Experiments were carried out using rabbits. In order to study the influence of α-chymotrypsin to the concentration of penicillin in tissue, α-chymotrypsin and penicillin G (PC-G) were administered concomitantly and the concentration of PC-G into the experimental operative wound was measured with certain time interval. Histological study was also performed.
As far as the PC-G concentration in serum is concerned, it increased only when α-chymotrypsin was administered simultaneously with a dose of 60 to 250 times of usual human dose. Simultaneous administration seemed to be effective to increase the PC-G concentration in the inflammatory focus.
PC-G concentration in the inflammatory foci surrounding the operative wound, where there is circulatory impairment due to tissue damage, did not increase remarkably. However, histopathological study revealed the tendency to accelerate the healing process of inflammatory foci. Lymphatic vessels surrounding the inflammatory foci was proved to be dilated. It may play a certain role.
As α-chymotrypsin is considered to promote an infectious process, when it is administered in early stage of infection, it is essentially neccessary to administer appropriate antibiotics simultaneously, when α-chymotrypsin is used in this stage.

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Aminodeoxykanamycin (Kanendomycin, abbr. AKM) was administered to 68 orthopedical infections in 42 patients. The cases consisted mostly of pyogenic infections of bone and joint, both organs being the most important in the field of orthopedics. The results obtained were as follows.
AKM was administered intramuscularly in the daily dose of 200 mg-400 mg divided into 2 times or once, and it was also applied topically in the wound for the adequate cases. It was proved that the local concentrations of AKM relate closely to the treatment results.
The results obtained were remarkably effective in 28 cases, effective in 23 cases, slightly effective in 12 cases and ineffective in 5 cases.

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Basic studies on the combination of several antibiotics and proteolytic enzymes with special reference to proctase were carried out and the following results were obtained.
1. The growth of Staphylococcus aureus under the existence of some antibiotics was slighty more inhibited by adding proctase in initial stage.
2. The sensitivity of Staphylococcus aureus against some antibiotics was increased two to eight folds on the plate containing enzymes in few instances.
3. The inhibiting effect against abscess formation in the experimental Staphylococcus aureus infection was somewhat superior in the group with pre-treatment of various enzymes than the one without treatment.
4. The organ level of antibiotic in mice pre-treated with proctase was not so different from the control ones.

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Up to this time it was said that thiamphenicol, one of relatives of chloramphenicol, hereafter TP, was almost not metabolized in comparison with chloramphenicol. But it was found by means of chemical assay that its metabolites were relatively more excreted in the guinea pig bile. Accordingly, after TP were administered to guinea pig and rabbit, their bile and urine were examined by thin layer chromatography, β glucuronidase and synthesized derivatives of TP, its probable metabolites. As the result, its glucuronide and deacylated TP were found as its metabolites.

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Antibacterial activity of mikamycin was examined by using mikamycin AB complex, A and B. Five strains of staphylococci were isolated from fowl. Other strains, i. e., 353 strains of staphylococci and 23 strains of gram-negative rod bacteria, were isolated from clinical specimens of human being.
1) Antibacterial activity of mikamycin was very effective against staphylococci and was followed by Shigella and E. coli strains, but not effective against other gram-negative bacteria. Antibacterial activity of mikamycin AB complex was more effective than that of either mikamycin A or B.
2) It is known that many strains of staphylococci isolated from clinical sources are multiple-resistant to many antibacterial agents, but mikamycin was found to be not cross-resistant to such drugs.
3) Eight strains of staphylococci and 4 strains of E. coli were tested for their mutation frequency resistant to mikamycin. It was found that the mutation frequency of 11 strains was less than 10^-9, indicating very low frequency of mutation. Only one strain of S. aureus CH 91 exhibited 10^-7 mutation frequency, and the resistant mutants, obtained on either mikamycin A or B plate, were found to show cross resistance against each other.

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Hetacillin, a new derivative of 6-aminopenicillanic acid, has an antibacterial spectrum of activity similar to that of ampicillin. The efficacy of potassium hetacillin in the treatment of typhoid and paratyphoid carriers was tested in 7 cases and some clinical experiments were performed. The results obtained were as follows :
1) The MIC of potassium hetacillin against S. typhosa and paratyphosa isolated from carriers showed 0 39 to 0.78 mg/ml or 1.56 mcg/ml similar to ampicillin.
2) Two typhoid carriers and one paratyphoid A carrier who had not gallstone and one typhoid carrier who had gallstone were treated. with 3 to 4 g of potassium hetacillin daily in 3 or 4 divided doses orally for 14 to 21 days. Stool and bile cultures remained negative during a follow-up period of 1 to 6 months after treatment.
3) Two typhoid carriers and one paratyphoid B carrier with cholelithiasis treated with potassium hetacillin remained a therapeutic failure after a single or repeated course of therapy. Two of them were cured by cholecystectomy.
4) The serum and biliary levels of potassium hetacillin following a single oral administration of 500 to 750 mg of the drug showed 2 to 3 mcg/ml and 4 to 10 mcg/ml respectiyely, though varying significantly among individuals.
5) The antibacterial activity of potassium hetacillin in vitro against S. typhosa or paratyphosa was lower in bile than in bouillon, and the MBC of the drug in bile reached its MIC after 24 hours' action.
6) No significant side effect was observed in all patients.

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This study was attempted to estimate the renal clearance of dihydroxymethylfratrizine (FT) and the degree of clinical nephrotcxicity of FT.
1. Serum concentration of FT was sustained between 0.3 mcg/ml and 0.05 mcg/ml after oral admiistration of FT 3 g to 16 healthy persons.
2. Urinary concentration of VT exceeded 13.0 mcg/ml mostly in the subjects. 3. The renal clearance of FT was estimated at 287±52 ml/min. (average±S.D.) in healthy persons.
This result suggested that FT was excreted from renal tubule.
4. Oral administration of FT 1 g to the patients with renal diseases for 1 week (PSP excretion value was at least over 15% by 15 min.) caused no remarkable change in their PSP excretion value, urinary sediment and BUN.
This fact suggested that FT had no remarkable nephrotoxicity in clinical practice.

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