In order to estimate the effect of microorganisms in the rumen on the nutrition of the ruminant quantitatively, it is necessery to determine the volume of liquid in the fore-stomach where numerousmicroorganisms live in an active state.
Several experiments were conducted for this purpose, in which sodium chloride, powder or solution, was put into the rumen of goats through a permanent fistula and the concentration of Cl in the rumen liquor is determined at definite time intervals.
The results obtained are as follows.
1. When the feeding conditions are fixed on the whole, the concentration of Cl in the liquid part of the rumen content may be assumed practically to be constant.
2. The concentration of Cl in the rumen liquid attains to and remains at an almost constant level 2 or 3 hours after the administration of sodium chloride, which may be powder or solution.
3. From the difference in Cl oncentration between the rumen liquids collected before and 2 hours after the administration of sodium chloride, respectively, liquid part of the eticulo-rumen ntents of the goats was calculated as follows.

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1) Electrophoretic ally pure α-casein, prepared by the urea method of Hirr et al., was used for the substrate in this experiment. This a-casein was hydrolyzed with the rennin prepared from the dialyzed solution of crystalline rennin by drying in vacuo. This rennin was also pure electrophoretic ally. The crystalline pepsin as well as rennin, was used, for control.
2) Hydrolyses with the enzymes were carried out at 40°C. in a water-bath equipped with a thermostat.
3) At first, polypeptides and amino acids in the hydrolysates of casein, hydrolyzed with rennin and/or pepsin, were determined by W1LLSTATTER-WALDSCHMIDT-LEITS'S method.
At the end of two hours' hydrolysis, it was found that 0.29 equivalent of polypeptides had been produced per gram of a-casein with rennin, but no amino acid had been produced.
The pepsin produced 0.128 equivalent of polypeptides and 0.29 equivalent of amino acids.
4) By the paper chromatography of these hydrolysates, it was confirmed that none of amino acids developed in the chromatogram of the α-casein/rennin-hydrolysate, but there were spots of arginine, alanine and tryptophan with the α-casein/pepsinhydrolysate.
5) The N-fractions in the hydrolysates of α-casein, hydrolyzed with rennin and/or pepsin, were determined at 90, 180, and 270 minutes of the hydrolysis.
The results were well accorded with those obtained by WILLSTATTER-WALDSCHMIDT-LELTS'S method.
From α-casein, the rennin produced 25.24% of soluble-N most (16.05%) of which was polypeptides-N. This reached the maximum level in the early stage of the hydrolysis. In this case, no amino acid was produced either.
The pepsin produced also soluble-N, but in this case, it was mostly composed of amino acids-N and contained a little amount of polypeptides-N.
6) From these results, it is assumed that rennin has a proteolytic activity which divides α-asetn into polypeptide-molecules, but produces no amino acid.

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Paper chromatography was used to study the distribution of sugars in the extracts from slices and homogenates of mammary glands of albino rats in the virgin, lactation and post-lactation periods, respectively.
When the extracts from the glands in the virgin, initial lactation, mid-lactation and post-lactation period, respectively, chromatographed in one dimension, totals of 7, 9, 10 and 8 spots were revealed, respectively, by benzidine or anilin-hydrogen phthalate. The addition of glucose and galactose to the incubates of the lactating mammary glands intensified the spots of glucose and lactose, and showed a decrease in the concentration of galactose.No change in d-ribose was observed with the media containing lactating mammary glands.

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A paper-chromatographic study was conducted on the phosphoric ester-patterns in the extracts from slices and homogenates of mammary glands of albino rats in the virgin, lactation and post-lactation periods, respectively.
When the ethanol and trichloracetic acid extracts from the mammary glands in the virgin, initial lactation, mid-lactation and post-lactation periods, respectively, chromatographed on acid-washed paper in n-butanol-acetic acid-water mixture, and spraying with FeCl3 and with salicylsulfonic acid, 8, 10, 10 and 9 spots, respectively, of phosphoric esterswere shown to be present. Mammary glands in the four periods were shown to contain glucose-l-phos-phate, fructose-1, 6-diphosphate, glycero-phos phate, and five unknown substances. Fructose-6-phosphate was identified in the glands in the lacta-tion and post-lactation periods, whereas adenosine-triphosphate was undoubtedly present, though in smiler amounts, in lactating mammary glands. Increase of glucose- l-phosphate and disappearance of galactose were most rapid in lactating mammary glands in the incubates of gluucose and galactose.

