Japanese Journal of Chemotherapy
Online ISSN : 1884-5886
Print ISSN : 1340-7007
ISSN-L : 1340-7007
Volume 45, Issue 12
Displaying 1-4 of 4 articles from this issue
  • [in Japanese]
    1997 Volume 45 Issue 12 Pages 977-981
    Published: December 25, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: August 04, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • Akihiro Kaneko, Nobuo Yamane, Kazuo Shiiki, Kaoru Matsuzaki, Intetsu K ...
    1997 Volume 45 Issue 12 Pages 982-986
    Published: December 25, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: August 04, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    For the identification of bacterial agents responsible for dental infections, samples are aspirated from closed abscesses by using aspiration needles, while avoiding contamination by the normal bacterial flora. The oral cavity is an environment that is readily contaminated with bacteria and it is necessary to constantly monitor the quality of the sample that has been collected. We prepared a standard for testing materials based on their freshness and quality and confirmed their correlation with the clinical symptoms. The percentage of isolation of causative agents was high and both bacterial volume and phagocytosis were rated over 3 + in the samples collected from those patients in whom infections had been bacteriologically cinfirmed. As for the correlation between severity and bacterial isolation, the percentage of isolation of anaerobic bacteria was high in proportion to the severity of the illness. In view of these findings, it was concluded that the standard of quality we set in this study has an important bearing on clinical symptoms and that such a standard is clinically significant. It is essential to consider the quality of the samples that have been collected when one attempts isolate the right causative bacterial agents in orofacial infections.
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  • Takayoshi Oguma, Yoshitaka Yano, Masami Zaizen, Yoshihiro Botan, Tatsu ...
    1997 Volume 45 Issue 12 Pages 987-994
    Published: December 25, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: August 04, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Factors affecting the efficacy and safety of vancomycin, which was given for treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections, were investigated. The factors of patient background, vancomycin concentration, laboratory findings, and treatment by vancomycin were obtained from patients who were therapeutically monitored and what were statistically analyzed in relation to the clinical results. The rates of abnormal laboratory findings in regard to liver and kidney functions were chosen as the safety index because adverse effects on liver and kidney functions were most frequently observed. Only pretreatment with an aminoglycoside was found to significantly affect the efficacy in elderly patients. The daily dose was found to be significantly related to the incidence of abnormal laboratory findings in liver and kidney. The same relation between trough concentration and that in kidney was observed. For elderly patients, severity and total bilirubin concentration are useful warning signals for prevention of kidney and liver impairment, respectively. Nonparametric binary regression analysis of the relationship between trough concentration and the rate of incidence of the abnormality in the kidney showed that the rate increased with coadministration of aminoglycoside. It is possible to reduce the rate to less than 15% as long as the trough concentration is kept below 10μg/ml.
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  • Takeshi Mayama, Masayuki Yokota, Yoshiyuki Koyama, Yukiko Akamine, Tos ...
    1997 Volume 45 Issue 12 Pages 995-1002
    Published: December 25, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: August 04, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    As a part of post-marketing surveillance, a prospective drug use investigation was conducted. Although application children is not included in the indications, administration of arbekacin (ABK) to 720 evaluable cases was found in children. Among them, 596 children were suffering from septicemia or pneumonia caused by MRSA, the indicated illnesses. Drug utilization in these cases was analyzed. Underlying diseases were examined as background factors in patients: 66.6% of patients with septicemia and 70.9% of those with pneumonia had underlying diseases. Details of the underlying diseases were examined in 191 patients with septicemia and 219 patients with pneumonia. These patients were found to have multiple serious underlying diseases represented. by ventricular septal defect, hypoxic encephalopathy, respiratory distress syndrome, necrotic enteritis, and low birth weight. All of the 596 patients were examined for MRSA, and MRSA was isolated from 83.3% of the septicemia cases and 80.3% of the pneumonia cases. Mixed infection of MRSA and Pseudomonas aeruginosa or other organisms was found in 13.8% of the septicemia cases and 23.0% of the pneumonia cases. Concomitant use of ABK with other antibiotics was found in 90.9% of the septicemia cases and 90.0% of the pneumonia cases. Concomitantly used antibiotics were cephems, imipenem and penicillins in most cases. The efficacy was 73.5% for septicemia and 71.2% for pneumonia. Regarding safety, the prevalence and the types of adverse reactions were similar to those observed in adults and the elderly. No child-specific symptoms were found. The results suggested the importance of appropriate dose adjustment for newborns and infants whose renal function is not well developed, as a problem common to all aminoglycosides.
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