Drug resistance and biological properties of 870 strains of gram negative bacteria (GNB) were investigated. These strains were isolated in 1967 from patients at 13 hospitals.
The GNB strains included Escherichia coll. (43. 2 %), Escherichi a freundii (1. 0 %), Klebsielta ( 9. 4 %), Aerobacter (2. 2%), Proteus (14. 9%), Pseudomonas (24. 0%) and others (0. 8%). With special reference to four drugs, i. e., tetracycline (TC), chloramphenicol (CP), streptomycin (SM), and sulfanilamide (SA), 59. 6% of the tested strains were found to be singly or multiply resistant to these drugs and 80% of such resistant strains were multiply resistant. It was also found that multiple, especially quadruple resistance of these strains was accounted for by the presence of transmissible drug-resistance factor “R” in these strains. Resistance to other drugs than the aforementioned four drugs included KM (7. 4%), FRM (7. 7%), GM (0. 2%), AB-PC (26. 0%), CER (14. 0%), CET (13. 8%), CLS (23. 3%), CLM (23. 1%), PMB (23. 1%), NA (10. 9%) and FT (24. 7%), Relation between patterns of resistance to four (CP, TC, SM, SA) drugs and to others was investigated. It should be noted that resistance to KM and FRM was detected frequently among the quadruply (TC, CP, SM, SA) resistant strains and that resistance to CL and PMB from the sensitive strains.

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Trichomonas infection is one of the most common clinical problems that we encounter in the obstetrical and gynecological fields.
Although a number of anti-Trichomonas agents has been reported, their modes of action are not well clarified.
Schizogenesis of this protozoa is known to be very active. Therefore, we felt it worth-while to investigate the synthesis of nucleic acids in Trichomonas vaginalis and the possible interference With normal metabolic process by anti- Trichomonas agents.
In the present study, the incorporation rate of ¹⁴C-Adenine into DNA and RNA fractions was determined at specific intervals.
Fractionation of Trichomonas vaginalis was performed by two different methods, with high-speed centrifugal graduation and with methylated albumin column.
Then the effects of various anti- Trichomonas agents upon the incorporation of ¹⁴C-Adenine, ¹⁴C-Glycine and 32 into individual fractions were studied.
The resnits are summarized as followsr
1) Trichomonas vaginalis appears to hav e very active synthesic effects of nucleic acids.
2) Maximum incorporation of ¹⁴C-Adenine into the nucleic acid fractions of Trich omonas vaginalis was noted in 3 hours.
3) Trichomycin and azalomycin F did not demonstrate any appreciable effect upon nucleic acid metabolism ef Trichomonas vaginalis.
4) Metronidazole in this study showed marked inhibition effect of DNA synthesis in Trichomonas vaginalis, however RNA metabolism was not disturbed.

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Sensitivity of staphylococci, isolated from 76 cases of acute purulent mastitis treated with CP and surgical procedures, was studied. Three organisms were f ound to be responsible for acute purulent mastitis. Out of 79 strains isolated at the beginning of the treatment, 72 strains (91. 1%) were Staph. aur., 3 strains (3. 7%) Staph. epid., 4 strains (5. 2%) gram-negative becilli. Rates of resistant strains of Staph. aur. to PC-G, SM, CP, TC, EM and KM were 61. 1%, 19. 4%, 38. 3%/, 25. 0% 12. 5% and 5. 6%, respectively. The sensitivity of Staph. aur. to CP in the same case during CP administrat ion did not fluctuate in 35 cases out of 48, and it differed with that of staphylococci from the milk of the same site. Incised cases were classified by the incision-rates (incision length/abscess diameter). Bacterial counts in the pus decreased suddenly in cases of over 0. 5 incision-rate and gradually in under 0. 5. There was no evidence to show the difference between the two groups in the duration of secretion from the incised wound and many other clinical findings, unrelated the sensitivity of the organisms.

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Except for Fseudomonas, nalidixic acid is e ffective for all kinds of Gram-negative bacilli cultured from sputa, pus, pharyngeal swab, bile and urine. It is especially effective for bacteria which cause ureterogenital tract infection.
Observing the nalid ixic acid's pharmacological action based on its rapid clearance from the blood stream and secretion in the urine in the metabolized form against gram -negative bacilli, one may lik ely to assume that this 'is the chief factor of its clinical effectiveness against ureterogenital tract infection..
Theres ults of this clinical investigation will be given in other occasion.

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The therapeutic effect of acetyl-spiramycin (AC-SPM) on syphilis was examined and compared with that of control drugs, spiramycin (SPM), penicillin-V (PC-V) and erythromycin (EM), by using the rabbits experimentally infected with Treponema pallidum. Every drug was given orally to rabbits. The dosage of AC-SPM in this experiment was calculated from the usual dosage of PC-V for human adult; it was half of that of an analogous drug, SPM. Tte therapeutic effect was examined by three methods, i. e. macroscopic observation of lesions of the intracutaneous as well as the intratesticular infections and histopathological examination of the infected testicles. The results are as follows: In the rabbits, to the back of which T. pallidum was inoculated intracutaneously, AC-SPM exhibited therapeutic effects on syphilis papulosa as remarkable as SPM did, PC-V followed it, and EM had less therapeutic effect than those.
In tte intratesticular infection group, the same effect as in the intracutaneous infection group was obtained. The normalization of the swelling tisticles was most remarkable with SPM, which was followed by AC-SPM and PC-V, and the manifestation of the effect of EM was latest.
The histopathological findings were closely in parallel with the results of macroscopic observations and indicated that the testicular lesion was strikingly improved with SPM, which was followed by AC-SPM and PC-V.

