CHEMOTHERAPY
Online ISSN : 1884-5894
Print ISSN : 0009-3165
ISSN-L : 0009-3165
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Volume 19, Issue 2
Displaying 1-11 of 11 articles from this issue
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  • [title in Japanese]
    1971 Volume 19 Issue 2 Pages 73-101
    Published: March 25, 1971
    Released on J-STAGE: March 08, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11250/chemotherapy1953.19.73
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF ANAEROBES TO SULFAMETHOPYRAZINE
    KAZUE UENO, KEIU NINOMIYA, SHOICHIRO SUZUKI
    1971 Volume 19 Issue 2 Pages 102-105
    Published: March 25, 1971
    Released on J-STAGE: March 08, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11250/chemotherapy1953.19.102
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    A total of 82 strains of recently isolated anaerobes, i. e. Peptococcus, Peptostreptococcus, Veillonella, Bacteroides, Sphaerophorus, Fusobacterium, Cillobacterium, Corynebacterium and Clostridium, were tested for their in vitro susceptibility to sulfamethopyrazine, sulfamethizole, sulfisomezole and sulfamonomethoxine by a plate dilution method.
    For almost all species of tested anaerobes, sulfamethopyrazine was more effective than sulfamethizole, sulfisomezole or sulfamonomethoxine. In infections with Sphaerophorus necrophorus in mice, sulfamethopyrazine was found to show better therapeutic effect than other sulfamin derivatives.
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  • METHODS OF SENSITIVITY TEST TO CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC AGENTS IN ANAEROBES
    KEIU NINOMIYA, SUNAO KOSAKA, KAZUE UENO, SHOICHIRO SUZUKI
    1971 Volume 19 Issue 2 Pages 106-110
    Published: March 25, 1971
    Released on J-STAGE: March 08, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11250/chemotherapy1953.19.106
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    Lately interests in anaerobic infections are so growing that the knowledge of methods of sensitivity tests of anaerobes are needed. The culture media, the volume per one petri dish, the period of incubation, the size of inoculum, and other cultural conditions were examined and the following results were obtained.
    1) The longer the incubation time was, the lower the titer of sensitivity was found.
    2) No effect of blood in the medium was observed in the sensitivity test to kanamycin. However, cysteine hydrochloride and natrium thioglycollate were found to have strong effects to decrease anti-bacterial activity of kanamycin.
    3) Good correlations were found between the values obtained by disk method (20 ml of medium and one day incubation) and those by agar plate dilution methods.
    4) The inoculum size of 106-104 viable cells per ml was found to produce the minimum change in sensitivity values.
    5) The authors emphasized one should be very careful about the cultural conditions in the sensitivity tests of anaerobes as in the case of aerobes.
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  • ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF METRONIDAZOLE AGAINST ANAEROBIC BACTERIA
    KAZUO UENO, KEIU NINOMIYA, SHOICHIRO SUZUKI
    1971 Volume 19 Issue 2 Pages 111-114
    Published: March 25, 1971
    Released on J-STAGE: March 08, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11250/chemotherapy1953.19.111
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    A total of 75 strains of recently isolated anaerobic bacteria from clinical materials, i. e. Peptococcus, Peptostreptococcus, Veillonella, Bacteroides, Sphaerophorus, Fusubacterium, Clostridium perfringens, Clostridium novyi and Clostridium tetani, were tested for their in vitro susceptibility to metronidazole by a plate dilution method.
    Exception for Peptostreptococcus, metronidazole was highly active against anaerobic bacteria, i. e. Peptococcus, Veillonella, Bacteroides, Shaerophorus, Fusobacterium, Cl. perfringens, Cl. novyi and Cl. tetani, and its minimum inhibition concentration was each about 0.7-6.2 mcg/ml. Metronidazole was inactive against Peptostreptococcus and Staphylococcus aureus (209 P).
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  • ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF THIAMPHENICOL AGAINST ANAEROBES
    KAZUE UENO, KEIU NINOMIYA, FUMISHIGE OTANI, TAKASHI KOZAKA, SHOICHIRO ...
