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Volume 2011 (2011)
- Issue 112 Pages 112_1･･･
- Issue 111 Pages 111_1･･･
Volume 2011, Issue 111
TEA RESEARCH JOURNAL No.111
Displaying 1-10 of 10 articles from this issue
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Original Articles
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Hiroshi Yoshidome, Kenichiro Sato, Hirofumi Nagatomo, Takashi Mizuta, ...2011 Volume 2011 Issue 111 Pages 111_1-111_13
Published: June 30, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: October 30, 2015
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA new cultivar ‘Harunonagori’ for green tea was released on 2008 and it bred at the Tea Branch Facility, Miyazaki Agricultural Research Institute. ‘Harunonagori’ was selected out of seedlings crossed between ‘Saitama No.1’ and ‘Miyazaki No.8’ in 1986.
The characteristics of ‘Harunonagori’ are as follows ;
‘Harunonagori’ is late budding, the plucking time of the 1st crop is about 4 days later than in ‘Yabukita’. The shape of the plant is slightly spread type and the growth is slightly vigorous.
‘Harunonagori’ is resistant to tea anthracnose (Colletotrichum theae-sinensis (Miyake) Yamamoto) and fairly resistant to tea gray blight (Pestalotiopsis longiseta (Spegazzini) Dai et Kobayashi). But it is middle susceptible to tea blister blight (Exobasidium vexans Massee). ‘Harunonagori’ is more resistant to Pseudaulacaspis pentagona Targioni than ‘Yabukita’ and ‘Kanayamidori’.
It is fairly resistant to cold damage in midwinter and slightly susceptible to bark split frost injury in early winter. The yield of ‘Harunonagori’ is higher than that of ‘Yabukita’. The quality of processed tea is as good as ‘Yabukita’. The color and aroma of processed tea is better than that of ‘Kanayamidori’.View full abstractDownload PDF (946K) -
Iwao Ishikawa2011 Volume 2011 Issue 111 Pages 111_15-111_22
Published: June 30, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: October 30, 2015
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAn epizootic of entomophthoraceous fungus, Zoophthora radicans in a population of Empoasca onukii in a tea field,Iruma, Japan, are described. The occurrence of the epizootic was monitored 1 or 2 times in a month, from September to October in 1980 and from April to November in 1981,under insecticide control. No fungicides were applied.The cadavers of adults and nymphs of E.onukii by the fungus were observed on the abaxial surface of tea leaves.Infections of the fungus caused up to 40.7% nymphs mortality in late September, 1980 and 36.2% adults and nymphs mortality in late October, 1981.The cadavers developing resting spores were observed with the cadavers developing conidia in late September, 1980 and in late October,1981.This is the first report of Z.radicans infecting E.onukii in Japan.View full abstractDownload PDF (820K) -
Hirofumi Matsuo, Susumu Fujita, Toshihiro Tatsuno, Masafumi Mitarai, Y ...2011 Volume 2011 Issue 111 Pages 111_23-111_37
Published: June 30, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: October 30, 2015
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSManufacturing kamairicha has proven difficult due to its low production capacity. To improve its capacity, a primary tea rolling dryer that has been used in the manufacturing of sencha was introduced. Based on the sencha process, an initial method for manufacturing kamairicha was developed: parching → primary tea rolling dryer → tea roller → secondary tea rolling dryer. Unlike steaming of sencha, parching is the first step of the kamairicha process for inactivation of enzymes in the tea leaves. In this case, falling rate drying period is apt to occur. To allow the moisture in the leaves to be uniformly distributed, we proposed a new kamairicha manufacturing process: parching → tea roller → primary tea rolling dryer → secondary tea rolling dryer. This new method allows the moisture in the leaves to move to the surface before the primary tea rolling dryer step, resulting in a more efficient primary tea rolling dryer step without falling rate drying period. Moreover, the time required for the secondary tea rolling dryer step was reduced by about 30-50%, and the quality of crude tea was improved. At the start of the primary tea rolling dryer step, the moisture content of the tea leaves was about 150%d.b.. As the tea leaves had a lower moisture content, we decided to use the fixed drum-type secondary tea rolling dryer instead of the primary tea rolling dryer. This machine is smaller, more economical than the primary tea rolling dryer. In the case of this, the quality of crude tea and production capacity remained similar to those using the primary tea rolling dryer but the fuel consumption was reduced by about 15-25%.View full abstractDownload PDF (1336K) -
Eiji Kobayashi, Yoriyuki Nakamura, Toshikazu Suzuki, Tetsuya Oishi, Ki ...2011 Volume 2011 Issue 111 Pages 111_39-111_49
Published: June 30, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: October 30, 2015
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWith the rooted cutting irradiated in the incubator at different light intensities (PPFD:Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density;0,2,7,70,1300μmolm-2s-1), changes in leaf color and the ingredients of the new shoots were investigated. For three weeks from the two-leaf stage of the first crop of tea, the changes in PPFD, leaf color and the ingredients of the new shoots were investigated while directly covered at different shading rates (0%, 85%, 98%, 100%).
PPFD 70μmolm-2s-1 made the leaf color dark green, PPFD 7～2μmolm-2s-1 made it a lighter green, and PPFD 0μmolm-2s-1 etiolated it to white. In the field test, 85% shading made the leaf color dark green, 98% shading made it a lighter green, while 100% shading etiolated it to white.
In the daytime, as the shading rate increased, PPFD decreased; 930μmolm-2s-1 under open air, 112μmolm-2s-1 under 85%, 7μmolm-2s-1 under 98%, and 0μmolm-2s-1 under 100%. PPFD on a rainy day decreased to 10% on a fine day, and was at the same level as it was when under 85% shading on a fine day. PPFD under 85% shading on a rainy day was at the same level as it was when under 98% shading on a fine day.
