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Volume 26 (1955)
- Issue 4 Pages 203-
- Issue 3 Pages 125-
- Issue 2 Pages 53-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 26, Issue 4
Displaying 1-14 of 14 articles from this issue
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VI The mechanism of methaemoglobin formationYOSHIO HASHIMOTO, TSUTOMU YASUI1955 Volume 26 Issue 4 Pages 203-205
Published: 1955
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe reaction of nitrite upon haem pigment has been investigated. The following restlts were obtained.
(1) Under normal conditions, nitrite brings about rapid oxidation of oxyhaemoglobin which produces methaemoglobin and makes its colour brown.
(2) In the reaction described above, the ratio of haemoglobin (represented by Fe) to nitrite is about 10:2.
(3) A low pH value (about 5.2) has no effect upon the ratio of Fe to nitrite. It seems, however, that oxidation is accelerated.View full abstractDownload PDF (222K) -
III Chemical analysis and determination of protein fractions of various raw stocksYASUSHI SATO, YOSHITAKA KAKO1955 Volume 26 Issue 4 Pages 207-209
Published: 1955
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to recognize the composition of animal skin as raw material for leather and glue, chemical components of saltcured hide and skin of the following mammals were analysed-cattle, steer, horse, rabbit, dog, pig, deer and kid. Samples were collected from the fore and hind shanks except in the rabbit
Taking into consideration the results reported previously as to changes in composition of the skin during preservation, we noticed the following results.
Hide of the cattle, steer and horse keeps more moisture and contains less crude protein than that of the others. In protein composition, the former has more collagen and less keratin than the latter. The skin of the dog and pig has more fat than the others. Pig's skin has the least keratin and collagen. Dog's skin is almost the same with steer's so far as content of keratin and collagen is concerned. Generally, collagen content increases with the increase in thickness of the skin except in the case of the skin of pig and horse.
Taking into consideration the composition of the corium calculated, exclusive of moisture, ash and keratin, we noticed the following results.
Fat content is variable with a wide range, but is mostly in the span of 5∼15% except the skin of pig and dog, and is lower in the hide of cattle, steer and horse than in that of the others. Soluble protein content is especially low in pig's skin, high in kid's and deer's skin and 3∼50% in the others. Elastin and reticulin content is low in dog's and pig's skin, high in kid's skin and 3∼6% in the others. Collagen content is lowest in pig's skin, a little lower in kid's skin and 70∼80% in the others. In this case, the correlation between collagen content and thickness of the skin is not clear.View full abstractDownload PDF (309K) -
VII The reduction system in muscles of domestic animalsYOSHIO HASHIMOTO, TSUTOMU YASUI1955 Volume 26 Issue 4 Pages 211-213
Published: 1955
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAccording to the result of our experiments reported previously, some other reduction system than that of the wellknown bacterial reduction, may be taken into consideration.
For this reason, we have made some experiments on the reduction system in muscles of domestic animals by means of methylene blue reduction test.
In these experiments, we have been unsuccessful in finding the expected reduction in the extracted solution of muscles, but it has been found that there exists considerably powerful reduction in the suspensions of muscle tissue itself which contains no oxygen.View full abstractDownload PDF (246K) -
I Relaxin content in the blood serum of pregnant and postpartum dairy cowsHIROSHI WADA, MASATAKA YUHARA1955 Volume 26 Issue 4 Pages 215-220
Published: 1955
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1) This study was carried out to assay relaxin in the blood serum of pregnant and postpartum dairy cow, especially the Holstein breed.
Fifty-nine samples of blood serum were obtained from nine cows (table I )
Forty-four samples of these were collected from pregnant cows at intervals of a mouth after artificial insemination, including a sample taken 2 hours before parturition. The remaining fifteen samples were of postpartum cows, the harvesting time after parturition being exactly measured, and included one taken just 1 hour after delivery of the young.
2) Blood was drawn from the jugular vein and allowed to stand for 24 hours at room temperature. After centrifugation of the coagulated blood, serum was decanted into a small bottle, which was sealed with paraffine and stored in the electric refrigerator at 0°C until tested.
The assay for relaxin was performed after the method described by ABRAMOWITZ, MONEY, ZARROW, TALMAGE, KLEINHOLZT and HISAW (1944) with a modification that a dose of estradiol benzoate in pretreatment was 0.80 γ daily.