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Analyzing the data obtained from the ensilage made in different districts of Japan, the author investigated into factors determining the quality of ensilage and described the relationship between the pH value and organic acid content, between the pH value and dry matter content and between the pH value and the loss of nutrients during the ensilaging.
The results obtained are summarized as follows:
1. Contained in a considerable number of samples with butyric acid was pH below 4.0. On the contrary, it was not contained in some samples with pH above 4.0.
It was found that the pH value was the most important, if not the exclusive, criterion of quality, and
2. that sensuous factors, such as color and odor, were the auxiliary criteria. Significant negative correlations were found between the pH value and the hue, and between the pH value and the luminosity of the extract of ensilage.
3. The lactic acid content of green maize ensilage was significantly larger than that of sweetpotat ovine ensilage.
4. Remarkable negative correlations were found between the pH value and lactic acid content, and between the pH value and the ratio of lactic acid content to the total acid.
5. Moreover, significant positive correlations were found between the pH value and butyric acid content, and between the pH value and the ratio of butyric acid content to the total acid.
There was asignificant correlation between the lactic acid content and butyric acid content. On the other hand, a significant correlation was found between the pH value and the totol acid.
6. Significant negative correlations were found between the pH value and the loss of crude protein, during the storage of ensilage and between lactic acid content and the loss of crude protein during the storage.
7. The correlation between the pH value and the density of ensilage as a mass was significantly positive within the range of specific gravity from 0.80to 1.10.
8. A negative correlation, r=-0.304, was found between the pH value and the dry matter content of ensilage.
Furthermore, the author's attention will be directed toward the determination of other factors which may have some relations to the quality of ensilage.

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The rate of feed passage in chicken and turkey was already studied by many investigators (HILLERMAN and others, KAUPP and IVEY, STEINMETZER, MITCHELL, etc.). Passage of feed through the alimentary canal is reported to be markedly faster in the fowl than in the quadruped, although the reported data differ to a great extent according to different methods used by the investigators. In order to study first the manner of movement of a given "food indicator" (ferric oxide) in the alimentary canal of chicken, 24 White Leghorns were used as experimental birds, which were given 0.6g of ferric oxide at the same time, Then they were killed successively one by one at 30 minutes' intervals beginning at 30 minutes after feeding. In each bird the whole content of the alimentary canal was investigated macroscopically for the transition and distribution of the given ferric oxide. We have found that after 30 minutes, ferric oxide diffused into the whole content of the crop, although a small portion of the ferric oxide moved already into the duodenum at this time. After 2 hours and a half, it was first demonstrated, though in a trace, in the content of the cloaca. About 70 to 80 per cent of the given amount of ferric oxide were excreted in feces, between 3 to 4 hours after dosage. The final trace (remainder) of the ferric oxide given was found to move into the large intestine and cloaca after 7 hours and later.
The dry matter amount of each portion of the digestive-canal content was quantitatively analyzed. It was fpund that 80 per cent of the total dry matter remained, almost in all cases, between the crop and the gizzard (especially, 60% in the crop), while only 20% of the total dry matter remained in the whole intestinal tract from the duodenum to the cloaca. The dry matter found in the crop and gizzard had a very low water content(34∼65% water), while that found in the intestinal tract had a high water content (80% water). The latter watery condition shows a possibility of rapid chemical digestion and rapid absorption in the intestinal tract and, at the same time, a rapid passage of indigestible dry matter to feces.
Therefore, from the two experiments above, it was seen that a given feed, entering the crop, began to mix with other feed taken before and continued to mix further, while a portion of the mixed feed began to move successively to the intestinal treat through the gizzard so that it might be digested with an aid of a large quantity of digestive juice. The passage time estimated by the ferric oxide method in birds shows mainly the "intestinal tube" passage time of a precursor ferric oxide, because at that time, more than half of the ferric oxide given is found to exist still in the crop and gizzard. It seems, therefore, that the time required to pass the whole feed given will be about three to four times longer than the time estimated by the ferric oxide method.

