1. The investigation was carried out to clarify functional significance of the testicular interstitial cells. Rats of the Wistar strain were used their testes under different physiological and experimental conditions examined.
Classifications and numbers of animals used are as follows: (1) 3 testes of senile atrophy, (2) 6 testes of congenital azoospermia, (3) 6 natural cryptorchid testes, (4) 3 artificially-prepared cryptorchid testes, (5) 11 testes treated with and rogen, (6) one testis treated with estrogen, (7) 3 testes treated simultaneously with androgen and estrogen, (8) 7 testes from hypophysectomized rats and (9) 10 testes from rats hypophysectomized and treated successively with androgen.
2. Histological preparations of the glands were made by the methods which were described in the author's previous paper.
Attention was paid to the interpretation of morphological alterations of interstitial cells and general aging processes which were shown with the advancement the of age. Furthermore, critical discussions were made on the role of interstitial cells as related to an appearance of spermatogenesis.
3. The structural changes of the testis, which are assumed to be due to various derivations, may be divided into three large categories, i.e., (1) regression of the germinal epithelium, (2) atrophy of the interstitial tissue, and (3) appearance of both of the above-stated involutions. Among those divisions, the atrophy of interstitial tissue alone seems to be uncommon in normal condition.
4. Frequently the interstitial tissue looks as it is in the normal adult, although the germinal epithelium has regressed completely. Such tissue presents the following structural differences when compared with that of a young adult in functional stages: (1) decrease in number of mature interstitial cells with secretory function, (2) prominent proliferation of connective tissue fibers in the intertubular space, and (3) thickening of the tubular wall. In parallel to these changes the involuted LEYDIG cells tend to increase in number.
5. Degranulation of mature LEYDIG cells seems to be correlated with the testicular endocrine function. Furthermore, the substance produced by these LEYDIG cells is considered to have some stimulative effect on the germinal epithelium of the seminiferous tubule owing to its tissue permeability in the intertubular space.

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1. In the macroscopic resazurin test, an quality inspection of milk could be done by the “one hour test” in which the color change was divided into 7 degrees.
2. When 1cc of 1% formalin was added to a test sample, the reduction time was shortened and it took almost 15 min. for a milk sample containing about four million bacteria to reduce resazurin pigment. From this result, this reduction time could be used as a practical standard for the inspection of the quality of milk.
3. When oxygen was eliminated from a sample by the Thumberg vacuum tube, the reduction time was shortened remarkably. From the results of redox-potential experiments, it would seem that the re duction of pigment was due to the deterioration of redox-potential caused by oxygen censumption of bacteria.
4. Lactose in milk had little reductive ability of resazurin pigment.

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The ultimate aim of this series of studies is to find out a method for high-yield biosynthesis by utilizing Torula. However, Torula grows so rapidly that it is very difficult to understand its essential properties.
In the present research, therefore, experiment^s have been carried out with Rhodotorula, in which it takes four days until it reaches the maximum growth. Such bacteria as Strept. lactis, the Yukitoshi strain of E. coil and Bact. succinicum, which produce organic acids in the aerobic condition, were added to culture media at the time when the fermentation of Rhodotorula began, and one day and two days before, and after fermentation respectively. The results were as follows.
1. When the Yukitoshi strain of E. coli and Rhodotorula were planted and cultivated at the same time, the yield of Rhodotorula was two and a half times as much as that in the absence of the Yukitoshi strain.
2. A better yield of Rhodotorula was obtained when the Yukitoshi strain was added to the medium and statically cultivated for one day and then the culture was pasteurized at 65°C for 15 minutes, at the end of which Rhodotorula was cultivated in this medium.

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1. Two kinds of feed, A (naked barley flour plus fish meal) and B (naked barley flour puls defatted soybean meal), were so prepared as to have almost the same chemical compositoin. Feed nitrogen was classified according to solubility to various solvents and the digestibility of nitrogen contained in each fraction was determined with hamsters. In the determination of digestibility. chromic oxide was used as an indicator.
2. The digestibility coefficients of dry matter of feed samples A and B were almost equal, but the digestibility of crude protein of sample B was considerably lower than that of A.
3. In both samples, water-soluble nitrogen, which was conceived to be most digestible of all the fractions, showed rather low digestibility. This may be taken to indicate that the apparent digestibility of this fraction was largely diminished by the excretion of metabolic fecal nitrogen.
4. There were comparatively large differences in digestibility of water-soluble, 0.2%-NaOH-soluble, hot-alcoholic-NaOH-soluble and insoluble nitrogen between samples A and B.
5. It is clear that even the same fractions of both feed samples show no equal digestibility of nitrogen. No conclusions can be drawn from the results of the present work in respect to the correlation of solubility and digestibility of feed nitrogen.