Percentage of positive response obtained in this experiment was refered to the standardization curve established by ABRAMOWITZ et al. (1944), so that relaxin content was read in guinea pig unit. (A guinea pig unit of serum relaxin is defined as that amount of hormone which induces, 6 hours following injection, unmistakable relaxation of the symphysis pubis in about 67% of a group of 12 estrogen-primed, and ovariectomized guinea pigs).
3) The data from the assay are shown in table 2 and as a curve in fig.
2.Blood serum assayed contained less than 1 G P U (guinea pig unit) of relaxin per cc. about the end of the first month of pregnancy.
Relaxin content increased rapidly until the sixth month, a plateau (about 4 G P U per cc.) being reached at that time, and the amount of relaxin was maintained with very little increase for the remainder of pregnancy period.
Just after delivery of the young, nearly the same amount of this hormone as that in the later period of pregnancy was detected, but immediately a very sharp decline occurred and within 24 hours it dropped to one-fourth of its former level and continued to decrease until the 5th or 6th day, at which time a relaxative effect of serum was negative.
4) Concentration curve of relaxin in the cow shown in this paper by the present writers corresponds roughly to the development of placenta of the cow as judged by the rectal palpatio nreported by many investigators.
Accordingly, it may be presumed that relaxin is closely related with the placenta also in the cow.
5) Neither the sex of the young nor times when the pregnant cow bred seems to have relations with the concentration of the serum relaxin.
6) It can also be seen that the average time during which the ligaments remained relaxed was generally longer and the percent age of response larger in the group receiving larger amounts of relaxin than in group receiving smaller dosage (table 3).View full abstractDownload PDF (530K) -
IV A study of some properties of crystalline rennin (2)MASAYOSHI OEDA, KYOSUKE KASAI1955 Volume 26 Issue 4 Pages 221-225
Published: 1955
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe Rf-values of crystalline rennin are generally larger than those of pepsin, and if pH-values of solvents are higher, the Rf-values are larger.
On the preperties of crystalline rennin, we studied with the result that crude rennin prepared from dried extract or precipitated crude rennin from dialysed rennet extract, has three peaks in the electrophoretic pattern-one in the side of larger mobility and another in the smaller, and the central third is of rennin.
From these crude rennin preparations, we obtaned purified rennin of single protein fraction by repeating the recrystallization or washing the first crystallized rennin crystals with 0.5 N-HCl solution.
The mobility of the purified rennin in the form of crystal is almost the same with that of the α-globulin prepared from the serum of a calf, fromwhich rennin was prepared.
The mobility of the protein fractionac companying crude rennin is almost the same with that of purlfied pepsin, and the protein fraction accompanying crude pepsin is the same with that of purified rennin.View full abstractDownload PDF (2645K) -
K. SASAKI, K. YAMAMOTO, R. You1955 Volume 26 Issue 4 Pages 227-230
Published: 1955
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe blood relationship among Japanese wild boar (Sus vittatus japonica) and, Yorkshire (Sus scrofa domesticus) and their hybrids was studied by means of precipitin reaction.
The results obtained are summarized as follows:
The absorbed antiserum against the wild boar which was exhausted completely with blood serum of a Yorkshire pig or one in F1 generation did not react against blood serum of the wild boar or any kind of an animal.But the situation was not the same when the conditions were made reverse.
The absorbed anti-Yorkshire serum exhausted with wild boar serum, reacted upon Yorkshire of F1 serum, and Yorkshire serum showed stronger reaction than F1 serum.
Similarly, the absorbed anti-hybrid serum exhausted with wild boar serum, gave the same degree of reaction upon Yorkshire and F1 serum, but the absorbed anti-hybrid serum exhausted with Yorkshire serum did not react upon all kinds of blood serum.
