All issues
Volume 28, Issue 4
Displaying 1-12 of 12 articles from this issue
- |<
- <
- 1
- >
- >|
-
Masahisa MAENO1957 Volume 28 Issue 4 Pages 197-202
Published: October 30, 1957
Released on J-STAGE: January 25, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (1250K) -
III Effecf of the Dialysable Substance of Egg yolkIsao IIDA1957 Volume 28 Issue 4 Pages 203-209
Published: October 30, 1957
Released on J-STAGE: January 25, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effect of the dialysable substance of egg yolk upon semen metabolism was studied. The resulta are summarized as follows:
(1) The dialysable portion of egg yolk was effective for maintaining the motility and oxygen consumption of boar spermatozoa.
(2) The non-dialysable portion of egg yolk had no effect on the motility, nor increased the respiration of spermatozoa.
(3) The effective constituents contained in the dialysable portion were heat-stable and ether-insoluble. It was found by paeer chromatography that they consisted of amino acids and carbohydrate.
(4) The boiled extract of egg yolk was effective for maintaining the motility and oxygen consumption of boar spermatozoa as was the dialysable portion.
(5) An amino acid preparation containing 10%. glucose, 4% arginine, 1.8% histidine, 5.0% Iysine 3% leucine and isoleucine, 2.0% methionine, 5.0% phenylalanine, 3.5% thyreonine, 0.8% tryptophane, and 3.2% valine was effective for sperm respiration. Its effective activity was attributed to the presence of glucose.
In conclusion, the constituents of egg yolk were effective as the source of energy in semen metabolismas was glucose.View full abstractDownload PDF (1336K) -
II On Clean Wool Yield Variation among Body Regions and Prediction of Clean Yield of Entire Fleece of the Corriedale SheepKazuo SUGAI, Hiroshi NAGASAWA1957 Volume 28 Issue 4 Pages 210-213
Published: October 30, 1957
Released on J-STAGE: January 25, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis study was conducted to investigate the variations in clean wool yield percentage among body regions and the relative reliability of each clean yield of 8 regions for predicting the clean yield percentage of the entire fleece of the Japanese Corriedale sheep. The animals examined were 10 Corriedale yearling ewes born in the spring of 1954 in the chugoku Stock Breeding Farm of the Ministr of Agriculture and Forestry. The clean wool yield percentages of small wool samples taken prior to the shearing time at 13 to 14 months after birth, from each sheep in 8 body regions including withers, back, rump, shoulder, side, hip, belly and thigh, were compared with one another and with the clean yield percentage of the entire fleece.
The results obtained are as follows.
1. Higher clean yield percentages were obtained from the withers (55.42%), back (52.55%), rump (52.62%) and shoulder (52.44%) and lower percen tages from the side (50.94%), hip (51.60%), belly (51.05%) and thigh (49.58%).
2. The mean clean yield percentage of the entire fleeces (47.33%) was lower than that of any one of the 8 body regions.
3. The difference in the clean yield percentages among the individuals and among the regions was highly significant and the difference among the individuals was greater than that among the regions.
4. Correlation coefficients between the clean yield percentages of small wool samples from the 8 regions and those of the entire fleeces showed different values among the body regions; higher coefficients were obtained from the rump, thigh, hip, belly and back and no significant coefficients from the withers, shoulder and side.
5. From the results of the present study it seems that among clean wool yield percentages of the small wool samples from the back, rump, hip, belly and thigh, differences in accuracy for prediction of clean yield percentage of the entire fleece are so small and clean wool yield, percentage of each of these five regions would be adequate for use in predicting the clean yield percentage of the whole fleece.View full abstractDownload PDF (752K) -
XI. On the Determination of Digestibility with Manganese Dioxide as IndicatorMasao KAMETAKA1957 Volume 28 Issue 4 Pages 214-218
Published: October 30, 1957
Released on J-STAGE: January 25, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1. The apparent digestibility of fresh wild white clover and its hay was determined on two rabbits of the same litter. Digestibility was, in general, higher in the fressh grass, particularly with respect to true protein and crude fat, and that of crude fiber was a little higher in the fresh grass than in the hay.
2. A few reports have been published on the determination of digestibility on rabbits by means of the so-called index method. It is desirable in this method to determine in a simpe and accurate way the substance used as index or indicator.
