Japanese Journal of Chemotherapy
Online ISSN : 1884-5886
Print ISSN : 1340-7007
ISSN-L : 1340-7007
Volume 43, Issue 4
Displaying 1-11 of 11 articles from this issue
  • Toshimichi Furuya, Keisuke Toyama, Gohta Masuda, Tsuyoshi Yamaguchi
    1995 Volume 43 Issue 4 Pages 411-415
    Published: April 25, 1995
    Released on J-STAGE: August 04, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    When aztreonam (AZT) acted on gram-negative rods in liquid culture (1 ml macrodilution method and 0.1ml microdilution method), remarkable filament formation was observed. This filament formation significantly affected the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) results obtained by a broth method. The strains used were Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter spp., Serratia marcescens and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and the following results were obtained.
    (1) Assuming that the precipitates formed in the test tubes by the broth dilution method were due to an increase in CFUs, the MICs were markedly higher than those obtained by the agar method. The precipitates were observed in a significant proportion of the strains.
    (2) When the precipitates at the bottom of the test tube were microscopically examined, prominent filament formation was found.
    (3) Cell counting in the broth was periodically performed, and it was found that the test tube in which precipitates were observed at the bottom but on turbidity was seen in the upper broth showed no increase in cell count. Thus, it was determined that the precipitates were not due to an increase in cell number.
    (4) After confirming that the precipitates at the bottom of the test tube were filaments, MICs were measured by the broth method using only the turbidity of the supernatant as a marker. The value obtained was lower than that obtained including the precipitates, which was about the same as the MIC obtained by the agar method.
    From the above results, it was found that when the MIC of AZT is measured by the broth method (macrodilution and microdilution method), the precipitates formed by filament formation should be excluded.
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  • Akio Nagai, Mineko Nagasawa, Atsuhiro Mitomi, Yasuhito Kawamura, Takuy ...
    1995 Volume 43 Issue 4 Pages 416-420
    Published: April 25, 1995
    Released on J-STAGE: August 04, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The protective effect of tazobactam/piperacillin (TAZ/PIPC) against the nephrotoxicity of gentamicin (GM) was examined in rats. Nephrotoxicity was induced by the intramuscular administration of GM at a dose of 70mg/kg/day for 10 days. TAZ/PIPC (1, 000mg/kg/day) and PIPC (800mg/kg/day) were intravenously administered, and then GM was immediately administered. Rats receiving GM (70 mg/kg/day) for 10 days showed increases in urinary Nacetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (NAG), protein and β2-microglobulin, elevation of serum urea nitrogen and creatinine concentration, and showed an increase in kidney weight in comparison with controls. Macroscopic fading in the color of the kidneys was seen. Histologically, cortical tubular necrosis, desquamation and regeneration, tubular dilatation, hyaline cast formation and interstitial inflammatory cell infiltration were seen. However, TAZ/PIPC and PIPC significantly reduced these toxicological parameters. These results suggest that TAZ/PIPC may have a protective effect against the nephrotoxicity of GM in rats, and the degree of this protective effect was equal to that of PIPC.
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  • Rinzo Soejima
    1995 Volume 43 Issue 4 Pages 421-435
    Published: April 25, 1995
    Released on J-STAGE: August 04, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The clinical efficacy, safety and usefulness of cefoselis (FK037: FK), a new parenteral cephalosporin, were evaluated in bacterial pneumonia in a comparative study versus ceftazidime (CAZ).Each drug was administered by intravenous drip infusion at a dose of 1.0g (potency), twice daily for 14 days.The following results were obtained.
    1. Of the total 186 cases enrolled, 146 cases were evaluated for clinical efficacy and the efficacy rates (“good” and better responses) were 92.3% (72/78) in the FK group and 91.2% (62/68) in the CAZ group.
    2. Bacteriological effects (eradication rates) were 100% (21/21) in the FK group and 96.4% (27/28) in the CAZ group.
    3. Adverse reactions occurred in 3 of the 90 patients (3.3%) in the FK group and in 3 of the 88 patients (3.4%) in the CAZ group.The incidence of abnormal laboratory findings was 20.0% (18/90) in the FK group and 18.3% (15/82) in the CAZ group.The safety rate (“safe” in overall safety rating) was 78.9% (71/90) in the FK group and 81.7% (67/82) in the CAZ group.
    4. Usefulness rates (“useful” and better responses) were 89.7% (70/78) in the FK group and 88.1% (59/67) in the CAZ group.
    No significant difference was observed between the two groups in any of the above ratings.The results indicate that FK037 is as useful as ceftazidime for the treatment of bacterial pneumonia.
