CHEMOTHERAPY
Online ISSN : 1884-5894
Print ISSN : 0009-3165
ISSN-L : 0009-3165
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Volume 15, Issue 2
Displaying 1-11 of 11 articles from this issue
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  • CLINICAL AND LABORATORY EXPERIENCE OF HETACILLIN IN URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS
    M. OHKOSHI, T. SUGAI, T. KAWAKAMI, K. SUZUKI, I. NAGAKUBO
    1967 Volume 15 Issue 2 Pages 113-116
    Published: March 25, 1967
    Released on J-STAGE: September 24, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11250/chemotherapy1953.15.113
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    Hetacillin—a new synthetic penicillin is s broad-spectrum antibiotic, being active against both, gram-positive and gram-negative strains. We employed the drug for the laboratory investigations of the latter and clinical treatments of urinary tract infections.
    In vitro bacterial sensitivity of 117 gram-negative str ains was tested. The 68 (89%) strains of E. coil and all of 9 Proteus mirabilis were inhibited by the concentration of less than 5 mcg/ml, but the strains of Klebsiella, Morganella, Rettgerella and Cloaca were somewhat more resistant.
    All of the 6 Pseudomonas strains were highly resistant to more than 250 mcg/ml. The pattern of antibiotic spectrum was similar to amino-benzylpenicillin.
    The serum levels in excess of 1. 2 mcg/ml were obtained at 4 hours in response to single oral dosis of NO mg.
    34. 6 mg (19. 9%) was gained in urine within 4 to 6 hours. The drug was administered to 22 ' patients, including 6 acute and 16 chronic. The result was satisfactory in all of. 6 acute cases with the oral administration of 1 g dosis daily (in equally divided every 6 hours). In chronic, 11 cases were. unsatisfactory despite of 750 mg to 2 g daily, intramuscularly or orally (in equally divided every 6 or, 8 hours). No side reactions occurred in any of our patients.
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  • BASIC AND CLINICAL STUDIES ON CHLOR-ACETOXY-QUINOLINE
    OSAMU KITAMOTO, KAZUFUTO FUKAYA, TOYOKO WAJIMA
    1967 Volume 15 Issue 2 Pages 117-121
    Published: March 25, 1967
    Released on J-STAGE: September 24, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11250/chemotherapy1953.15.117
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    On a new quinoline group antimicrobial agent, chlora cetoxyquinoline (CAQ), basic experiments and --clinical applications were performed and the following results were obtained.
    1. At the sensitivity test against various pathogens comparing with othe r quinoline group ones, Staphylococcus aureus and Shigella flexneri were generally sensitive, but Shigella sonnei was less than the both.
    2. Much portion of CAQ was adsorbed to red blood corpuscle.
    3. CAQ was not inactivated by mice liver homogenat es.
    4. By the result of cellophane bag dialysis, CAQ was greatly combined with serum protein.
    5. Following oral administration in mice, CAQ was merely detected from kidney and lung, though high concentration was found in bowel content.
    6. During oral treatment of patients, blood and urine level were proved to be low, but the comparable concentration with the value of sensitivity to Shigella sonnei was found in stool.
    7. Four bacillary and four amebic dysentery cases were treated with CA Q. In the former the effect was good in all, but poor in one of the latter.
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  • CLINICAL AND BASIC STUDIES OF THIOPHENICOL IN SURGICAL FIELD
    KIYOTO SHIBATA, KIYOTO SHIBATA, TADAO ITO, AKIO INUKAI, NORIO MIZUNO, ...
    1967 Volume 15 Issue 2 Pages 122-126
    Published: March 25, 1967
    Released on J-STAGE: September 24, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11250/chemotherapy1953.15.122
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    ?Thiophenicol was administered to infant and adult patients who had various infectious diseases in our surgical wards, and this drug was proved to be effective in 73% of the cases.
    Only the minimal side effects in the digestive tract were noted, and no disturbances of the hematopoetic or hepatic functions were found.
    The pathogenic staphylococci is olated from the infectious foci of the patients appeared to be rather less sensitive against thiophenicol, as compared with chloramphenicol.
    The pathogenic gram negative bacilli, particularly E. coli or Proteus, were shown to have a greater number of the resistant strains to thiophenicol than to chloramphenicol. Thiophenicol showed higher level in blood and kept an effective serum concentration longer period by the single administration of 500 mg. p. o., in comparison with chloramphenicol.
    Thiophenicol was not any longer detected in blood three hours a fter the intramuscular injection in adults, also almost the equal results of the above were obtained in infant.
    The amount of the urinary excretion of thiophenicol was found to be far greater than that of chloramphenicol and hence thiophenicol was expected to be useful in urinary tract infection.