The author has been investigating the possibility of determining the apparent digestibility with manganese dioxide as indicator. In the present study, the manganese index method was appliad as follows: In the first trial, 100g of fresh wild white clover containing 0.1g of manganese dioxide were fed 5 times a day, the total amount of the clover fed being 500g and that of manganese dioxide 0.5g for a day. In the second trial, 55g of hay of the clover containing 0.5g of manganese dioxide were divided into 30 and 25g and given twice a day.10 days, the digestibility was determined on the basis of manganese ratio.
3. Between the digestibility determined by the usual total collection method, the difference was scarcely found in the first trial, and it was 1 to 2% in the second trial.
The digestibility was lower when determined by the manganese index method than by the other method.
The recovery of the manganese dioxide given with the feed was nearly 100% in the first trial and approximately 96% in the second trial.
The reason for this recovery percentage may be that in the second trial manganese dioxide was added to the total amount of the hay required for the whole trial period before the trial, was started and that, because of the greater specific gravity of manganese dioxide than that of the hay the dis tribution of the manganese dioxide in the ration was changed by careless handling, especially by shaking, of the glass vessel containing the material, in the trial period, thus probably causing irregular daily intake of manganesedioxide by the animal.View full abstractDownload PDF (915K) -
X. On the Distribution of Feed Constituents in the Contents of the Alimentary TractMasao KAMETAKA1957 Volume 28 Issue 4 Pages 219-223
Published: October 30, 1957
Released on J-STAGE: January 25, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1. A rabbit, weighing 3.21kg, was sacrificed.after it was fed 800g of green dandelion leaves daily for 20days. The contents of four portions of the alimentary tract, namely, the stomach, small intestine, cecum, and colon, were analyzed chemically. The highest percentage of moisture, 88.45 %, was found in the content of the small intestine. The percentage of crude protein, as determined on dry matter basis, was the highest, 38.38%, in the content of the small intestine. The content of the colon and that of the cecum, followed with almost equal values to each other. The percentage was the lowest in that of the stomach. A higher percentage of true protein was found in the content of the colon than in that of the cecum, while the lowest percentage of crude fiber, 5.55%, was found in the content of the small intestine.
2. Two rabbits, of the same litter weighing 2.3kg each, were sacrificed after they were fed 55g of dried wild white clover containing approximately 1 % manganese dioxide daily for more than 20days.
The contents of the four portions of the ali mentary tract were analyzed chemically and manganesecontent was determined colorimetrically. It was remarkable that more crude protein, crude fat and ash and less crude fiber were found in the content of the small intestine than in that of the stomach. More crude fiber, nitrogen-free extract and ash were found in the content of the cecum than in that of the small intestine. From this fact it seemspossible that the crude fiber moves rapidly through the small intestine and accumulates in the cecum.
3. The author emphasizes the importance of the content of the cecum not only from a qualitative but also from a quantitative point of view, and particularly constancy in the quality of the content of the cecum almost in dependent from the kind of ration, as shown in the present study on crude protein content.
4. The emphasis mentioned above is made on the premise that manganese dioxide moves uniformly through the alimentary tract. It may be impossible, however, that manganese dioxide moves uniformly in the cecum, because the organ has a spiral structure. As knowledge on the physiology of the movement of the cecal content is limited, this problemis not dealt with in the present study.View full abstractDownload PDF (985K) -
Kyuki MATSUMOTO, Ikuo OKADA1957 Volume 28 Issue 4 Pages 224-233
Published: October 30, 1957
Released on J-STAGE: January 25, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe vicissitude of myoglobin and hemoglobin in the urine following strenuous exercise was studied experimentally. Also possible sources of myoglobinuria and hemoglobinuria was discussed.
Methods: Mares were divided into three groups, A, B, and C, of three. The exercise was 12 kilometers' mounted gallop in group A, and 10 kilometers mounted and unmounted gallop in groups B and C, respectively, which was imposed every day for 3 to 5 days. Myoglobin and hemoglobin contents in urine and blood specimens collected before and after the exercise were determined serologically by the precipitin ring test. The antisera used were specific as shown in Table 1.
The atmospheric condition during the experimental period was almost good and out-door temperature was 18 to 25°C (see Table 2).
Results: 1) Some symptoms observed on the mares of each group before and after the exercise showed the same tendency. It took 3 hours until the physical condition of the mare returned to the normal state after the exercise (Tables 3 and 8).
2) Hemoglobinemia was observed only in group A and not in the other groups. Myoglobinemia occurred in only one mare of group A. Both changes in the blood were observed at the end of the exercise (Tables 6 and 12).
