C. sinensis ranged from zero to near fifty per cent : High rates were obtained with 'Yabukita', 'Kurasawa' while, these of 'Houryoku', 'Da-Yeh Oolong', 'Manipuri 9', 'Chi-Shin Dah-Pan' and 'Satumabeni' were less than 6%. On the other hand, the differentiation rate of adventitious embryos of other Camellia species were high in comparison with C. sinensis. Especially high differentiation rate of adventitious embryos were obtained with C. japonica (48-58%), C. sasanqua (59-81%) and C. brevistela (93%). Also the high differentiation rate of 69% was obtained with the cotyledon of interspecific hybrid between C. japonica and C. granthamiana.
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  • Yukikazu KURANUKI
    1988 Volume 1988 Issue 67 Pages 13-18
    Published: June 01, 1988
    Released on J-STAGE: July 31, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The relations between meteorological factors and the yield of first crop of tea leaf were analyzed by means of correlation coefficient, path coefficient and multiple regression. The data of meteorological factors were the pentad mean of maximum and minimum air temperature and the pentad sum of precipitation from September to April in past 20 years.
    1. As a result of correlation analysis, the coefficient of the pentad mean of maximum and minimum air temperature and the pentad sum of precipitation changed minus to plus from September to October, plus to minus from December to January and minus to positive from March to April, respectively. It was calculated high positive correlations between yield and meteorological factors in Autumn and Spring, and slightly high negative correlations in Winter.
    2. As a result of path coefficient analysis, yield was highly related to both air temperature of March, October and September. and precipitation from March to April and from September to October. Therefore the weather of Autumn and Spring were very important to the yield of the first crop.
    3. On the basis of direct effect of every month in path coefficient analyses, the, period from September to April was divided three periods with regard to air temperature ; namely, from mid September to mid November, from late November to the first half of April and in the last half of April. And it was divided the four periods with regard to precipitation ; namely, from September to December, from January to mid March, from late March to the first half of April and in the last half of April.
    4. From the relations between meteorological factors and the yield of first crop, following four phases were thought as the growth phase of tea plant from autumn to spring ; 1) the developing phase of autumn bud from October to the beginning of November, 2) the phase being related to cold weather from mid November to February, 3) the preparatory phase of new shoot from March to the first half of April, and 4) the growing phase of new shoot in the last half of April.
    5. The yield was estimated by the followimg multiple regression formula equation.
    Y=970.2562+78.1301X1-11.9157X2
    +36.0315X3-50.6482X4-28.8750X5
    -14.5604X6-4.9906X7-10.8755X8
    -43.0096X9+15.2774X10+1.1313X11
    Y : the yield of first crop of green leaf in tea crop (kg/10a),
    X1 : 4th pentad mean of maximum air temperature in January,
    X2 : 6th pentad mean of maximum air temperature in January,
    X3 : 3rd pentad mean of minimum air temperature in January,
    X4 : 4th pentad mean of minimum air temperature in January,
    X5 : 4th pentad mean of maximum air temperature in February,
    X6 : 6th pentad mean of maximum air temperature in February,
    X7 : 3rd pentad sum of precipitation in January,
    X8 : 3rd pentad sum of precipitation in February,
    X9 : 4th pentad mean of maximum air temperature in March,
    X10 : 1st pentad mean of minimum air temperature in March,
    X11 : 2nd pentad sum of precipitation in March.
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  • Ikuo WATANABE
    1988 Volume 1988 Issue 67 Pages 19-24
    Published: June 01, 1988
    Released on J-STAGE: July 31, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Effects of autumn and spring nitrogen application on the growth and nitrogen constituents of first flush shoots were studied in tea plants grown in sand culture.
    From the results of the analysis of variance, the growth of the shoots and the nitrogen accumulated in the shoots had statistically significant relationship with the nitrogen concentration applied in autumn and spring. The nitrogen which was remobilized from nitrogen applied in autumn correlated with the concentration of nitrogen in autumn with 1% significant level, and with the concentration of nitrogen in spring with 5% significant level. The concentration of amino acids in the shoots correlated with nitrogen concentration in autumn with 5% significant level, and with the concentration of nitrogen in spring with 1% significant level.
    From the results of multiple regression analysis, partial regression coefficient of nitrogen concentration in autumn for the growth of the shoots was greater than that of the concentration of nitrogen in spring. The analysis of the accumulated nitrogen and the remobilized nitrogen showed the same results. But for the contents of amino acids in the shoots, the coefficient of the nitrogen con-centration in spring was markedly greater than that of the concentration of nitrogen in autumn.
    These results suggested that the contribution of nitrogen applied in autumn for the growth of the shoots, accumulated nitrogen and remobilized nitrogen was markedly greater than that of the nitrogen applied in spring. On the other hand, nitrogen applied in spring was suggested to highly contribute to the concentration of amino acids in the shoots.
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  • Wen-Fei GUO, Shao-Jun LUO
    1988 Volume 1988 Issue 67 Pages 25-28
    Published: June 01, 1988
    Released on J-STAGE: July 31, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The partition constants of amino acids, polyphenols and caffeine of green tea during extraction were measured at 92.5 and 80.0°C according to M. SPIRO'S two-phase model. The enthalpy changes of these constituents during extraction were calculated.
    At equilibrirum, the concentrations of these three constituents in swollen tea leaf were larger than those in solution. When determining the contents of these constituents, if the amounts in swollen tea leaf compared with those in solution are larger than the permissible errors, the amounts in swollen tea leaf are not negligible. It is necessary to calculate the real content with the partition constant and the concentration in solution as the result.
    The enthalpy changes of amino acids, polyphenols and caffeine during extraction are 10.7, 9.4 and 17.7 KJ/mol, respectively, It suggests that the extractions of these three constituents are endothermic processes. At higher temperature, the partition constants are larger and it is advantageous to extraction.
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  • Takao FUJII, Kiyotaka TORII
    1988 Volume 1988 Issue 67 Pages 29-43
    Published: June 01, 1988
    Released on J-STAGE: July 31, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • 1988 Volume 1988 Issue 67 Pages 53-67
    Published: June 01, 1988
    Released on J-STAGE: July 31, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Download PDF (933K)
  • 1988 Volume 1988 Issue 67 Pages 68-80
    Published: June 01, 1988
    Released on J-STAGE: July 31, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • 1988 Volume 1988 Issue 67 Pages 80-94
    Published: June 01, 1988
    Released on J-STAGE: July 31, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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