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The ferric oxide method (by HILLERMAN et al.) was adopted to measure the feed passage time in chickens. This method was proved by our previous experiment to be useful in measuring mainly the intestinal passage time but not in measuring the passage time through the whole digestive tract of a given feed.
1. The passage tune was found not to differ among the breeds, especially between the White Leghorn and the Nagoya (a Japanese breed), being 3 hours 6 minutes and 3 hours 15 minutes respectively, with no statistically significant difference.
2. A difference was shown between birds before laying and after laying ; the laying hen passed feed more slowly than the non-laying. This difference, however, was partly caused by the "age" influence, which must be separated from the pure "laying" influence by a further study.
3. The age of chicken was a factor to retard the time for feed passage.
4. The fiber content of chicken feed caused an increase in the velocity of feed passage.
5. Surgical diseases reduced the passage rate.
6. Birds in the nesting time pass feed much slower than normal birds.

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To contribute to the knowledge of the blood groups of goat, on which few reports have been published, the experiments described here were performed to classify the blood corpuscles of goat by their antigens. The following results were obtained.
1. There are two agglutinogens, G1 and G2, and two hemolysinogens, Y1 and Y2, in the blood corpuscles.
2. The blood is divided into four types by the two agglutinogens. The distribution of the four types among 481 goats is as follows: G1 type, 93.56% (450 head); G2 type, 0.62%(3); G1G2 type, 0.42%(2), and O type, 5.40% (26).
3. The blood is classified into four types by the two hemolysinogens. The distribution of these types among 281 gots is as follows: Y1 type, 6.76% (19 head); Y2 type, 4.63%(13); Y1Y2 type, 4.27%(12), and O type, 84.34% (237).
4. Accordingly, the blood groups consist of 16 types, the distribution of which among 281 goats is as follows : G1 type, 78.65% (221 head); G2 type, 0.36%(1); G1G2 type, 0.71%(2); Y1 type, 1.07%(3); Y2 type, none; Y1Y2 type, 0.71 % (2); G1Y1 type, 5.69%(16); G2Y1 type, none; G1G2Y1 type, none; G1Y2 type, 4.63%(l3); G2Y2 type, 0. 36%(1); G1G2Y2 type, none; G1Y1Y2 type, 3.56%(10) ; G2Y1Y2 type, none; C 1G2Y1Y2 type, none; and O type, 4.27%(12).

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In the case of manufacturing the fermented milk by Lb. bulgaricus we often find out some action injurious to lactic acid fermentation in raw skim milk. We conducted this study to discover the cause of such action.
Results obtained are as follows:
1. Any phage action against Lb. bulgaricus could not be demonstrated in this milk.
2. Any actions retarding lactic acid fermentation were not observed in some putrefactive microbes which contaminated the milk during the fermentation process.
3. The extraction of antibiotic substances was not successful in this milk, althongh some antibiotic in a concentration equivalent to 5.4 units perml. of penicillin was contained in it.