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In this paper, the authors discussed iodine contents of thyroids of 20 hogs, 14 kids about one to three months of age, 3 goats and 8 sheep collected at the Nagano and the Ueda slaughterhouses in a goitrous region of Nagano prefecture, in comparison with those of 16 hogs, 14 kids approximately one to three months of age, 2 goats and 2 sheepcollected at the Takaoka slaughterhouse in a nongoitrous region of Toyama prefecture. All these thyroids were collected in May, 1954.
The gland was weighed after carefully dissected from the adjacent connective tissue and fat. A whole., gland. except a small piece which was used for histological examination, was minced, dried and pulverized, The iodine content in the moisture-free residue was determined by Leitch & Henderson's method. Some experimental results showing the accuracy of the method are illustrated in Table 1.
Results obtained here are summarized as follows:
1. Iodine contents of swine thyroids are shown in Tables 2 and 3. Statistically, the difference in the mean between the group of swine thyroids with normal structure collected in anat-gaitraus regian ane that of pathalagie glands callected in a goitrous significant (P: 0.05-0.02).
2. Iodine contents of kid thyroids: The analytical results are shown in Tables 4 and 5. The difference in the mean between normal thyroids of kids from a non-goitrous region and those of kids from a goitrous region was statistically significant (P: 0.05-0.02). Between the normal thyroid group in the former region and the pathologic thyroid group in the latter, there was a highly significant di-fference (P<0.001).
3. Iodine contents of goat and sheep thyroids are shown in Tables 6 and 7.

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The non-edible portion of fish which comes out from fish mongers' shops used widely in poultry feeding in Japan. We studied the nutritive value of it as a source of protein and solubles of the chickrearing ration and as vitamin D oil for the egg-laying ration.
The results are as follows: 1. The pressed and benzin-extracted residue of fish scraps has a much better nutritive value as protein feed for chicks than soybean meal and is slightly inferior to that of herring scraps.
2. The solubles prepared from the pressed juice of fish scraps are better supplement for the chick ration than the pupal solubles made from silk-worm pupae.
3. Addition of the oil from the non-edible portion of fish to the laying ration has increased egg production. The result shows that the oil has the effect of vitamin D oil.

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In order to clarify the normal involutionary changes in the reproductive organs and adrenals which occur as a results of hypophysectomy, a histological study on these organs of hypophysectomized female mice was performed. Twenty immature and 28 mature mice of the bc strain were subjected hypophysectomy and autopsied at various periods ranging from 1 to 150 days after hypophysectomy. the operation the immature mice were 28 to 30 days of age, and the mature ones 2 months of age. autopsy, the organs to be studied were all dissected from the surrounding fatty connective tissue, weighed and prepared for histological studies. The fixatives and staining methods employed were the same as those described in our previous reports, except for some cases in which the organs were fixed in chilled 80% alcohol and stained for alkaline monoglycerophosphatase by Gomori's technic.
Following hypophysectomy there was a fall in boby weight. The reproductive organs and adrenal glands regressed in weight and underwent a pronounced atrophy. The changes in organ weights are summarized in tables 1 and 2.
Ovaries: A very rapid regression in size of ovaries took place. Thus there has been a loss of some 50% in weight on the 10th day after hypophysectomy. The first structures to show significant changes after hypophysectomy were large and medium sized follicles. Signs of atresia began to be seen as early as 24 hours, showing clumping of chromatin and achromatolysis of the granulosa cells. Later the thecal cells underwent atrophy, the ovum degenerated and on the 5th day no large follicles remained. Small follicles showed a gradual decrease in number and very few were seen on the 25th day, the ovary becoming to be filled with stromal cells. However, growth of the primordial follicles did not cease. They might develop to the beginning stage of antrum formation, because in the granulosa cells of the small follicles, although not numerous, mitosis were often seen. In the ovaries of prepuberally operated mice, pituitary defficiency manifestations were also evident. Since abvanced stages of follicular maturation did not occur in any case. The most interesting fact about alkaline phosphatase which has emerged from this study is that all follicles of varying size develop large quantities of the enzyme in the granulosa layer which is normally almost devoid of activity.
Ovarian stroma: The ovarian stroma of the operated mice was composed of a highly cellular tissue with densely staining nuclei. The nuclei underwent a retrogressive process designated as “wheel cell formation”.
Corpora lutea: When corpora lutea were present, a process of degeneration began within 5 days and ended by the 20th day after the operation. Corpora lutea of pregnancy in the mice operated at midpregnancy, however, looked quite normal at the end of gestation.
Uterus and Vagina: After the operation the uterus atrophied to a small and compact structure, very similar to that found in the spayed animals. The vaginal epithelium underwent a pronounced atrophy and the epithelium consisted of two layers of cells only.
Adrenal gland: The adrenal glands underwent cortical atrophy in a marked degree and their individual cells decreased in size. The histological changes produced by hypophysectomy in the adrenal glands were almost the same as those described in our previous papers, but were somewhat prominent in females. It is of considerable interest that after operation alkaline phophatase developed in the adrenal medullary cells, which is normally devoid of activity in them.

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For the identification of rennin and pepsin, the hydrolysis curve method with the variation of pH of the protein substrate, and the method using paperelectrophoresis, especially the latter, are suitable.
In paper-electrophoresis it is better to carry it out at the pH of isoelectric point of one enzyme and, moreover, to perform mixed electrophoresis with a known enzyme and to compare the coagulation ability and hydrolysis ability of separated enzyme fractions.
Then, with this method we could ascertain the progress of rennin decrease and repsin increase in the stomach as a calf grew.

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1. It was deduced that even by foaming for 5 hrs. at 20°C., the shape of casein particles was scarcely denatured.
2. By condensing and drying, casein particles were aggregated, forming larger particles.
3. It was deduced that, by condensing and drying, calcium was combined tightly with casein particles, but phosphorus had no relations with casein aggregation.
4. Keeping quality of powdered skim-milk depended on the moisture it contained. When moisture content was below 5%, it seemed that powdered skim-milk was scarcely denaturated with regard to chemical composition even after storage for one month at 37°C.

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