About 400 strains isolated in 1966 were examined for drug resistance and phage type and their results were compared with those obtained before. The isolation frequency of the strains resistant to streptomycin (SM) and tetracycline (TC) was almost the same as before, including 28. 7% SM resistance and 34. 9% TC resistance, But the isolation frequency of sulfanilamide (SA) resistant strains decreas ed and that of penicillin (PC) resistant strains increased considerably.
Most of the strains, resistant to any macrolide antibi otics (erythromycin, oleandomycin, and leucomycin), chloramphenicol (CP), kanamycin (KM), and dimethoxyphenyl penicillin (DMP), were found to be also resistant to four drugs, SA, PC, SM and TC.
In contrast, most of the strains resistant to novob iocin (NB) could not be found in multiple-resistant strains, but in single SA resistant strains. Most of the strains resistant to new antibiotics belong either to Group I (including phage type 81) or to the non-typable Group in phage typing patterns.

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A total of 4 strains of organisms, i. e., 2 strains of Staphylococcus, 1 of E. coli and 1 of Enterococcus were determined for their susceptibilities to a series of 6 antibiotics at several research laboratories by single-disc method, three-disc method and 2-fold dilution method and the results then tabulated by Dr. KUWAHARA and Dr. FUJil at 13 th East Japan Congress of Chemotherapy. Statistical analysis of the data at the fiducial level of 95% were performed with the results as follows:
1) With the single-disc method, values for MIC on which the criteria for quantitative response (i. e., -, + etc. ) can be based are given, whereas, with three-disc method, no MICs are shown. In add ition, the interval between the upper and lower limit of criteria for quantitative response is substantially shorter with three-disc method than with single-disc method. Inasmuch as the two methods employ criteria for quantitative response not in common, it is of no import to attempt to institute a comparison of reproducibility of the data between the two.
2) No significant differences were found between th e mean values for MICs obtained by single-disc method and 2-fold dilution method, in 23 cases of all the 24 different combinations of bacteria with drugs studied. Moreover, in 22 cases of all the 24 combinations, mean values of MICs obtained by the single-disc method were found implicit in the fiducial limit of means of MICs by the 2-fold dilution. method, thereby stressing consistency between the two assay techniques. In one case, with significant difference, however, the discrepancy was assumed to be caused by the experimental errors in the dilution method from the results of the statistical analysis of the more numerous data further added.
3) Within the range of standard variances (theoretically 68% and the 95% confidencial range for assays by the 2-fold dilution method, 68. 5% and 95. 5% of a total of 191 parameters as obtained by the single-disc method were found existent respectively. It follows that the MIC values obtained by the single-disc method are conjectured to share their distribution practically in fairly common with those obtained by the 2-fold dilution method.
4) Analysis of variance revealed th e absence of significant differences between the two assay methods in 23 cases of the total of 24 different bacteria-drug combinations. In one case, variance for assays by the single-disc method was smaller than the one by the dilution method: the single-disc. method in this case had greater reproducibility. The results, therefore, in no way provided evidence in support of incapability of the single-disc method. to estimate MIC values obtained by the 2-fold dilution method. Conversely, the results indicate that advantage is implicit in the ability of the single-disc method with the simple procedure to conjecture fairly accurately the values to be obtained by the 2-fold dilution method which requires rather cumbersome procedure.

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1) Doses of 250 and 500 mg of MCI-PC were given by mouth or by intramuscular injection to some healthy volunteers to measure the blood levels. By intramuscular injection of 500 mg, the mean value of serum concentration was 13. 8 mcg/ml in 30 minutes, 12. 5 mcg/ml in 60 minutes and 1. 7 mcg/ml in 180 minutes. By oral administration of same dose, the highest value of concentration in serum was 4. 7 mcg/m1 in 1 of 5 subjects.
2) About 40% of t he amount of MCI-PC administration was excreted into the urine within 6 hours.
3) Minimum inhibitory concentration (M. I. C. ) of MCI-PC against 45 strains of penicillin-G resistant Staphylococcus aureus was 0. 4 mcg/ml and 0. 2 mcg/ml in the most occasion.
4) Twenty patients with respiratory tract infection by gram positive coccus were treated with MCIPC and all of them showed rapid clinical response.