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1. Chloramphenicol-glycinate(CP-G) which has been researched as a water soluble chloramphenicolester in Italy indicated the antibacterial activity as well as chloramphenicol (CP) in vitro to 20 strains of CP sensitive bacteria and to 12 strains of CP resistant staphylococci. Suitable condition of microdetermination method of CP-G was studied. 2. In the examination in vivo, CP-G reveales longer survival time than that of CP, when they are injected intramuscularly to mice infected with Diplococcus pneumonia III strain.

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Antibacterial activity of chloramphenicol-glycinate (CP-G) is due to that of chloramphenicol ( CP) liberated from CP-G by hydrolysis of ester-bond.
The rate of this hydrolysis correspon ds to pH value of solution. Contacted with whole blood, serum, or kidney homogenate, the hydrolysis was not accelerated, on the other hand, liver seems to have a little effect.
Blood level, organ distribution, urine excretion of CP-G are reasonable value as well as those of CP.

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Combined antimicrobial effect of lysozyme with some antibiotics on various gram-positive and gramnegative bacteria was tested. Lysozyme, when combined with colistin-M, inhibited bacterial growth most effectively. Staphylococcus aureus, which is resistant to both lysozyme and colistin, was found sensitive to the. mixture of the two drugs.
Combined effect of lysozyme with other drugs could be also found when the indicator strain was rather sensitive to lysozyme, inoculum size was small and incubation time was short.

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The experiment was done to obtain the basic data- for further large scale field trial of the sulfisomezole therapy in acute upper respiratory infections.
During the period of December 1962-A pril 1963, 153 adult cases with upper respiratory infection were studied.
In bacteriological examinations of throat swabs, hemolytic Streptococcus and Staphylococcus aureus were isolated in 36 (23. 5%) and 35 cases (22. 2%) and in control group of 110 healthy adults in 10. 0% and 10. 9% respectively.
Viral etiol ogy was revealed in 24(influenza A2 3, influenza B 1, adenovirus infection, 4, Coxsackie virus infection 5, Echovirus infection 12, rhinovirus infection was not tested) out of 140 cases examined.
Clinically, 153 cases were classified into common cold 103, bacterial pharyngitis 6, undifferentiated upper respiratory infection(URI) 33 and others 11. Sulfisomezole therapy (initial dose 2. 0 g and 1. 0 g every 12 hours thereafter) was started within 1 st or 2 nd day of illness and the symptoms and signs were checked everyday throughout the course of disease.
The frequency and duration of symptoms and s igns observed in common cold and URI were discussed with consideration of the bacteriological results.

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This paper is concerned with the side effects of mitomycin C on the iron metabolism in the bone marrow in regard to relationship between response of ferrokinetics and hematopoietic impairment produced by the intermittent mass administration of mitomycin C. Ferrokinetics both of 47 patients with gastric cancer and of 9 patients with gastroduodenal ulcer were studied after HUFF's method. Thirtytwo of 47 gastric cancer patients were received the intermittent intravenous administration of mitomycin C. The results obtained were summarized as follows:
1) Plasma iron 'disappearance time 1/2 ( PIDT 1/2) in the pat ients with gastroduodenal ulcer was about the same as that in the patients with resectable gastric cancer. There was shown a marked decline in the percentage of red cell utilization (% RCU) in the patients either with resectable or non -reset= table gastric cancer.,
2) Adinistra tion of mitomycin C 30 mg to 11 patients with resectable gastric cancer brought about significant decrease in PIDT 1/2; that is, it brought about a favorable response in the bone mar row.
3) Twenty-one patients with resectable gastric cancer given mitomycin C 60 mg were classif ied into three groups according to the changes in PIDT 1/2. In the increased group- shown a considerable increase (a twofold increase) in PIDT 1/2, there was a significant decrease in the leucocyte count as compared with the other two groups. The average age of the decrease group included 5 patients was younger than those in the other two groups; and a marked discrepancy in years between the decreased group and the other two groups was statistically shown. The magnitude of the leucocyte fall in the decreased group was definitely lesser than in the increased group. The magnitude of the leucocyte decrease in the unchangeable group of PIDT 1/2 was undoubtedly lesser than that in the increased group. The white blood cell count after mitomycin C 60 mg decreased in reverse proportion to the increase in PIDT 1/2.

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Laboratory and clinical studies of cephalexin (CEX) were conducted and the results were as the following:
1) The sensitivities to CEX of various bacterial species isolated from boils and other infectious diseases were investigated by heart infusion agar dilution method. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of CEX against Staphylococci ranged from 1. 56 to 12. 5 mcg/ml.
All of 3 strains of Proteus mirabilis were inhibited by 12. 5 mcg/m l. This drug was not sensitive to Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
2) The in vivo activities of CEX were studied on the subcutaneous abscess caused experimentally by 4 strains of Staphylococci in mice. For 3 strains of those which MIC of CEX was 6. 25 mcg/ml or less, therapeutic effects were observed, while CEX was not effective against one strain of which MIC was 12. 5 mcg/ml.
3) CEX was clinically applied to 20 cases of pyodermia and one case of syphilis. It was observed that CEX showed so remarkable effect to 2 cases of furuncle as that of cephaloridine therapy. But there were 2 cases that the daily administration of 2. 0 g of CEX had moderate effect, while that of 1. 0 g was not effective.
4) No ticeable side effect was not observed in this clinical trial.

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The mixtures of AB-PC and MN-PC were separated and assayed by means of a thin layer chromatographic method and bioautographic technique.
This method was applicable to the qua ntitative assaying of AB-PC and MN-PC in the blood and urine from human and dogs administered both penicillins simultaneously.

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