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Seven adult cows of the Japenese indigenous breed were used as experimental animals in this study. Each of them was forced to pull on the flat road a sleigh with load weighing 100, 000kgm.(moderate work) and 200, 000kgm.(heavy work), respectively. Her electrocardiogram was recorded three times, namely, immediately after and 30 and 60 minutes after the work. The control electrocardiogram was recorded before the work. In this study the lead employed was right-front-leg to anus.
Principal results are summarized as follows:
1. The height of P wave seems to decrease after the work, and recover after 30 minutes in the moderate work, but it did not recover even after an hour in the heavy work.
2. The effect of work on the height of both Q and R wave was not recognized distinctly in this study.
3. After the work the height of T wave was increased in some instances and decreased in others.In a few case the T wave was inverted after the work. Then, the author could not confirm the effect of work on the height of T wave.
4. The PP interval was shortened by 0.2-0.3 minutes after the moderate work and by 0.4-0.5 minutes after the heavy one. In the moderate work it did not perfectly recover after 30 minutes and seemed to recover after an hour. In the heavy work it did not recover after 30 minutes and did not seemed to recover even after an hour.
5. The PQ interval was shortened by 0.015 minutes after the moderate work and by 0.021 minutes after the heavy one. The author could not recognize any trend in the recovering of the PQ interval after both moderate and heavy work in this study.
6. The QT interval seemed to be prolonged by 0.008 minutes after the moderate work and by 0.021 minutes after the heavy one. This interval almost recovered after 30 minutes in the moderate work, but did not perfectly recover even after an hour in the heavy work.
7. From the above-mentioned results, the author concludes that the P wave, and PP and QT inter. vals should be investigated when the electrocardiogram is used to determine the degree of fatigue and recovery from fatigue in the bovine heart after the work.

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1) Digestion experiments on young swine (3-to 4-month old Yorkshires) were performed to determine the digestibility of wheat bran, rice bran, soybean oil-cake, starch feed (sweet potatoes) and fishmeal (with impurities). The results are as follows.
2. The digestibility thus obtained was compared with that shown in Yorkshire swine 7 to 9 months old. The digestion coefficient of crude protein of each kind of feed differs only slightly between the two experimental groups. That of crude fat and N-free extract was nearly the same in the two groups from a practical standpoint of feeding, although there were some points of difference. That of crude fiber except in wheat bran, was lower in the younger group than the older. The high crude fiber igestibility of starch feed was obtained in the younger swineas was the case in the 7-to 9-month old ones.
3. The digestion coefficient of the mixed concentrates used in this experiment was almost the same in the two groups. This is inconsistent with the result mentioned above, but may be explained by the possible existence of associative digestibility.

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1) Eggs of the White Leghorn and the Nagoya breeds were compared with regard to the internal structure, thickness of the shell, etc. Egg used werecollected from hens of both breeds which were hatched at the same time, reared in the same manner and fed the same ration.
The investigation was begun on eggs laid two months later from the day of.the first egg production.
2) No difference in the egg weight was found between the two breeds, but the content of egg shell was heavier in the Nagoya breed than in the White Leghorn/13.38% vs. 11.59%). The content of yolk was also heavier in the former than in the latter(30.60% vs. 23.66%).
3) No significant difference was found in the average thickness of egg shell (348.6μ-349, 9μ) between the two breeds. However, from the result here obtained and that of the previous determination of egg shell content in the whole egg, it can be said that the density of egg shell in the Nagoya breed is larger than that of egg shell in the White Leghorn. This conclusion was proved by an experispecific gravity of the egg shell.
4) The average thickness of egg shell membrane was greater in the Nagoya than in the White Leghorn (58μ vs. 50μ).
5) Thickness of egg shell was not uniform in the White Leghorn, but uniform in the hlagoya. White Leghorns showed an increase in the thickness of egg shell from the blunt end to the sharp. The thickness of egg shell membrane was also invetigated at the same time and was found not to be uniform in both breeds, showing a radual decrease in thickness from the blunt end to the sharp.
6) The egg white contained a larger quantity of thick white in the Nagoya than in the White Leghorn breed.