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  • USE OF THIOPHENICOL IN PATIENTS WITH URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS
    JOJI ISHIGAMI, YASUHISA FUKUDA, TAKEO SHOJI, SHINJI HARA
    1967 Volume 15 Issue 2 Pages 127-133
    Published: March 25, 1967
    Released on J-STAGE: September 24, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11250/chemotherapy1953.15.127
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    In our clinic, thiophenicol, which was invented at the Winthrop Laboratory of U. S. A., was administered to the patients with various urinary tract infections and the observations on clinical effects as well as basic experiments were performed. The results of study are summerized as follows.
    1) Blood concentration and urinary excretion rate. Withg 0. 5 g per os, the blo o d concentration reached to the maximum level (8. 4 mcg/ml) in 2 hours and the effective blood concentration retained for 12 hours. With 0. 5 g intramuscular injection, similar pattern was seen. The urinary excretion rate after 0. 5 g intramuscular injection was 58. 4 % for 8 hours.
    2) Anti-bacterial effects. Using agar-plate dilution method, sensitivity of staphylococci and E. coli against thiophenicol was studied. The sensitive levels of concentration were seen in high concentration areas against both bacilli.
    3) Among 30 cas e s given thiophenicol, including 10 cases of acute cystitis, 1 acute pyelonephritis, 12 chronic cystitis, 3 chronic prostatitis, 1 abscess of seminal gland, 2 urethral-stricture etc, the 'effectiveness was demonstrated in 60%.
    4) Side effects
    No noticea b le side effects were observed in all cases.
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  • FUNDAMENTAL AND CLINICAL STUDIES ON CEPHALORIDINE AND CEPHALOTHIN
    YASUTAMI KINOSITA, ISAMU OGIMA, FUSANOSUKE YAMASAKU, ARIYOSI KONDO, BU ...
    1967 Volume 15 Issue 2 Pages 134-139
    Published: March 25, 1967
    Released on J-STAGE: September 24, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11250/chemotherapy1953.15.134
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    1) A wide range of microorganisms was tes t ed for sensitivity to cephaloridine using the twofold. serial dilution technique in appropriate nutrient media. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of cephaloridine against Staph. aureus (including penicillin resistant strains), Strept. haemolyticus and Dippi. pneumonia were 1. 6, O. 1, 0. 05 mcg/ml respectively. Most strains of E. coli, Sh. sonnei, Sh. flex. and Sal typhi were sensitive but Ps. aeruginosa, Serratia marcessence, Pr. vulgaris, Cloaca, and Hafnia were highly resistant.
    2) Serum l evels and urinary excretion of cephaloridine were studied in normal subjects and uremic patients. The half-life was 1. 55 hr. in the serum of normal subjects after a single intramuscular in' jection of 500 m g, but in the uremic patients it reached 9. 5--3 hr. (average 6. 18 hr. ). It must be noticed, that in the uremic patients the urinary recovery was 10% or less, and that it was 64-26. 6% in normal subjects.
    3) Peritoneal dialyses were performed in uremic patients 2 1/2 hr. after the injection of 500 mg of cephaloridine. By our method, 10--20% of the given dose was extracted in peritoneal dialysate.
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  • [title in Japanese]
    [in Japanese]
    1967 Volume 15 Issue 2 Pages 140-152
    Published: March 25, 1967
    Released on J-STAGE: September 24, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11250/chemotherapy1953.15.140
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  • COMPARISON OF ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY BETWEEN CHLORAMPHENICOL AND ITS DERIVATIVES. I.
    Effect on Enteric Bacteria isolated from Clinical Specimens.
    H. MIYAMOTO, H. HIRAISHI, K. NAGASHIMA, K. HORIKAWA
    1967 Volume 15 Issue 2 Pages 153-156
    Published: March 25, 1967
    Released on J-STAGE: June 03, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11250/chemotherapy1953.15.153
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    Antibacterial activities of thiophenicol (TP) and thiophenicol-glycinate (TP-G) to enteric bacteria were compared with that of chloramphenicol (CP). All the strains used were recently isolated from clinical sources in Japan: they include E. coli, Shigella, Klebsiella, Proteus and Pseudomonas.
    From the result obtained, following conclusions were drawn:
    1) CP sensitive strains were sensitive to TP and to TP-G. All the CP resistant strains were highly 'resistant to TP and to TP -G.
    2) The activities of TP an d TP-G were usually lower than that of CP. They were, however, the same only to CP sensitive Shigella strains.
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  • ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF URINARY TRACT ANTISEPTIC “HIPPRAMINE”
    KAZUO OGASAWARA, YASUO YAMADA, YUTAKA SUZUKI
    1967 Volume 15 Issue 2 Pages 157-159
    Published: March 25, 1967
    Released on J-STAGE: September 24, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11250/chemotherapy1953.15.157
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    In vitro antimicrobial activities of Hippramine (hexamethylenetetramine hipprate) against all of 13 strains from 6 species of micro-organisms including Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Klebsiell a pneumoniae, Aerobacter aerogenes, Proteus vulgaris and Staphylococcus at various pH were de termined by serial dilution method.
