Both in antitumor effect in vitro and mouse-treatment experiment with SP-I and SP-G which have been developed by Sandoz Co., Switzerland, an effective data (result) was obtained with SP-G, however, no antitumor effect was observed with SP-I.

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After an examination on antibacterial spectrum, sensitivity for pathogenicity Staphylococcus isolated from patient, stability, influence of various factors on antibacterial activity and acquired resistance etc., dicloxacillin indicated the same action as in known synthetic penicillin oxacillin and cloxacillin, on the other hand, hetacillin showed almost same action as in ampicillin.

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The lethal effect of NF 151 for the viability of E. coli was powerful but momentary, while NF 150 was less active on the viability, but showed the prolonged action.
When the nitrofurans were added into the growing cu lture of E. coli, NF 151 in the culture was inactivated rapidly, on the contrary, that of NF 150 was slow.
Protein contents of E. coli, exposed to the nitrofurans, decreased 40∼50%.
Pyruvate oxidation of E. coli was completely inhibited by NF 151, a nd also the oxidations of glucose, a-ketoglutarate and fumarate were inhibited 60∼70%. Inhibitions of NF 150 for such oxidation were generally weaker than those of NF 151, while only for the oxidation of succinate, the effect qf NF 150 was stronger than that of NF 151.
In the experiment for de hydrogenase of E. coli, NF 151 was less inhibited in comparison with NF 150.

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Cyclophosphamide (Endoxan) is an alkylating agent synthesized by BROCK ^{et al}. in 1958. During 2 years from June 1938 to July 1940, 287 cases of malignant neoplasmas were treated in our clinic. Among them 195 cases (55. 4%) received one or more kinds of antitumor substance, including cyclophosphamide in 34 cases(21. 4%), which consisted of 12 of stomach cancer, 5 of breast cancer, 4 of reticulum cell sarcoma, 3 of rectum cancer and each 1 of esophageal cancer, pancreatic cancer, thyroid cancer, lymphoepithelioma, ieiomyosarcoma, stomach myosarcoma and seminoma.
It was only in 4 cases (11. 7%) that the obvious clinical effects, subjectively and objectively, were checked. These cases were all with reticulum cell carcinoma.
Case 1, A. N. male, 35 years of age. Profuse reticulum cell sarcoma in the retroperitoneal cavity, operatively and pathologically attested. Later the tumor was revealed in the supraclavicular lymphnodes too. Daily 300 mg of cyclophosphamide were given intravenously during 34 days long. Tumor was distinguished, general condition was remarkably improved and left the hospital. The patient died of recurrence of the same neoplasma 5 months after the treatment.
Case 2, A. A. female, 28 years of age. Reticulum cell sarcoma of left neck, abdomen and right inguinum. Daily 200 mg of cyclophosphamide. Tumor distinguished.
Case 3, T. U. male, 48 years of age. Reticu lum cell sarcoma of abdomen and both inguinum. Recurrence after ⁶⁰Co therapy. Daily 200 mg of cyclophosphamide during 34 days. Good response.
Case 4, T. W. male, 31 years of age. Reticulum cell sarcoma in the left n eck and inguinum. Daily 200 mg of intravenous cyclophosphamide. Good response. Side effects were also mentioned.

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As a result of study with respect to those following points such as antibacterial spectrum, sensitivity for clinically isolated bacteria, stability, influence of several factors on antibacterial activity, type of activity, acquired resistance, cross resistance and effect for mouse-experimental infection etc. as compared with mikamycin, it was found that pristinamycin was comparatively stronger than mikamycin in its antibacterial effect (power), and resistance was rather diifficult and that a complete cross resistance existed in both substances.

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Department of Surgery, Osaka City University Medical School Since the chemical structure of penicillin was clarified, many derivative substances of penicillin have been produced from the basis of 6-aminopenicillanic acid.
Hetacillin, a new synthetic penicillin, is a white, crystalline solid with a solubility of 17 mg per gram of water.
T he clinical effectiveness of hetacillin against both gram-positive and negative bacteria have indicated that the antibacterial activities are very similar to that of an aminobenzyl penicillin.
In our department of surgery, 24 patients with a surgical infection had been treated with hetacillin during the year of January 1965 to March 1966. Seventeen of 24 patients with a surgical infection showed satisfactory responses to hetacillin therapy (70. 8%).
The results obtained suggest that hetacillin has a n excellent therapeutic effect on any kind of surgical infection, in spite of increasing incidence of resistant bacterial infections to penicillin.

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From the studies on a new antibiotic kasugamyc in (KSM), the following results were obtained.
1. On the sensitivity test, M. I. C. values against Pseudomonas aeruginosa showed muc h difference according to medium used. By peptone agar the M. I. C. were 25 to 100 mcg/ml. Those of other enterobacteriaceae against KSM were similar to Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
2. Adsorption to red blood corpuscle was poor.
3. KSM was not inactivated by mice liver homogenates.
4. By cellophane bag dialysis, KSM was co nsidered to be highly bound with serum protein.
5. Organ level following intramuscular injection to mice was high only in kidney, was low in lung, and nil in bowel content.
6. The daily u rinary recovery rates following intramuscular injection to one patient were from 60 to 70%, while after oral administration to volunteers they were generally 1 to 4%.
7. Clinical applications were performed to 2 cases, one kidney abscess with carcinoma and one pneumonia with rheumatoid arthritis, both due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In both cases Pseudomonas disappeared, once at least, following KSM/ injection, regardless of the course of primary diseases.
As untoward effects, gastric distress such as anorexia, nausea, vomiting, loss of hearing and tendency of elevation of blood urea nitrogen were experienced.

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