    1971 Volume 19 Issue 2 Pages 115-118
    Published: March 25, 1971
    Released on J-STAGE: March 08, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11250/chemotherapy1953.19.115
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    The antibacterial activity of thiamphenicol in vitro was studied on numerous strains of different species of pathogenic anaerobes.
    The genera Peptococcus, Peptostreptococcus, Veillonella, Bacteroides, Sphaerophorus, Fusobacterium, Corynebacterium, Cillobacterium, Cl. perfringens and Cl. tetani are very sensitive to thiamphenicol (Table 1).
    Thiamphenicol showed a high degree of curative or suppressive activity against the infections caused by Sphaerophorus necrophorus (Tables 2 and 3).
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  • PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF PLACENTAL LYSOZYME ON ENDOTOXIN SHOCK
    TADAKAZU SUYAMA, KEN-ICHI IZAKA
    1971 Volume 19 Issue 2 Pages 119-124
    Published: March 25, 1971
    Released on J-STAGE: March 08, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11250/chemotherapy1953.19.119
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    Lysozyme preparation extracted from human placenta was evaluated for ability to influence shock lethality induced by various gram-negative bacterial endotoxins.
    (1) Experimental endotoxemia were produced in male mice by the intraperitoneal injection of bacterial lipopolysaccharides in such amounts that 80 to 90% of mortality was caused in the control group (without lysozyme treatment). The pretreatment of lysozyme (75mg/kg/day for 3 days, intramuscularly injections) reduced the mortality level to 20% in Salmonella enteritidis endotoxemia, to 20% in Salmonella typhi-murium endotoxemia, and to 10% in Shigella fiexneri endotoxemia. Whereas the pretreatment of human gamma globulin did not alleviate the mortality induced by these endotoxins.
    (2) While the lysozyme reduced the toxicity of E. coli endotoxin in vitro, pretreatment of mice with lysozyme did not significantly influence shock lethality, only reducing the mortality level to 20% when non-treated group showed 40% of mortality.
    (3) Minimum effective dose of lysozyme against S. flexneri endotoxin shock in mice was found to be approximately 5mg/kg intramuscular injection from the result of dose-response relationship.
    (4) Rat endotoxemia was also protected by lysozyme pretreatment.
    The results obtained here may implicate a role for lysozyme in the physiological defense against endotoxemia.
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  • ANTIVIRAL ACTION OF 1.2-BIS [5 (or 6) -METHOXY-2-BENZIMIDAZOLYL] 1.2-ETHANEDIOL ON POLIOVIRUS
    SUMIYUKI AKIHAMA, KATSUO SATO
    1971 Volume 19 Issue 2 Pages 125-128
    Published: March 25, 1971
    Released on J-STAGE: March 08, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11250/chemotherapy1953.19.125
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    The mechanism of the antiviral action of 1, 2-bis [5 (or 6) -methoxy-2-benzimidazolyl] 1, 2-ethanediol (BMBID) was investigated using the poliovirus-HeLa S8 cell system. The compound has no direct inactivating effect on virus infectivity, nor does it inhibit adsorption of virus to cells. Under conditions of a single cycle of multiplication, BMBID at 35.4 mcg/ml (0.1 mM) concentration inhibits virus reproduction when added at the time of virus inoculation, but it was ineffective when the host cells were treated for 24 hours before infection.
    The BMBID-resistant poliovirus was not obtained from serial passages in BMDID-containing medium, and also BMBID inhibits the multiplication both of 2- (α-hydroxybenzyl) benzimidazole (HBB) -resistant and guanidine-resistant poliovirus.