The mechanism of hemoglobinemia and myoglobinemia caused following the exercise was obscure.3) Myoglobinuria and hemoglobinuria were observed in the same mare of group A as described in the preceding paragraph (Table 5). Myoglobin in urine specimens decreased day by day, but hemoglobin had the opposite tendency.
Different from myoglobinemia and hemoglobinemia, myoglobin and hemoglobin in the urine were observed for the first time 1 hour after the exercise.Hemoglobinuria was observed, however, only at 1 hour after the exercise. This discrepancy between myoglobin and hemoglobin is probably due to the difference in the renal threshold.
4) Myoglobinuria and hemoglobinuria seemed to occur as a result of myoglobinemia and hemoglobinemia. They dissppeared a few hours after the exercise.
5) Tests on sera for the production of autoantibody to myoglobin were negative (Table 7).
6) In all mares of group A, except one mentioned in paragraphs 2 and 3, an unknown substance which reacted to various normal sera was found in urine speimens collected 1 hour after the exercise. The substance was not identified in this study.View full abstractDownload PDF (1808K) -
Kyuki MATSUMOTO, Teiichiro TONOUE1957 Volume 28 Issue 4 Pages 234-238
Published: October 30, 1957
Released on J-STAGE: January 25, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSRecently AMSOHLER has pointed out the significance of the thyroid function in his work on the “Freilandhaltung” in which animals expcised to low temperatures in the open air showed no decrease in their productive capacity.
On the Hidaka, Hokkaido, Experiment Farm of the Hokkaido University, about 100 horses are being kept under the conditions analogous to those adopted by AMSCHLER in his “Freilandhaltung”.
In order to study the physiological significance of the thyroid function in grazing and the cold-resistance of these horses, and to ascertain the differences among ages, breeds and types of management and their significance, the authors determined protein bound serum iodine (PBI) levels in grazing and stable horses.
The animals on experiment were divided into four groups. Group A consisted of 8 grazing crossbred mares 31/2 to 181/2 years of age at the beginning of experiment, group B, 7 grazing crossbred filies 12/2 years of age, group C, 8 grazing native pony mares 31/2 to 151/2 years of age, group D, 8 crossbred maresin stable 31/2 to 161/4 years of age.
Determinations were made four times in the experimental period of a year, that is, December, 1955, nd March, June, and September, 1956.
Results obtained were as follows:
1. In each of the four groups, the seasonal variation of the PBI levels varied in accordance with the ambient temperature.
This would be because the increased consumption of thyroid hormone by the animal due to its exposure to cold exceeded any increase in thyroid activity and hormone production.
2. In all seasons, except spring, the average PBI level in group B was significantly higher than that in group A. This would be because the thyroid activity of young horses was higher than that of old ones. In all seasons the average PBI level of group. C was significantly higher than that of group A. This would be due to the difference between the breeds in thyroid activity or in cold-resistance as. determined by the hormonal consumption.
Group D showed, a higher average PBI level in all seasons than group A but the differences between the groups in winter and summer were not statistically significant. This would be due to the similarity of the ambient temperature in both seasons.
3. The individual difference in PBI level was ascertained by variance analysis, and in groups A, C and D the variances of PBI level in the same group. were larger in the cold season than in the warm season. In other words, the individual difference was seen more clearly in the cold season when the thyroid function was more activated.
4. From these results, a possibility of using some indices which express the activity of thyroid function was discussed in relation to the selection of animals to be grazed at low ambient temperature.View full abstractDownload PDF (942K) -
II. Determination of Lactose in the mammary gland of rats.Hirokazu SHIMIZU, Yoichi SHODA, Kazuo KURETANI, Saburo UGAMI1957 Volume 28 Issue 4 Pages 239-241
Published: October 30, 1957
Released on J-STAGE: January 25, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1. An experiment was carried out to determine quantitative changes in the lactose content.of the mammary gland of rats in pregnancy, at parturition, during lactation and at weaning.
2. The lactose content was estimated by the semimicroquantitative method of Malpress and Morrison. Litters were allowed to suckle until just before the death of their mothers so that the milk retained in the mammary gland might be removed as completely as possible.