Hence, it is presumed that the domestic pig possesses a specific serum protein in blood serun in addition to one contained in wild boar serum. Hybrids between the domestic pig and wild hoahave all the serum components which are containe in the domestic pig, and are considered to be in the middle between the parent breeds.View full abstractDownload PDF (292K) -
I On the Tokara ponySHIGEYUKI HAYASHIDA, CHUHEI YAMAUCHI1955 Volume 26 Issue 4 Pages 231-236
Published: 1955
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1. We call the small horses of Takara Island"Tokara Pony". The island is in the Tokara Archipelago about 170 nautical miles southwest of Kagoshima. This pony has its origin in the pony brought about 1900 from Kikai Island of the Oshima Archipelago adjacent to the Tokara Archipelago, and has been kept there in pure blood, for about fifty years as Takara Island is isolated-At present, the number of Tokara pony is 43, as of Sept., 1953. In the Oshima Archipelago all horses have been reformed, but they were all as small as the present Tokara pony until about 1900.
2. The Tokara Pony is the only small-island type horse still alive in Japan, and the height at withers in the adult is 108-121cm, 114.5cm on the average, and the weight of the body about 198kg. This pony is almost similar in size to the prehistoric horses in Japan, and also has almost the same size with the Korean Pony and the horses of the south-western region of Asia (Miyako Pony, Hainan Island Pony and Szechwan Pony).
3. The Tokara Pony has the following special features; no white marks on the head and on the inferior part of the members; almost all of the hair being dark brown, and dark in the mane, tail and extremities, so that it is dificult to decide the color of the coat; a long and thick mane and the same forelock; dark color patches on the neck or on the shoulder of 10% of the horses, especially distinct in case of young horses; distinct whirl of hair on both lips; very small chestnut on the posterior members compact hoofs; standiug poor fodder. Though the points stated above are suggestive of Prjevalsky horse, the Tokara Pony it very much smaller than Prjevalsky horse.View full abstractDownload PDF (1138K) -
I Combinations of Ca and P with caseinM. MAENO, Z. SAITO1955 Volume 26 Issue 4 Pages 237-238
Published: 1955
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe radioactive calcium chloride or sodium phosphate was added to solutions of casein, calcium caseinate and skim milk. By measuring radioactivity (count/min.) of their ultrafiltrates, we could anticipate the state of combination of Ca and P with casein or that of replacement of Ca by Ca which already combined in Ca-caseinate micelles. Ca and P combine with casein, and P combines with casein more in guantity under the co-existence of Ca and P than when P exists alone. Ca3 (PO4) 2 combines with casein to a certain degree P is easily separated from casein in the process of ultrafiltra tion, but Ca is not and is more stable. Probably Ca combines chemically and the most part of P loosely with casein.View full abstractDownload PDF (209K) -
II Changes in body temperature, respiration and heart rates, blood lactic acid and blood sugar levels caused by some stressors in domestic fowlsSEIKAN OKAMOTO, TAKAO OTSUBO1955 Volume 26 Issue 4 Pages 239-243
Published: 1955
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effects of some stressors on the rectal temperature, respiration rate, blood lactic acid level and blood sugar level are studied in the domestic fowl. Results obtained are summarized as follows:
1) The rectal temperature, respiration rate and blood sugar increase as the effect of heat stress in the incubator or under the direct sunlight in summer. The heart beat increases in the case of exposure to the direct sunlight, but it does not ncrease significantly in the incubator. Blood lactic acid decreases in the incubator, but on the contrary it increases under the direct sunlight.
2) Narcosis caused a significant decrease in the rectal temperature and blood lactic acid level, but no significant change was detected in the respiration rate, heart rate and blood sugar level.
3) As the effect of heat stress after narcosis, the rectal temperature increases, while the respiration rate, blood lactic acid and blood sugar level do not undergo any significant changes.View full abstractDownload PDF (400K) -
II Effects of the thyroidectomy and castrationSHIN-ICHI MIKAMI1955 Volume 26 Issue 4 Pages 245-251
Published: 1955
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEleven adult White Leghorn cockerels, 6 to 9 months of age, were thyroidectomized and sacrificed 6 to 93 days after operation. Two capons and 10 normal cockerels of the same age were also used as controls.
Anterior pituitaries of the sacrificed birds were weighed, and fixed in a formol-sublimate (1:9) solution and stained after GOLDBERG-CHAIKOFF method ('52), HEIDENHAIN'S azan technique and GOMORI'S aldehyde-fuchsin. For the purpose of cytochemical studies, the PAS method, RENNELS'S acid hematein test, FEULGEN'S reaction, ribonuclease test and metachromatic staining by basic dyes were also used.
