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Volume 28, Issue 5
Displaying 1-12 of 12 articles from this issue
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Goro MIYASAKA1957 Volume 28 Issue 5 Pages 261-266
Published: December 30, 1957
Released on J-STAGE: January 25, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (1501K) -
XII Pigment of Cooked Cured MeatYoshio HASHIMOTO, Tsutomu YASUI1957 Volume 28 Issue 5 Pages 267-270
Published: December 30, 1957
Released on J-STAGE: January 25, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSExperiments were conducted on the extraction of pigment from products of cooked cured meat by means of the method described by ANDERTON and LOCKE and spectrophotometric observasions made on the extracts.
As a result, the following facts were obtained:
1) The pigment in products of cooked cured meat was obtained as nitric-oxide-hem-acetone complex by acetone-ether extraction.
2) This substance was oxidized to acid hematin in the air.
3) The pigment in products of cooked cured meat was the compound of ferrous hem and nitric oxide and was oxidized to the ferric hem compound, hematin.
4) This oxidation from ferrous hem to ferric hematin was inhibited completely by a reducing agent.View full abstractDownload PDF (561K) -
Ken NOZAWA, Kyoji KONDO1957 Volume 28 Issue 5 Pages 271-276
Published: December 30, 1957
Released on J-STAGE: January 25, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1. In breeding of farm animals, it is desirable to find a simple formula which makes it possible to calculate the effective population size under the conditions of (i) the unequality of the numbers of breeding males and females, and (ii) the variability of the numbers of progeny of each parent. In this report the authors derived such a general formula.
2. The effective population size (N) is estimated by the formula:N=4Nm/V2km+1, in which Nmis the number of male parents in the population and Vkm is the coefficient of variability of the numbers of progeny contributed by the members of the male parents. The authors showed some conditions in the breeding structure, which made it possible to apply this formula.
3. From surveys on the breeding population of dairy cattle in Aichi prefecture, it was demonstrated that this formula could be applied in this case.
4. The effective population size of dairy cattle in Aichi Prefecture was estimated as about 110.View full abstractDownload PDF (1335K) -
IX The Effect of Drying upon the Nitrogen Distribution in Red Clover.Takao HORIGOME, Makoto KANDATSU1957 Volume 28 Issue 5 Pages 277-281
Published: December 30, 1957
Released on J-STAGE: January 25, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effect of drying on the nitrogen distribution in the red clover was studied and the following results were obtained.
1) When the fresh leaf and stem of clover was extracted successively with water, 10% NaCl, 70% ethanol, 0.3% NaOH solution, and boiling 0.3% NaOH-60% ethanol, 92% of total nitrogen and 88% of protein nitrogen were dissolved in water and these solutions. In details, of the protein nitrogen, 58.4% were dissolved in boiling 0.3% NaOH-60% ethanol, 21% in water, 7% in 0.3% NaOH solution, and a very small amount in 10% NaCl solution and 70%ethanol, respectively. A greater part of the nonprotein nitrogen was contained in the water-soluble fraction (50%) and in the boiling 0.3% NaOH-60% ethanol fraction (36%).
2) No loss of total nitrogen nor decomposition of protein was caused by drying. A very remarkable change by drying was observed, however, in the distribution of protein, while change in the distribution of non-protein nitrogen was relatively little. So it may be concluded that a greater part of the change of nitrogen distribution is attributable to that of protein distribution.
3) Nitrogen distribution was hardly changed in the 10%-NaCl and the 70%-ethanol fractions by any drying method which employed aeration at 40-50°C, non-aeration at 50-55°C, or the sun light. A remarkable decrease occurred in the water-soluble and the boiling 0.3% NaOH-60% ethanol fractions. However, after the drying with or without aeration a remarkable increase of insoluble nitrogen occurred', while the drying in the sun caused a noticeable increase of nitrogen in the 0.3% NaOH fraction.
4) Although the pattern of protein distribution was similar in fresh samples of red clover and thegreen leaf of soybean, it was not always the same between red clover hay and dried soybeanleaves.View full abstractDownload PDF (1161K) -
IV. Effect of Freezing and HomogenijationKogo YUSA1957 Volume 28 Issue 5 Pages 282-285
Published: December 30, 1957
Released on J-STAGE: January 25, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1) When frozen at -15°C for 24 hours, casein particles became smaller than the normal. After freezing for 2 weeks, they were denatured and aggregated to some extent.
2) By homegenization at 2500lbs/sq. in.. casein particles were scareely denatured.View full abstractDownload PDF (3190K) -
II. Relationship between mammary growth response and body weight in immature female mice treated with estrogen.Jiro NAGAI, Motokazu YOSHIDA, Motoo NAITO1957 Volume 28 Issue 5 Pages 287-290
Published: December 30, 1957
Released on J-STAGE: January 25, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSRelations between mammary growth respense to constant dosage of estrogen and body weight and the corrected mammary growth response for body weight in mice and their heritabilities were investigated.