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Effectiveness of the intramuscular or intraveneous injection therapy of lincomycin for the bacterial respiratory diseases and the other bacterial diseases (total 22 cases) was examined. The results of this therapy were high effective for lung abscess, bronchi ectasis or bacterial pneumonia and no effective for H. influenzal bronchiolitis. Finding from the drug resistance, lincomycin belonged to the leucomycin-spiramycin group, but not to the erythromycin and oleandomycin group. Relapsed case of Streptococcus viridans endocarditis receiving a large amount of penicillin thera py had cured with the schedule therapy which was penicillin 1, 000 x 104 units intravenous therapy following lincomycin 1, 200 mg intramuscular injection. Liver functions and blood pictures of this therapeutic cases were almost normal, except for one case with paralytic (Shibire) feeling of hands and legs.

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The antibacterial action of several kinds of Nitrof uran derivatives was studied, and the inactivating mechanism of the antibacterial actions of the derivatives was analysed, and the following results were obtained;
1) The antibacterial actions of the derivatives tested were all inactivated by the contact with the 876 CHEMOTHERAPY NOV. 1968 tissue homogenates. The inactivating actions were strong in order liver, kidney, adrenals, small intestine, spleen and lung, but that of the liver homogenate was remarkably powerful.
2) Almost parallel relationship was observed between the concentration of the liver homogenates and the furan derivatives.
3) By a nalyzing the inactivating factor of the liver homogenate, it was found that the factor was non-dializable, heat-stable and not effected by the treatment with methanol, ethanol or trypsin, but was almost inactivated by the treatment of chloroform or phenol and no more inactivating factor could be found in the supernatant treated with TCA.
4) Not a specific fraction could not be obtained by the separation with supercentrifugation of fractionation with ammonium sulfate.
5) Comparatively close relationship, but not completely parallel, was observed between the inactivating factor and SH-value of the tissue homogenate.

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In an attempt to investigate in detail the am photericin B content in the blood and various organs by intravenous and oral administrations, experiments using rabbits and the test strain, Candida albicans C-a-13 were performed and the following results were obtained.
A standard in vitro inhibition curve of amphotericin B against the growth of the test strain was obtained using the semisynthetic medium in terms of turbidity by means of electrophotometer. Based, on this curve, the antibiotic content in the blood and organs was determined as follows.
When administered the antibiotic at the rate of 1 mg/kg intravenously into the rabbits, the blood content reached the maximum of 2. 5 mcg/ml which exceeded the minimum inhibitory concentration in vitro, after 4 hours, henceforth keeping the level of around 1 mcg/ml for 10 hours long, and as to the content in the organs, the spleen was the highest in about 1. 5 mcg/g, came next the lung and kidney and the liver the lowest in the same grade.
In case of oral administration of the drug at the rate of 50: mg/kg, the blood level reached the maximum of O. 4 mcg/ml after 3-6 hours, reducing very slowly.
These results suggest that the intravenous administr ation of amphotericin B would be much more effective than its oral administration in systemic mycoses; however, in case of the latter application. its curative efficacy could not be always denied in view of maintenance of its partial inhibitory concentration in the blood for a relatively long period even by a single application.

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After ICHIKAWA presented preliminary report of bleomycin treatment of skin cancer in the 5th Congress of International Society of Chemotherapy (1967), he expanded clinical research with cooperation of various specialists and confirmed that bleomycin is effective not only skin cancer, but also for the, squamous cell carcinoma in various organs namely in tongue, gingiva, oral cavity, pharynx, larynx, maxilla, mandible, vulva, uterine cervix and so on. A few cases of improved carcinoma of lung, esophagus and peritoneum are reported. In this article excellent effects of bleomycin on skin cancer, including penile cancer, are described both clinically and histologically and furthermore, the effects on verrucosis cutis and condyloma acuminatum of penis are reported.

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