CHEMOTHERAPY
Online ISSN : 1884-5894
Print ISSN : 0009-3165
ISSN-L : 0009-3165
Volume 26, Issue 2
Displaying 1-12 of 12 articles from this issue
  • KEIICHI NAKAGAWA, JUNZABURO KABE, KENTARO WATANABE, NORIO KIHARA, MASA ...
    1978 Volume 26 Issue 2 Pages 123-166
    Published: March 25, 1978
    Released on J-STAGE: March 08, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The clinical effectiveness and safety of T-1220 (Piperacillin) and ABPC (Ampicillin) were compared in this randomized, double-blind multi-clinical study of 297 patients with respiratory tract infections. Patients were assigned to treatment with either 4g/day of T-1220 or 2g/day of ABPC by drip infusion for 7 to 14 days.
    The results obtained were as follows :
    1. Two hundreds and twenty-eight patients were selected for evaluation by committee members. Among these patients, 117 were treated with T-1220 and 111 were treated with ABPC.
    Each number of patients administered either T-1220 or ABPC was 35 and 33 in bacterial pneumonia, 28 and 22 in mycoplasmal pneumonia, 16 and 10 in primary atypical pneumonia (PAP), and 38 and 46 in chronic respiratory tract infections, respectively.
    2. On the other hand, two hundreds and fifty-eight patients were selected, excepting that was remarkably against the rule, the number of cases adopted as able as possible by doctors in charge. Among these patients, 127 were treated with T-1220 and 131 were treated with ABPC.
    Each number of patients administered either T-1220 or ABPC was 65 and 50 in bacterial pneumonia, and 40 and 53 in chronic respiratory tract infections, respectively.
    3. The overall clinical efficacy rate (excellent and good results) in all cases adopted by committee members was 65. 8% in T-1220 group and 58. 6% in ABPC group, respectively.
    In the cases of bacterial pneumonia the efficacy rate was 77.2% in T-1220 group and 60.6% in ABPC group. The effectiveness in T-1220 group was significantly to that in ABPC group. In the cases of chronic respiratory tract infections the efficacy rate was 67.5% in T-1220 group and 47.2% in ABPC group.
    4. The overall clinical efficacy rate in all cases adopted by doctors in charge was 71.7% in T-1220 group and 53.4% in ABPC group, respectively. The effectiveness in T-1220 group was significantly to that in ABPC group.
    In the cases of bacterial pneumonia the efficacy rate was 81.5% in T-1220 group and 64.0% in ABPC group. In the cases of chronic respiratory tract infections the efficacy rate was 67.5% in T-1220 group and 47.2% in ABPC group. The effectiveness in T-1220 group was significantly to that in ABPC group for both diseases.
    5. T-1220 showed an excellent effect for improvement of symptoms and findings of chest roentgenogram, cough and volume of sputum in bacterial pneumonia, and dyspnea, chest pain, rales and cyanosis in chronic respiratory tract infections. The results obtained in T-1220 group was significantly to that in ABPC group.
    6. No significant difference was observed in the frequency of side effect between both groups. 7. From the results obtained in all the patients, the utility of T-1220 was considered to be significantly to that of ABPC. In particular, the utility of T-1220 against bacterial pneumonia and chronic respiratory tract infections was judged to be superior to that of ABPC.
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  • KEIZO MATSUMOTO, KIWAO WATANABE, YOSHIO UZUKA, HIROSHI SUZUKI, YUKIO N ...
    1978 Volume 26 Issue 2 Pages 167-174
    Published: March 25, 1978
    Released on J-STAGE: March 08, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    MICs against respiratory pathogenic H. influenzae were measured by the agar plate dilution method. The inoculum size 106/ml was easier to evaluate the growth of the organisms than in the case of the inoculum size 108/ml. The treatment in accordance with the results obtained by the former method was reasonable from the clinical standpoint.
    Regarding the stability and transparency of the medium plate in the measurement of MICs against H. influenzae, the modified FILDES agar plate was superior to blood agar plate and chocolate agar plate. MIC values of 20 antibiotics against 80 to 83 strains of respiratory pathogenic H. influenzae were measured. The comparison of the MIC value against H. influenzae was as follows : Piperacillin<Ampicillin≤Amoxycillin, Carbenicillin, Ticarcillin, Apalcillin, Sulbenicillin<Chloramphenicol≤Thiamphenicol≅Doxycycline, Minocycline≅Gentamicin≅Nalidixic acid≤Erythromycin<Cephalothin<Clindamycin≅Cefatrizine≤Cefazolin≅Cephalexin≅Flucloxacillin.
    Six strains of H. influenzae from England resistant to Ampicillin showed rapid increase of MIC values by the increase of inoculum size. On the other hand, recently isolated 3 strains moderately resistant to Ampicillin did not show such a phenomenon, but they revealed a decrease of MIC value by the repetition of generation.
    Most of 84 strains were defined to be nontypable in serotype.