The results obtained are summarized as follows:
(1) Anterior pituitaries of the thyroidectomized cockerels were markedly hypertrophied. The thyroidectomy cells (T cells) of the glands were observed within the confines of the cephalic lobe. In the capons, however, enlarged basophils were present throughout the cephalic and caudal lobes.
(2) T cells develop directly from some of the cephalic basophils and are morphologically divided into two forms. The one is characterized by its large, clear nucleus surrounded by the cytoplasm containing fine basophilic granules, while the other is distinguished by the cytoplasm containing large hyaline vacuoles. Both types of the T cells are extremely large in size and round, oval and polygonal in forma. Their cytoplasm contains RNA-and PAS-positive granules, but their large vacuoles contain only PAS-positive substance. T cells are considered, from all points of view, to be secretory cells, and there is no indication of de-generative changes.
(3) It is considered that there are two functionally distinct types of the basophils in the anterior pituitary of the fowls. One existing exclusively in he cephalic lobe has developed to T cells due to thyroidectomy, and the other located throughout the cephalic and caudal lobes has been enlarged after castration. The former type is considered to be responsible for the secretion of thyrotrophic hormone, while the latter is concerned with the production of follicle-stimulating hormone.
(4) After thyroidectomy the degranulation of the acidophils of the caudal lobe has been observed with a marked decrease in number, but such decrease was a little in capons.
V cells markedly degenerate indicating picnosis due to thyroidectomy, but remain normal in case of castration. In the thyroidectomized or castrated birds, it is probable that degenerative changes in acidophils and V cells are due to changes in the physiological condition of the pituitary caused by the removal of the thyroids or testes. Therefore, acidophils and V cells are considered to be not responsible for the secretion of follicle-stimulating or thyrotrophic hormones.View full abstractDownload PDF (1424K) -
Part VIIMAKOTO KANDATSU, TAKAO HORIGOME1955 Volume 26 Issue 4 Pages 253-257
Published: 1955
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSCytoplasmic and chloroplastic proteins, both of which are bulk proteins in grasses, were isolated from dried red clover and their chemical properties were studied.
(1) Their nitrogen contents were 8.76% and 10.59%, respectively, being lower than usual.
(2) Nitrogen distribution of the isolated proteins analysed by VAN SLYKE'S methnd was as follows: Arginine- and lysine-N of cytoplasmic protein were 12.44% and 5.01% respectively, of total nitrogen, and those of chloroplastic protein were 11.09% and 3.45%, respectively. Histidine-N percentage was almost the same in both proteins. A little difference in monoamiuo-N contents was found between the two proteins, but it was assumed that nitrogen distribution of both proteins did not greatly differ.
(3) S was detected in both proteins, but P was not. Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, and Al were found in the ash of both proteins by paper chromatography. Ca was found in a larger amount than the other metals.View full abstractDownload PDF (470K) -
I The cattle fetusYOSHIYUKI HASHIMOTO, YASUNOBU EGUCHI1955 Volume 26 Issue 4 Pages 259-265
Published: 1955
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe gonads of 9 male and 9 female fetuses of the cattle were used in this study. The fetuses are 5.7 to 45.0 cm in "crown-rump length" in males and 16.3 to 38.0 con in females. The gonads were fixed in 10% formalin and ZENKER-formol. Routine alcohol dehydration and paraffin embedding were practiced. Sections were cut at 7μ. stained with hematoxylin-eosin or HEIDENHAIN's iron alum hematoxylin, and after MASSON's trichrome method, VAN GIESON'S method and BIELSCHOWSK Y-MARESCH reticulm method. The following observations were made.
Testis: There is a cuboidal layer of germ epithelium in the testis of a 5.7-cm-long fetus It becomes flattened gradually with ages. With the vascularization in the tunica albuginea, there is a remarkable increase of connective tissue fibers in the vascularized areas. The seminiferous tubules are distinctly limited by a membrana propria, exterior to which is a thin layer of small connective tissue cells forming a capsular investment. The tubules consist of two kinds of cells, i. e., indifferent cells and germ cells. The former is numerous and the latter a few. Both cells in the tubules have a tendency to increase in number, the numerical ratio between them being scarcely altered in all testes used. Interstitial cells are found sparsely at first and then form cluster-like masses with gradual vascularization.