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  • Rinzo Soejima
    1995 Volume 43 Issue 4 Pages 436-450
    Published: April 25, 1995
    Released on J-STAGE: August 04, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The clinical efficacy, safety and usefulness of cefoselis (FK037: FK), a new parenteral cephalosporin, were evaluated in chronic respiratory tract infection in a comparative study versus ceftazidime (CAZ). Each drug was administered by intravenous drip infusion at a dose of 1.0g (potency), twice daily for 14 days. The following results were obtained.
    1. A total of 173 patients were enrolled in this study. Efficacy rates (“excellent” and “good” responses) were 90.5% (67/74) in the FK group and 90.0% (63/70) in the CAZ group.
    2. Bacteriological effects (eradication rates) were 89.2% (33/37) in the FK groud and 94.3% (33/35) in the CAZ group.
    3. Adverse reactions occurred in 6 of the 84 patients in the FK group and in 2 of the 79 patients in the CAZ group. The incidence of abnormal laboratory findings was 13.3% (11/84) in the FK group and 12.8% (10/78) in the CAZ group.
    4. Usefulness rates (“very useful” and “useful” evaluations) were 84.0% (63/75) in the FK group and 87.1% (61/70) in the CAZ group.
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  • Satoshi Ishihara, Mitsuru Yasuda, Kouji Tada, Hisao Komeda, Yasuhisa I ...
    1995 Volume 43 Issue 4 Pages 451-456
    Published: April 25, 1995
    Released on J-STAGE: August 04, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    We studied the epidemiologic characteristics of Enterococcus faecalis isolated from complicated urinary tract infection. In addition, isolates in the recent 3 years were tested for antibiotic sensitivity. The incidence of E. faecalis infection was 16.6%. The incidence was relatively higher in hospitalized patients, in patients with indwelling catheter and in polymicrobial infection, in comparison with other major urinary isolates. The majority of the isolates were sensitive to ampicillin, piperacillin, imipenem and panipenem. Among cephems, they were highly resistant to cefmetazole and ceftazidime, but were sensitive to the newer cephems, cefpirome and cefluprenam (E 1077). Some isolates were resistant to gentamicin and 3 new quinolones tested. All isolates were sensitive to vancomycin.
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  • Prophylactic effects of G-CSF against postoperative infection after transurethral resection of the prostate
    Kazuhiro Hata, Hiromi Kumon, Hiroyuki Ohmori, Toshihiko Asahi, Yasuhir ...
    1995 Volume 43 Issue 4 Pages 457-461
    Published: April 25, 1995
    Released on J-STAGE: August 04, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The prophylactic effects of G-CSF against postoperative infection after trans-urethral resection of the prostate were examined in two comparative studies. Lenograstim was administered for 5 consecutive days in the perioperative period; the administration of G-CSF was started the day before the operation in study A and two days after the operation in Study B. In the G-CSF treatment groups, the incidences of postoperative infection were 33.3% (3/9) and 21.1% (4/19), respectively. The incidences of postoperative infection were 37.5% (3/8) and 46.7% (7/15) in both control groups. The incidence of uropathogenic gram-negative rods among positive isolates was 28.6% (2/7) for the treatment groups and 60.0% (6/10) for the control group. No adverse reactions related to neutrophilia and overproduction of superoxide caused by the administration of G-CSF were observed, although transient urticaria was noted in one patient.
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  • Hiroshi Kurokawa, Kazuhiko Oguro, Akiyoshi Nagata, Kazuo Suzuki, Yoshi ...
    1995 Volume 43 Issue 4 Pages 462-463
    Published: April 25, 1995
    Released on J-STAGE: August 04, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of ceftazidime (CAZ), piperacillin (PIPC), sulbenicillin (SBPC), ceftizoxime (CZX), ceftriaxone (CTRX), cefpirome (CPR), latamoxef (LMOX) and cefminox (CMNX) were determined for eight strains of CAZ-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from clinical samples collected in Japan between July and September 1994. MICs were measured by the broth microdilution method as described by the Japan Society of Chemotherapy. MICs of over 400μg/ml were obtained with CAZ in two of the eight strains. The implications of these and other results obtained on the eight CAZ-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae strains in the present study are discussed.
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  • 1995 Volume 43 Issue 4 Pages 464-469
    Published: April 25, 1995
    Released on J-STAGE: August 04, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • 1995 Volume 43 Issue 4 Pages 469-473
    Published: April 25, 1995
    Released on J-STAGE: August 04, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • 1995 Volume 43 Issue 4 Pages 473-497
    Published: April 25, 1995
    Released on J-STAGE: August 04, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Download PDF (5655K)
  • 1995 Volume 43 Issue 4 Pages 509
    Published: 1995
    Released on J-STAGE: August 04, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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