    H. influenzae could survive for more than 3 weeks either at room temperature or at 4°C in the deep blood agar.
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  • KYUHEI TANAKA, HIROSHI NAKANO, HIROMI NIHIRA
    1978 Volume 26 Issue 2 Pages 175-180
    Published: March 25, 1978
    Released on J-STAGE: March 08, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    On 6 patients with reduced renal function, single dose study that was administered 100 mg of doxycycline and multiple dose study that was administered 100 mg daily for 7 days by the route of intravenous drip infusion were carried out. The patients were divided into 2 groups according to their renal function; in the moderate renal dysfunction group (5 patients) their endogenous creatinine clearance were between 30 and 60 ml/mm. and in the severe renal dysfunction (one patient) that was under 30ml/mm.
    After 100mg dosing, the mean serum peak levels were 2.33μg/ml in moderate renal dysfunction group and 3.40μg in severe renal dysfunction respectively. After multiple dosing the drug tended to accumulate in severe renal dysfunction, and the mean serum peak level on 7 th day were 2.96μg/ml in moderate renal dysfunction group and 6.60μg/ml in severe renal dysfunction, respectively. The mean time of half life in single dose study was 4.9 hours, and in multiple dose study those were 7.0 hours in moderate renal dysfunction group and 34.1 hours in severe renal dysfunction, respectively.
    The mean peak urine levels were 18.6μg/ml for single dose study in moderate renal dysfunction group, and those were 0.6μg/ml and 3.8μg/ml in severe renal dysfunction, respectively.
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  • The Recent State in Hamamatsu
    KAN TANAKA, REIKO KAWAI, KEIKO SHIOMI, MASAAKI IWANAGA, KAZUMINE KOBAR ...
    1978 Volume 26 Issue 2 Pages 181-187
    Published: March 25, 1978
    Released on J-STAGE: August 17, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Antimicrobial activities as MIC of various antibiotics against clinically isolated strains in Hamamatsu Medical Center in 1976 were examined. Comparing it with the activities in previous, the change of bacterial sensitivities possibly proportional to the drug consumption and characteristics of sensitivity-pattern in this district was seen.
    In the strains which showed +++ sensitivity in disc method test, there were many strains which had to be clinically resistant.
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  • ITS VIRULENCE AND EXPERIMENTAL PNEUMONIA IN THE MOUSE
    TOSHIHARU MATSUSHIMA, YOSHIHIKO TANO, RINZO SOEJIMA
    1978 Volume 26 Issue 2 Pages 188-194
    Published: March 25, 1978
    Released on J-STAGE: March 08, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Virulence of Serratia marcescens in mature female mouse, and infection of Serratia to the mouse lung, were studied. Serratia isolated from urine and sputum of patients, showed low virulence for the monse when injected intraperitoneally. Lethal dose for mature female mouse were about 108 bacilli in most strains of Serratia marcescens, and about 106 bacilli in S7 strain with strongest virulence.
    As a large dose of Serratia 1006 strain inoculated transnasally to the lung of the mouse, numbers of bacilli in intact lung were decreased day by day, and no bacilli were recovered in the lung 7 days after inoculation. Pneumonia were not established by transnasal aspiration of Serratia even in pretreated mouse with polyvinylpyrrolidone, cyclophosphamide, or corticosteroids. Only terminal infection to tumor-bearing mouse with intraperitoneal transplantation of EHRLICH ascites tumor cells, typical pneumonia was established by transnasal aspiration of Serratia 1006 strain
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  • MASARU NASU, KATSUHIKO SAWATARI, MASAO NAKATOMI, NTOBUOKI MORI, ATSUSH ...
    1978 Volume 26 Issue 2 Pages 195-199
    Published: March 25, 1978
    Released on J-STAGE: March 08, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of Sulfamethoxazole (SMX), Trimethoprim (TMP) and Sulfamethoxazole-Trimethoprim (SMX-TMP 20 : 1) were determined using 216 strains of Serratia marcescens, 141 strains of Proteus species (Proteus mirabilis 52, Proteus vulgaris 20, Proteus rettgeri 16, Proteus morganii 42 and Proteus inconstans 11) isolated from various clinical materials submitted to our Laboratory during the period 1974 to 1975.
    Methods of susceptibility testing for SMX-TMP recommended by the Ad Hoc committee of the Japan Society of Chemotherapy for MIC testing methods for SMX and TMP were applied to the determinations of MIC of TMP and SMX-TMP. MIC of SMX was tested using D. S. T. agar (Oxoid) without adding lysed horse blood. The reults were as follows.
    1) MICs of SMX against all strains tested were more than 100μg/ml.
    2) Seventy percent of 216 S. marcescens strains was inhibited by TMP at concentrations of less than 3.13μg/ml. Also 70 percent of 141 Proteus species was inhibited at MICs ranging from 3. 13 to 25μg/ml with only slight differences according to species.
    3) Synergic action was found in SMX-TMP ; 70 percent of 216 S. marcescens strains was inhibited by an MIC of less than 25μg/ml of SMX-TMP (concentration of TMP was less than 1.2μg/ml). Proteus species were inhibited by MIC ranging from 6. 25 to 25μg/ml (concentration of TMP was from 0.3 to 1.2μg/ml) except that Proteus rettgeri and Pr. inconstans were more resistant to SMX-TMP.