Ovary: In 16.3-cm-to 18.5-cm-long fetuses, the sex cords having a broad hand-like appearancee contain many small indlfferent cells and a few germ cells. Primary follicles increase gradually in the inner part of the cortex. In the bodies of 25-cm-and 27-cm-long fetuses, the sex cords manifested a degenerated appearance. Meanwhile, in a fetus grown 30.0-cm-long, the remarkable change is noticed with the increase in replenished sex cords. Therefore, it is presumed that the sex cords have newly been formed descending from the germ layer, or reconstructed from the parenchymal tissues in these growing stages. No interstitial cells have been found in any ovaries used.
The origin of the interstitial cells in the testisand of the medullary cords in the ovary is also. discussed briefly.View full abstractDownload PDF (1999K) -
II The horse fetusYOSHIYUKI HASHIMOTO, YASUNOBU EGUCHI1955 Volume 26 Issue 4 Pages 267-270
Published: 1955
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe gonads of 4 male and 5 female horse fetuses were studied histologically.
The results obtained are summarized as follows:
1) The gonads of the horse fetus are by far larger than those of the cattle fetus.
2) In the outer surface of the testis is found the tunica albuginea which is devoid of cell cords and shows a well marked connective tissue membrane. In its inner broad area, there are a lot of interstitial cells among which young seminiferous tubules are sparsely scattered.
3) In the ovary, a dense fibrous membrane becomes clear at the periphery and the cords are seen in it except near the hilus ovarii. The inner broad portion of the ovary is composed of many interstitial cells with the supporting tissue,
4) The enlargement of the fetal gonads may be due, for the most part, to the result of an increase in number and size of the interstitial cells.
5) The interstitial cells are divided into small groups by connective tissue cells and fine fibers intervene between the interstitial cells.
6) The interstitial cells are large and polyangular, containing the alveolar nuclei in the granular cytoplasm.
7) There are sometimes transitional types between the interstitial cells and the connective tissue cells.
8) The seminiferous tubules are composed of many small indifferent cells and a few round germ cells.
9) The sex cords in the ovaries have the same cell-components as in testes. But the structures and the cells of them are variable with the stages tested.View full abstractDownload PDF (1901K) -
Studies on the hair follicle population in the Corriedale sheepKAZUO SUGAI1955 Volume 26 Issue 4 Pages 273-276
Published: 1955
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA histological observation has been made on the morphology of the hair follicle population, its density, S/P ratio and shedding of the hair from the follicle in the skin of the adult Corriedale sheep, as compared with those in the skin of the lamb of the same breed. Twelve sheep were used, of which 8 were adult 4 two years old and 4 three years old and 4 lambs.
A small patch of skin was removed from the shoulder, belly and thigh regions of sheep a half, one and a half and two and a half years of age. Skin samples were prepared histologically.
The results obtained were as follows:
(1) There was little morphological difference in the hair follicle population between the adult (two and three years of age) and lambs. The hair follicle population of adult sheep is generally arranged In so-called "trio groups", but, in many cases, boundaries between trio groups and between primary groups in the trio group were not clearly seen.
(2) New follicles with fibers of incomplete keratinizatlon are not seen in the follicle populations of adult sheep, except in the case of regrowth of fibers from shed follicles, while new follicles are found among the follicle populations in lambs.
(3) It seems that the hair follicle and the sebaceous and sudoriferous glands associated with hair follicles increase in size and shape with the advancement in age from ono to three years.
(4) A little difference exists among mean values of S/P ratio odtained from individuals of each age group of sheep and also among mean values of S/P ratio obtained from the shoulder, belly and thigh regions in each age group of sheep. The value is larger in the shoulder region than in the other two body regions.
(5) A large individual difference in follicle density was found among age groups of sheep. Individual mean value of follicle density showed decrease in the two years old group and no large difference between the two and the three years old groups. A considerable difference in follicle density was also found among the 3 body regions of different age groups.
(6) Shed follicles were found in the one, the two and the three years old groups of sheep. It seems that shed follicles are most numerous in the one year old group, and not so numerous in the two and the three years old groups. Therefore, a considerable difference in the number of shed follicles is found between the one and the two years old groups but no such difference between the two and the three years old groups.View full abstractDownload PDF (746K)
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