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  • COMBINATION THERAPY WITH TWO SEMI-SYNTHETIC PENICILLINS (AMPICILLIN AND DICLOXACILLIN) HAVING DIFFERENT ACTIONS
    MAKOTO OFUJI, NORIO OGAWA
    1971 Volume 19 Issue 2 Pages 129-132
    Published: March 25, 1971
    Released on J-STAGE: March 08, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11250/chemotherapy1953.19.129
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    Ten patients ranging in ages of 5 to 60 with various infections such as pyelocystitis, acute bronchitis, cholecystitis, cholelithiasis, pneumonia, meningitis (diabetes insipidus), pericarditis and myeloma were treated with Cilleral (ampicillin) 1, 000 mg daily in 4 divided doses orally or intramuscularly in 2 divided doses and Clocil (dicloxacillin) 500 mg daily in 4 divided doses orally. The doses were reduced to one-half for children. The duration of administration ranged from 7 to 15 days. The efficacy of treatment was judged by fever, subjective symptoms and laboratory findings.
    This combination therapy was markedly effective in 3 cases, effective in 4 and not effective in 3. In the effective cases the efficacy was observed in several days with fever and other symptoms sub- siding.
    There were no side effects. When considering the problem of infection by resistant staphylococci the combination of penicillin for resistant staphylococci with a broad spectrum penicillin has a significant meaning.
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  • CLINICAL EVALUATION OF DICLOXACILLIN IN ORAL SURGERY
    TAKESHI KATSUKI
    1971 Volume 19 Issue 2 Pages 133-137
    Published: March 25, 1971
    Released on J-STAGE: March 08, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11250/chemotherapy1953.19.133
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    A new semi-synthetic, penicillinase resistant penicillin, dicloxacillin was orally administered for many types of oral infections and prophylactically for the postoperatives, during five months in 1968.
    Cases of oral pyogenic infections were 37 and those of postoperatives were 7. To these 44 cases, dicloxacillin capsules were given 500-1, 000 mg per day, every 6 hours for 1-16 days. Its clinical effectiveness was evaluated chiefly from the improvement of signs and from the frequency of untoward reactions. The former was found in 80% of total cases, and the latter in none. Precise evaluation would be difficult from these results, as the bacteriological examinations had not been done in this trial.
    The greater parts of causative microorganisms in oral infections were gram positive cocci, in which there were many, β-lactamase producing organism. Dicloxacillin was resistant to penicillinase, and its oral administration gave the high level of blood concentration and few allergic side effects. It will be, therefore, advisable to treat oral infections by dicloxacillin.
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  • RESISTANCE PATTERNS OF STAPHYLOCOCCI FROM FOWL FED WITH DAIRY PRODUCTS CONTAINING MIKAMYCIN
    TOKUMITSU TANAKA, KEN WATANABE, NOBUTAKA OSAWA, SUSUMU MITSUHASHI
    1971 Volume 19 Issue 2 Pages 138-141
    Published: March 25, 1971
    Released on J-STAGE: March 08, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11250/chemotherapy1953.19.138
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    Staphylococcus aureus strains were isolated from each 198 and 250 chickens at 2 different farms which are geographically dispersed. All chickenes were fed with dairy products containing 0.088 mg unit mikamycin per 100 g food. Distribution pattern of mikamycin-resistance in 1, 285 strains isolated was found to be almost the same in each farm and the isolation frequency of the strains resistant to 1.6 μg/ml of mikamycin was highest.
    Similarly, the isolation frequency of the resistance to mikamycin was compared in chickens fed with dairy products containing mikamycin of either usual (0.088 mg unit/100 g food) or 100-fold usual concentration. Distribution patterns of mikamycin-resistance in both groups were found to be almost the same; they are quite similar to that of control group without mikamycin. These results led us to the conclusion that the fowl fed with dairy products containing mikamycin did not excrete staphylococcal strains resistant to mikamycin as examined so far. These results were also coincident with those that the isolation of in vitro developed strains resistant to mikamycin was quite difficult.
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  • RENAL CLEARANCE OF SODIUM COUSTIN METHANESULFONATE IN NORMALS AND PATIENTS WITH RENAL DISEASES
    “A guide for the dose schedule in patients with impaired renal function”
    TAKESHI SHIRAI, MASAYUKI TAKASUGI, AKIHIKO KITAMURA, HIROAKI MINODA, H ...
    1971 Volume 19 Issue 2 Pages 142-146
    Published: March 25, 1971
    Released on J-STAGE: March 08, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11250/chemotherapy1953.19.142
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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