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The object of this study was to investigate in details how the pulse rate of the farm animal changed according to various intensity of work.
As the experimental animals two castrated goats were used. They were 2 years old and weighed about 26 kg.
The work imposed on the goat was the walking on the horizontal treadmill which turned at the rate of 42.9meters a minute. The draft resistances for the goats in walking were four kinds, 2 kg., 3 kg., 4 kg. and 5 kg.: the walking hours were three kinds, 10 min., 20 min. and 30 min. Accordingly, the work imposed on the experimental animals had twelve varieties.
The pulse rates were examined just before, during and soon after the work and during the recovering period, by means of the stethoscope.
During the work, the treadmill was stopped at 2 minutes intervals and the pulse rate examined as soon as the mill stopped on each occasion. The treadmill was also stopped for a little while, at most 15 seconds, during the work in order to count the pulse rate. Principal results obtained were as follows:
1. The pulse rate was increased rapidly on accoun t of the work, especially during the first 2 minutes after the beginning. We called this rise in the pulse rate the early rising. During the work the early rising was followed by a gradual increase of the pulserate, the extent of increase depending on intensity of work. This gradual increase was called the late rising by us.
When the work was over, the pulse rate decreased rapidly, especially in the first 2 minutes after work. We called this fall in the pulse rate the early falling.
After the work the early falling was followed by the gradual decrease, and then the pulse rate recovered to such a level as before the work in due time. We called this gradual decrease of the pulse rate the late falling.
2. The increasing rate of the early rising was nearly proportionate to the increase of draft resistance against the pull of the goat, and an individual difference was shown between the two goats. The change in this increasing rate was especially remarkable when the draft resistance had been changed from 3 kg. to 4kg. Then, so far as the draft resistance was concerned, it seemed that such resistance was the limit between the moderate and the too heavy load for those goats.
3. The curve of the late rising of the pulse rate in the 30-minute work became nearly horizontal or a little upward going when the resistance had been 3 kg. or 4kg., and was considerably steep when it had been 4kg. or 5 kg. From this fact we can presume that when the draft resistance is more than 4kg. it is overloading for the adult goat.
4. The decreasing rate of the early falling was also nearly proportionate to the increase of draft resistance against the goat, regardless of the duration of walking, and an individual difference was also shown between the two goats. Changes in the decreasing rate were especially remarkable when the resistance had been changed from 3kg. to 4kg. This tendency in the early falling was almost the same with that observed in the early rising of the pulse rate, though the rate of the former was a little greater than that of the latter.
5. Regardless of the duration of walking, the curve of the late falling declined gradually when the resistance had been 2 kg. or 3 kg., and more steeply down when it had been over 4 kg. This tendency in the late falling resembled that in the above-mentioned late rising.
6. For every piece of work imposed in this experiment, we measured an area demarcated by the curves of the early and late rising, and the early and late falling of the pulse rate and their base lines on the graph. The planimeter method was used for this measurement. We called this area temporarily the area of pulse-rate curve.

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To keep eggs fresh for a comparatively long time, we processed eggs with an oily emulsion prepared by dispersing liquid paraffin containing a small amount of non-ionic surface active agents in about 6 times volume of water. The effects of this processing were examined as follows. At first, processed eggs were incubated at 27°C for 20, 30 and 40 days, respectively, and then measured for (1) the loss in weight, (2) pH of albumen, (3) yolk index (depthl/width), (4) the weight of dense albumen contents, and (5) phosphorus contents in albumen, the bacterial count in yolk and albumen being taken at the same time.
The following results were obtained.
(1) The loss in weight was much smaller in the processed eggs than in non-processed control eggs.
(2) The value of pH in albumen was kept constant for the stored period.
(3) The decrease in yolk index was much slower in the processed eggs than in the control eggs.
(4) The amount of dense albumen was kept apparently unchanged for the stored period.
(5) The phosphorus content in the albumen of the processed egg gradually increased in the stored period. but the increasing ratio was smaller than that of the control eggs.
(6) The bacterial count showed no remarkable increase. No pathogenic bacteria were observed.
These results suggest that this simple procedure is an excellent method to keep eggs in fresh conditions for a relatively long time.

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