CHEMOTHERAPY
Online ISSN : 1884-5894
Print ISSN : 0009-3165
ISSN-L : 0009-3165
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Volume 36, Issue 2
Displaying 1-6 of 6 articles from this issue
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  • EFFECT OF FOSFOMYCIN ON AUDITORY ORGANS FOLLOWING APPLICATION INTO THE MIDDLE EAR CAVITY
    MASARU KUREBE, MASAYUKI YOKOTA, KYOICHI SAKAMOTO
    1988 Volume 36 Issue 2 Pages 87-96
    Published: February 25, 1988
    Released on J-STAGE: August 04, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11250/chemotherapy1953.36.87
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    Male guinea pigs were given 0.1 ml of 0.5, 1, 2, 3 or 5% fosfomycin (FOM) solution daily for 5 days into the middle ear cavity through the artificially perforated ear drum. Kanamycin (KM, 2 or 5%), fradiomycin (FRM, 5%), chloramphenicol (CP, 0.5%), solvent for FOM and saline were used as controls or solvents. Four animals in each group were sacrificed under pentobarbital anesthesia to isolate the cochlea 10 days after the final application. The cochlea was washed with 0.1 M phosphate buffer (pH 7.0), then fixed with 2.5% glutaraldehyde and 1% osmic acid. Cochlear specimens were prepared by the standard method for scanning electron microscopy, which was focused on the damage to Corti's organ, especially the degeneration of the cilia of outer and inner hair cells.
    No remarkable changes in Corti's organ were present in any of the FOM solution (0.5-5%)-dosed animals, CP (0.5%)-dosed animals, saline and solvent for FOM-dosed animals, but some damage in outer and inner hair cells of each of the FRM (5%), KM (2%) or KM (5%)-dosed groups, such as deformation or loss of the auditory hairs in hair cells. These results suggest that 0.5-5% FOM and 5% CP solutions exert no toxic effect on cochlear hair cells in guinea pigs, but 5% FRM and 2-5% KM solutions induce slight changes in Corti's organ.
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  • AN EXPERIMENTAL MENINGITIS MODEL IN RATS USING STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE TYPE III
    OSAMU KASUGA, KATO TANI, KAZUO SHIBATA, NOBUO ISHII, SATOSHI OKUNO, YO ...
    1988 Volume 36 Issue 2 Pages 97-102
    Published: February 25, 1988
    Released on J-STAGE: August 04, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11250/chemotherapy1953.36.97
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    An experimental meningitis model in rats was prepared by intracisternal inoculation with 1×105 CFU/rat of Streptococcus pneumoniae type III. The rats began to die 2 days after infection and all had died within 5 days. Bacterial cell counts in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of the infected rats were always higher than those in blood until immediately before death. Biochemical analysis of the infected CSF revealed that the number of migrated polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMN) and the total protein level increased significantly, whereas the glucose level decreased.In the infected rats, extravasation of inflammatory cells consisting mainly of PMN was observed in the subarachnoid space of the cerebrum, cerebellum, medulla oblongata, and spinal cord by histological examination. Accordingly, this is considered a fatal S. pneumoniae meningitis model in rats.
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  • THERAPEUTIC EFFECT AND PENETRATION INTO CEREBROSPINAL FLUID OF ASPDXICILLIN IN EXPERIMENTAL STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE MENINGITIS IN RATS
    OSAMU KASUGA, KATO TANI, KAZUO SHIBATA, NOBUO ISHII, SATOSHI OKUNO, YO ...
    1988 Volume 36 Issue 2 Pages 103-108
    Published: February 25, 1988
    Released on J-STAGE: August 04, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11250/chemotherapy1953.36.103
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    The therapeutic effect, bactericidal activity and penetration into cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of aspoxicillin (ASPC) were compared with those of ampicillin (ABPC), mezlocillin (MZPC) and piperacillin (PIPC) in an experimental meningitis model caused by Streptococcus pneumonia. type III in rats.
    By a single intravenous injection 24 hours after infection, three of the penicillins exhibited doserelated efficacy, except PIPC. Of these, ASPC was most effective. These penicillins also showed bactericidal activity in CSF in a dose-related manner. A dose of 20mg/kg, ABPC, MZPC and PIPC showed re-growth of bacteria in CSF 24 hours after administration, but this was not observed after ASPC.
    The concentrations of these penicillins in CSF of infected rats were higher than those in uninfected controls. The penetration into CSF was significantly increased by bacterial infection. Of these penicillins, ASPC had the highest penetration into the infected CSF.
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  • FUNGAL INFECTIONS IN SURGERY
    CANDIDA SEPSIS CURED BY MICONAZOLE
    TOSHINAO INOUE, YASUYUKI KAWACHI, KAZUROU TAKEMURA, YOSHIO MISHIMA
    1988 Volume 36 Issue 2 Pages 109-114
    Published: February 25, 1988
    Released on J-STAGE: August 04, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11250/chemotherapy1953.36.109
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    In recent years, there has been an increase in the incidence of fungal infection, one of the opportunistic infections resulting from the use of broad spectrum antibiotics or anticancer agents, corticosteroids and immunosuppressive agents. Fungal sepsis is a frequent complication of severe underlying diseases, and has an extremely poor prognosis.
    We have lately encountered seven cases of fungal sepsis. Five were complicated by DIC or MOF and terminated fatally, but the others were cured by treatment with an imidazole antifungal agent, miconazole. We present the two cured cases, and report the current status of fungal infection of ter surgery.
    Of the two cured cases, one is a 69-year-old woman with advanced, inoperable gastric cancer who had suffered repeatedly from aspiration pneumonia and biliary tract infection. Another suffered from abdominal infection after surgery for gastric cancer. Both were medicated intermittently with antibiotics, before being attacked by remittent fever exceeding 39°C.C. tropicalis was isolated from blood cultures. After the patients were given miconazole, the temperature returned to normal in 3 days, and blood cultures turned negative.
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  • [title in Japanese]
    1988 Volume 36 Issue 2 Pages 115-131
    Published: February 25, 1988
    Released on J-STAGE: August 04, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11250/chemotherapy1953.36.115
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • [title in Japanese]
    1988 Volume 36 Issue 2 Pages 132-161
    Published: February 25, 1988
    Released on J-STAGE: August 04, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11250/chemotherapy1953.36.132
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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