3. Lactose was never found in the mammary gland during pregnancy, but appeared promptly at the ti me of parturition, namely, initiation of lactation, and the weaning was followed by a rapid decrease of lactose in the mammary gland. These findings were fairly well agreeable with the results reported by Kuretani, but were incompatible with the rasults given by Folley and Greenbaum who demonstrated the presence of lactose in the rat mammary tissue at tha beginning of pregnancy and there after. This difference seemed to be attributed to the different methods of lactose determination.
4. Since no lactose was found in the mammary gland even at the late stage of pregnancy, a milklike substance was shown by histological examination to accumulate in ducts and alveoli at this stage, but it was, not the true milk. Therefore, the demonstration of lactose in the mammary gland seemed to be a criterion to determine the true lactation in the experiment of induction of lactation.View full abstractDownload PDF (583K) -
II Influence of Carotene Intake on the Resistance ot Calves to ColdTatuo KOYANAGI, Satoshi ODAGIRI, Shin-ichi HAREYAMA, Hisashi KASHIMA, ...1957 Volume 28 Issue 4 Pages 242-245
Published: October 30, 1957
Released on J-STAGE: January 25, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDuring the severe cold season, 6 calves were fed a carotene deficient ration with and without carotene supplement. The basal ration consisted of beet pulp, wheat bran, oat, soybean meal, salt and calcium carbonate. Of 3 calves fed only the deficient ration two caught cold, which led them to death ultimately. The remaining one suffered from diarrhea and became blind after 6 months' experimental period.
In the 3 animals, vitamin A level of the blood plasma fell to 5γ to 7γ per 100 cc and that of the liver was found to be very low (104, 129, 160 r per 100 g of liver).
On the contrary, a normal growth was shown in. the other three supplied with carotene (8, 000 I. U.).View full abstractDownload PDF (710K) -
III. Nitric-oxide MyoglobinTsutomu YASUI1957 Volume 28 Issue 4 Pages 246-248
Published: October 30, 1957
Released on J-STAGE: June 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSpectrophotometric experiments were conducted on the nitric oxide myoglobin prepared by adding Na2 S2O4 and NaNO2 to solutions of crystallized myoglobin of the horse, cow and hog.
The nitric oxide myoglohin, thus formed, showed its α and β absorption maximum at 580-585 and 547-550mμ, respectively.
This substance was oxidized into metmyoglobin by oxygen in the air and by light, while the solution containing metmyoglobin and nitric oxide myoglobin was possessed of its isosbestic points at 480 522, and 605mμ of wavelength.View full abstractDownload PDF (672K) -
XI Cured Meat Color and Oxidation of Nitric Oxide MyoglobinYosio HASHIMOTO, Tsutomu YASUI1957 Volume 28 Issue 4 Pages 249-251
Published: October 30, 1957
Released on J-STAGE: January 25, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe mechanism of the oxidation of cured-meat pigment and nitric oxide myoglobin was studied experimentally. The results obtainad are as follows:
1) The cured-meat pigrrient originated from the nitric-oxide compound of hemoprotein and its main constituent was nitric oxide myoglobin.
2) The cured-meat pigment was oxidized slowly to metmyoglobin by oxygen in the air. When thlight was added to this process, the oxidation of nitric-oxide myoglobin to metmgoglolin was accelee rated.
3) The velocity constant of photo-oxidation of the cured-meat pigment and nitric-oxide myoglobin at pH 5.6-5.9 was 1.26 hr-1 at room temperature. of 20-25°C and illumination of 3, 000-4, 000 luxes.
4) By inhibiting the primary oxidation with the reducing agent, it was possible to keep nitric-oxide myoglobin in the stabilized state, either in the light or in the dark.View full abstractDownload PDF (545K) -
III. Vitamin A Content in the Blood of Cows Kept on FarmsSatoshi ODAGIRI, Tastuo KOYANAGI, Seigen IMADO1957 Volume 28 Issue 4 Pages 252-254
Published: October 30, 1957
Released on J-STAGE: January 25, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSQuantitative analyses for vitamin A, carotene and calcium were carried out on blood samples collected from cows fed “kuzu” and Lespedezu bicolor on farms of a mountainous region. The results obta ined indicated that these cows had enough carotene for the production of milk even in winter. On the contrary, vitamin A levels in blood samples collected from some cows among those kept near a city and fed insufficient hay dropped to 8γ per 100cc of plasma in March. An addition of concentrated cod liver oil to the winter ration was effective to maintain the blood above the critical level of vitamin A concentration.View full abstractDownload PDF (587K)
- |<
- <
- 1
- >
- >|