The content of amino acids in the new shoot increased as PPFD lowered and the rate of shading rose. Particularly, the amino acids in shoots with 100% shading increased more than double, as compared with the starting time of their covering. Arginine increased about 3 times, serine about 4 times, and asparagine about 50 times.
The content of catechin, in the new shoot was higher when it was under PPFD1300μmolm-2s-1 and 0μmolm-2s-1 than under PPFD70μmolm-2s-1. The content of caffeine increased as PPFD was lowered and the rate of shading rose.
In conclusion, it was found that decreased PPFD levels makes the leaf color of new shoots dark green. PPFD7～2μmolm-2s-1 makes it a lighter green, PPFD0μmolm-2s-1 etiolates it to white, and the content of amino acids in new shoots increases remarkably.View full abstractDownload PDF (1054K) -
Takashi Ikka, Yusuke Toba, Yoshikazu Kiriiwa, Akio Morita, Toshikazu S ...2011 Volume 2011 Issue 111 Pages 111_51-111_62
Published: June 30, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: October 30, 2015
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo investigate the effect of different light conditions on the antioxidative activities of suspension-cultured tea (Camellia sinensis L. cv. ‘Yabukita’) cells, we measured the growth, ascorbate (AsA) content and lipid peroxidation of suspension-cultured tea cells grown under continuously illuminating condition with red (light-emitting diodes) LEDs (650-670 nm), blue LEDs (450-470 nm), red LEDs with supplemental blue LEDs (red plus blue LEDs) or white fluorescent lamp with 100 μmol m-2 s-1 of photosynthetic photon flux density for 7 days, comparing with ones grown under dark. The cell growth in all light-treated conditions has decreased to the half in the dark condition, and the lipid peroxidation has increased. The content of AsA in tea cells was increased in blue LEDs, red plus blue LEDs and white fluorescent light treatments. Oxalate contents of red plus blue LEDs and white light treatments were higher than that of other treatments. On the other hand, the catalase activity was decreased in light conditions including the blue wavelength band, whereas the ascorbate peroxidase activity did not change in any treatment conditions. Furthermore, superoxide dismutase activity was only decreased in red LEDs and red plus blue LEDs conditions. These results suggested that the blue light wavelength might be induced AsA synthesis directly or through the suppression of catalase activity in cultured tea cells.View full abstractDownload PDF (900K) -
Akio Morita, Takashi Ikka, Aya Kunihiro, Toshikazu Suzuki, Tetsuya Ooi ...2011 Volume 2011 Issue 111 Pages 111_63-111_72
Published: June 30, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: October 30, 2015
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSCurrently, two cultivars (‘Hoshinomidori’ and ‘Kiraka’) and two lines (‘Morokozawa’ and ‘Yamabuki’) were cultivated as “white leaf teas” in Japan. Of these four white leaf teas, contents of several chemical compounds of new shoots in the first crop season were compared with those of ‘Yabukita’ as a common green leaf tea cultivar. Values of chlorophyll meter were quite lower in white leaf tea (0.6-8.1) than ‘Yabukita’ (32.7). Of all white leaf teas, the content of free amino acids was extremely high, more than 1.8 folds of ‘Yabukita’. In catechins contents, ‘Morokozawa, Hoshinomidori’ and ‘Kiraka’ were lower than ‘Yabukita’, but ‘Yamabuki’ was similar to ‘Yabukita’. Contents of oxalate, citrate, nitrate ion, aluminum, potassium, calcium, magnesium and manganese were higher in all of four or three white leaf teas than ‘Yabukita’. These suggested that white leaf teas were different from ‘Yabukita’ in the chemical composition, that is, extremely high free amino acid contents with high organic acids and mineral contents.View full abstractDownload PDF (782K)
Short Communication
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Shogo Fukuyama, Tetsuya Yoshioka, Kentaro Nakazono, Akira Kubota2011 Volume 2011 Issue 111 Pages 111_73-111_76
Published: June 30, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: October 30, 2015
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe toxicity effects of 19 insecticides and 2 fungicides on adult females of Encarsia smithi (Silvestri), parasitoids of the camellia spiny whitefly, Aleurocanthus camelliae Kanmiya & Kasai were evaluated by laboratory experiments. Organophosphate, carbamate, and synthetic pyrethroid insecticides were harmful (90-100% mortality) to E. smithi . In contrast, insect growth regulators (IGRs), acaricides, and fungicides were harmless (<10% mortality).View full abstractDownload PDF (677K)
Technical Reports
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Kiyofumi Inaba, Yoriyuki Nakamura, Eiji Kobayashi, Yumiko Kaneko2011 Volume 2011 Issue 111 Pages 111_77-111_81
Published: June 30, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: October 30, 2015
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe tea (Camellia sinensis cv. ‘Yabukita’) leaves grown under the strong shading treatment are tinged with white as well as increase the content of amino acids. We investigated the effects on the tea leaves by this treatment, using nine distantly-related cultivars. As a result, all cultivars’ leaves turned white color dramatically and increased the content of amino acids. It was considered that the change of tea leaf color under this treatment has nothing to do with genotype, since amino acids in white leaves grown under this treatment differ in composition from those in normal white leaf tea cultivars. Accordingly, this technique is expected to be applicable for any tea cultivars.View full abstractDownload PDF (682K)
Note
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Shingo Toyoshima, Hiroshi Yorozuya, Chikara Ishijima, Yasushi Sato2011 Volume 2011 Issue 111 Pages 111_83-111_89
Published: June 30, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: October 30, 2015
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (689K) -
[in Japanese]2011 Volume 2011 Issue 111 Pages 111_91-111_92
Published: June 30, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: October 30, 2015
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (661K)
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