    Minimum inhibito ry concentration (MIC) of Hippramine against 0-7 Bi-750 and 0-8 G-3404 strains of E. coli at pH 6. 8 were more than 4. 0 mg/ml. Whereas, MIC of the strains belonging to other micro ?organisms were less than 4. 0 mg/ml. MIC of Hippramine against all micro-organisms at pH 6. 0 were in the range of 1. 8--0. 8 mg/m1 and at pH 5. 0 were less than 1. 0 mg/ml. Especially, MIC of the strains of E. coli (excluding 0-111 strain) and Proteus vulgaris at pH 5. 0 were less than 0. 1 mg/ml. Thus, the activity was obviously greater according as pH of the medium was lowered and the efficacy was appeared to be attributed to Hippramine itself and not to pH.
    Even in buffered urine, the anti-baterial activity was still present.
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  • COMBINATION EFFECT OF NALIDIXIC ACID, LINCOMYCIN AND CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC DRUGS
    YOSHITAKE YOKOTA, KUNIKO ISHIDA, HIROKAZU ISHIDA, KODO OTANI, NOBUHIKO ...
    1967 Volume 15 Issue 2 Pages 160-164
    Published: March 25, 1967
    Released on J-STAGE: September 24, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11250/chemotherapy1953.15.160
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    In combined use in vitro of NA with other known chemotherapeutic drugs, evident combination effect of NA with synthetic cephalosporin-C drug and also with sulpha drug was observed.
    Especially in combination of sulpha drug, it was further examined by treatment experiment of mouse-experimental colibacillus infection.
    Combination effect of LCM with know n chemotherapeutic drugs, particularly with erythromycin, was remarkable.
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  • METHYL DICHLOROPHENYL ISOXAZOLYL PENICILLIN (MDI-PC), A NEW PENICILLINASE RESIS TANT PENICILLIN, IN SURGERY
    RYONJI ISHII, HISAYA ISHIBIKI, HIROYUKI OOI, AKIRA TSUNEKAWA, YASUO NA ...
    1967 Volume 15 Issue 2 Pages 165-168
    Published: March 25, 1967
    Released on J-STAGE: September 24, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11250/chemotherapy1953.15.165
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    MDT-PC is a new? isoxazolyl type penicillin and differs chemically from MCI-PC in having one more, chloride atom in the melecule. We studied MDI-PC both clinically and pharmacologically, and obtained the results which are summerized as follows.
    1) Antistaphylococcal activity was exami ned on 52 strains from the infected lesions. Only one strain revealed resistance to MDI-PC, resistant rate being 1. 9%. It is almost the same as the other isoxa-zolyl type penicillins.
    2) Serum concentra tion after oral administration revealed 2-3 times higher as the other isoxazolyl type penicillins in identical dosage.
    3) We administered MDI- P C to 25 eases, in 92% of which it secured very good results. All cases induced by penicillinase producing strains were cured satisfactorily.
    4) Only one gastric incompatibility was side effect r ecorded. On the basis of results obtained, especially its potent antistaphylococcal activity and high blood levels, DI-PC can be claimed to be the therapy of infections caused by penicilinase-producing staphyloc Mocci.
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  • INFLUENCE OF FRADIOMYCIN ON THE INTESTINAL FLORA AND SOME PHENOMENA OBS ERVED IN MAN AND ANIMALS
    TSUNEO JINTATE
    1967 Volume 15 Issue 2 Pages 169-181
    Published: March 25, 1967
    Released on J-STAGE: September 24, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11250/chemotherapy1953.15.169
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    Administration of fradiomycin, 3 g per day for 2 weeks, brought a marked reduce in numbers of coliform organisms and enterococci, while staphylococci and candida were not significantly effected, in man. Animals, rats and rabbits, had been little influenced by fradiomycin on the intestinal flora in. aerobic condition. No changes in mucous membrane of the intestine were observed histologicaly in rats.
    Following 2 weeks administration of fradiomycin, reduced d-xylose excretion in urine in 2 subjects. VOL. 15 NO. 2 CHEMOTHERAPY 181 but in others, were demonstrated no changes in 5 hours after 25 g d-xylose administration. The results of I'31-triolein test, evaluated by feces excretion rate in 72 hou rs, stayed within normal range after administration of fradiomycin for 5 days. The sensitivity for the anticoagulant agent, dic umarol, increased during fradiomycin administration' in rabbits.
    T he serum cholesterol level was markedly decreased by fradiomycin administration for 2 weeks and varied, insignificantly by tetracycline and chloramphenicol. Bile acid excretion in feces increased 2 folds. during administration of fradiomycin. Changes of the structures of bile acids also demonstrated. Thus, this would permit to guess about the mechanism of serum cholesterol lowering.
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