    4) MICs of SMX-TMP and TMP alone against pigment producing Serratia marcescens strains were lower than those of pigment negative strains.
    5) The resistant strains tended to be isolated frequently from urine specimens.
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  • ANTITUMOR ACTIVITY OF FD-1 BY THE ORAL ADMINISTRATION
    NORIO UNEMI, SETSUO TAKEDA, KENJI KITASATO, MOTOYOSHI KAJIHAR, SETSURO ...
    1978 Volume 26 Issue 2 Pages 200-208
    Published: March 25, 1978
    Released on J-STAGE: March 08, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The antitumor activity of 1, 3-Bis (tetrahydro-2-furanyl) -5-fluoro-2, 4-pyrimidinedione (FD-1) was compared with that of 1- (2-Tetrahydrofuryl) -5-fluorouracil (FT) or 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) in a number of tumor systems.
    FD-1 had significant activity against the solid forms but not the ascitic forms, and it produced a greater inhibition in tumor growth than FT. On AH 130 solid form, the therapeutic index (LD50/ED50) of FD-1 and FT were respectively 18. 3 and 10.6.
    FD-1 was evaluated against the ip and sc implanted L 1210 leukemia by single, intermittent or daily administration. FD-1 retained some degree of antileukemic activity against the ic implanted L 1210.
    No significant difference in antitumor activity was observed between the R and S isomers or the racemic mixture (FD-1).
    A higher activity of FD-1 compared to FT was possibly due to the increased 5-FU level in tumor through its metabolite, 3- (tetrahydro-2-furanyl) -5-fluoro-2, 4-pyrimidinedione (3-FT).
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  • Animal Experiments with Isoniazid-Resistant Tubercle Bacilli
    KYUGO SUZUKI, AKIHIKO NAKAMURA, SHIGERU TAKAKI, TOSHIMI ITO
    1978 Volume 26 Issue 2 Pages 209-215
    Published: March 25, 1978
    Released on J-STAGE: March 08, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    1. After subcultures of isoniazid-susceptible tubercle bacilli on the media with isoniazid at various concentrations it was possible to isolate variants having low degree of resistance to the drug with and without attenuation of virulence. The latter was isolated by subcultures on the media containing isoniazid at low concentration, while the former was isolated by subcultures on the media containing isoniazid at relatively high concentrations.
    2. When the virulent tubercle bacilli having low degree of resistance to isoniazid were subcultured on a media with isoniazid at moderate concentration, the variant having relatively high resistance to the drug was isolated without marked attenuation of virulence.
    3. It was proposed that isoniazid concentration in the environment, in which tubercle bacilli grow, at the initiation of the isoniazid administration affects the virulence of isoniazid-resistant variants.
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  • Presumption from Peroxidase Reaction of Isoniazid-Resistant Tubercle Bacilli
    KYUGO SUZUKI, TOSHIMI ITO
    1978 Volume 26 Issue 2 Pages 216-220
    Published: March 25, 1978
    Released on J-STAGE: March 08, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    From the mode of peroxidase reaction of tubercle bacilli in sputum specimens of the patients with pulmonary tuberculosis having been administered isoniazid, an attempt to presume the penetrability of isoniazid into the lesion was made. In case that the initial concentration of isoniazid in the growth environment of tubercle bacilli is very low, even if the bacilli become resistant to isoniazid, peroxidase reaction of the bacilli hardly becomes negative. This phenomenon utilized in this study.
    The number of cases in which bacilli resistant to no less than 0. 3 Pg/ml of isoniazid were negative to peroxidase reaction was 11, and in 10 cases out of them, the period from the onset of the disease to the beginning of isoniazid administration was less than 12 months. Among them, all of which roentgenologic type of lesion at the beginning of isoniazid administration was known were infiltrating-caseous type, without cavity or having cavity with non-sclerotic wall.
    The number of cases in which bacilli resistant to not less than 0.3μg/ml of isoniazid showed positive peroxidase reaction was 15, and in 10 cases out of them, the period from the onset of the disease to the beginning of isoniazid administration was more than 12 months. And the cases in which roentgenological type of lesion at the beginning of isoniazid administration was known were, except one case, all fibrocaseous type, without cavity or having cavity with sclerotic wall.
    In spite of the fact that the period from the onset of the disease to the beginning of isoniazid administration was less than 12 months, in 3 cases out of 5 cases of which peroxidase reaction was positive, the blood level of biologically active isoniazid was low.
    Therefore, in case that the modes and doses of administration of isoniazid were kept same, it is thought that the most important factor affecting the penetrability of isoniazid into the lesion lies in whether the lesion is new or old, and the rate of inactivation of isoniazid could also be a factor.
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  • 1978 Volume 26 Issue 2 Pages 221-282
    Published: March 25, 1978
    Released on J-STAGE: March 08, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • 1978 Volume 26 Issue 2 Pages 283a
    Published: 1978
    Released on J-STAGE: March 08, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • 1978 Volume 26 Issue 2 Pages 283b
    Published: 1978
    Released on J-STAGE: March 08, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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