Using “antibiotic-spiked urine specimens”, in which each of 6 kinds of β-lactams and 2 kinds of new-quinolones (NQs) antibiotics are added to bacterial culture media inoculated with 18 of strains bacteria including 16 species derived from urinary tract infection specimens, the growth performance of 2 different types of dip-slide, URICULT E^® and DIASLIDE^® is studied. Any strain which had on MIC value of ≤6.25μg/ml was regarded as a susceptible strain and any strain which had value of ≤12.5μg/ml was regarded as a resistant strains.
(Result)
DIASLIDE^® showed better growth performance than URICULT E (R) for the most of the strains susceptible to the 8 kinds of antibiotics (P<0.01) while both dip-slides showed the same growth performance by the strains resistant to those antibiotics.
(Comment)
The discrepancy in results with the susceptible strain is due to the difference in quantity of the specimen inoculated into each dip-slide. Quantity the inoculated into DIALIDE^® is approximately 1/100 as much as that used for on URICULT E^®. As the inhibitory effect of antibiotics depends on the total quantity of the specimen inoculated into the dip-slide, DIASLIDE^® can avoid escape the false-negative problem even though the urine specimen includes any of the antibiotics.

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Single-strand conformational polymorphism (SSCP) analysis of 20 quinolone-resistant clinical isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae showed five mobility patterns. DNA sequence analysis of these fragments revealed that DNA fragments with a mutation (s) in the gyrA gene showed different patterns from the pattern of the wild type gyrA fragment and that one mutation group yielded the specific mobility pattern, which enabled us to anticipate the mutation (s) in the gyrA gene by SSCP analysis. When transformed with the wild type Escherichia coli gyrA gene, the mutants tested became quinolone susceptible, suggesting that the gyrA mutations are responsible for quinolone resistance.

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The relationship between the generation time of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and the antibacterial activity of vancomycin (VCM) was examined bacteriologically. When the antibacterial activity of VCM under 2 culture conditions was compared, a lower concentration of VCM inhibited bacterial proliferation under the condition that prolonged the generation time. In various media, the generation time of MRSA and the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of VCM were measured in 25 strains of MRSA isolated from patients. The generation time of MRSA was prolonged under poorer medium conditions, and a lower concentration of VCM inhibited MRSA proliferation under more unfavorable medium conditions. Three representative strains selected from the 25 MRSA strains by the one-concentration disc method were treated with imipenem (IPM), and the proliferation curve was determined. The generation time of MRSA was prolonged in a dose-dependent manner. The antibacterial activity of VCM against strains showing an effect on proliferation was good. Furthermore, the effect of combination therapy with VCM and IPM on these strains was much stronger. Therefore, the antibacterial activity of VCM was enhanced depending on the temperature of the culture, bacterial growth phase, medium condition, and prolongation of generation time by addition of the combined drugs.

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A surveillance study on the use of Rokitamycin (REM) Dry Syrup 200 was conducted with the aim of improving the drug's compliance with the result of the safety/efficacy investigation on its actual use. Adverse reactions occurred in 93 out of 8, 991 cases (1.03 %), without taking the season into account, and no significant differences from the results of the investigation performed before approval were observed. Gastrointestinal symptoms, including diarrhea, were most frequent major adverse reactions observed, and none of the adverse reactions were severe. Investigation of drug interactions showed no significant interactions during concomitant use with theophylline or other drugs. Efficacy was evaluated based on 8, 821 cases. The results showed an efficacy rate of 82.3%, and not significantly different from the 87.0% figure obtained in the trial conducted as a part of RKM development. Sufficient bacteriological investigations have not been performed. The investigation of the emergence of resistant organisms during the use of the drug was insufficient; however, based on it's efficacy in clinical experience, an increase in resistant organisms appears unlikely. Based on these results, RKM was confirmed to be an extremely safe and useful drug.

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