The number of mice used was 259. They were born from 52 dams which were on the 3rd generation of full-sib mating system. They were in jected five times subcutaneously with a total dose of 12.5 I. U. of synthetic estrogen every third day from 20 days of age. On the 35th day they were killed after their body weights (W) were weighed. Mammary growth response (M: mammary duct area in mm2) ana tne correctea mammary growtn response for average body weight (C) were obtained.
Heritabilities on the 3rd generation were estimated as 0.32, 0.36 and 0.25 in M, W and C, respectively, by using the method of variance analysis and genetic correlation between parent and offspring. Relationshi psbetween thet hree characters rWM. rMC and rWC, were 0.62, 0.88 and 0.39, phenotypically, and 0.86, 0.63 and 0.44 genetically, respectively.
In conclusion, mammary growth response was a heritable character as well as body weight. and a close relationship in a genetical sense was present between body weight and mammary growth response.View full abstractDownload PDF (849K) -
VI. Effects of Thyroidectomy and Insulin Injection on the Phase of the Pulse Rate Curve at early Stages of Work in GoatsShoji UESAKA, Tadashi HARUMOTO, Masanobu KATO1957 Volume 28 Issue 5 Pages 291-294
Published: December 30, 1957
Released on J-STAGE: January 25, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAccording to the same methods as described in report IV of this series of studies, work was imposed on castrated goats which had been thyroidectomized or injected with insulin, and their pulse rates were compared.
In intact control goats, a relationship expressed by the following formula was observed in the phase of the pulse rate curve among the values of the pulse rate taken 2 minutes (a), 4 minutes (b), and 6 minutes (c) after the beginning of work.
a>b+c/2
In thyroidectomized goats, the relationship among the values of the pulse rate was expressed by the following formula.
a≤b+c/2
In goats injected with a dose of 20 to 50 units of insulin an hour prior to the beginning of work, the same formula as established in the thyroidectomized ones was applicable to show the relationship amang the values of the pulse rate.View full abstractDownload PDF (826K) -
MASANOBU KATO, TADASHI HARUMATO1957 Volume 28 Issue 5 Pages 295-300
Published: December 30, 1957
Released on J-STAGE: January 25, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIt is the aim of this study to obtain any fundamental data for estimating the level of fatigue in domestic animals. For this aim, the effect of work on cardio-pulmonary functions, especially on gas metabolism, was investigated.
Three castrated adult goats were used and forced te walk on a horizontal treadmill. The resietant force against which the test animal had to pull was equivalent to 20 per cent of its body weight, and the working period was of three kinds, 5, 10, and 15 minutes.
Gas samples were taken six times by the DOUGLUS bag method: during the resting state before work, immediately after, and 5, 10, 15, and 20 minutes after work was stopped. The conventional methods were used for gas analysis and counting of respiration and pulse rates.
Changes in cardio-pulmonary functions at each sampling time were examined in respect to the following items: oxygen consumption, carbon dioxide production, heat produced, respiratory quotient, pulse rate, oxygen pulse, respiration rate, pulmonary ventilation rate, tidal air, oxygen decrement and oxygen debt.
Among these items, oxygen consumption, carbon dioxide production, heat produced, pulse rate, oxygen pulse and oxygen debt seemed to have considerably close relations with the level of fatigue. Above all, the values of oxygen pulse per kilogram of body weight showed evident differences during the recovery period after work according to the intensity of the work imposed.
As a result, it was considered that oxygen pulse might be used as an index for the level of fatigue, although fuyther investigation is required with regard to the availability of oxygen pulse as such index.View full abstractDownload PDF (1185K) -
Shigeyuki HAYASHIDA1957 Volume 28 Issue 5 Pages 301-306
Published: December 30, 1957
Released on J-STAGE: January 25, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe writer investigated, by measuring, the bones of the medieval Japanese horses excavated in Zaimokuza, Kamakura, Kanagawa Prefecture, and obtained the following result.
1) The remains of the medieval horses hereinafter referred to as the Kamakura horses are supposed to consist chiefly of the bones of horses belonging to the Kamakura government forces and those belonging to their opponent, the Nitte forces, killed when Yoshisada Nitta attacked Kamakura in 1333. Some of the bones are of horses kept about that time, that is, in the Kamakura and the Muromachi Era.
2) The withers height, estimated from the greatest length of the bones of the four limbs (metacarpus, metatarsus, radius, tibia, humerus and femur), is 109-140cm, its mean value being 129.4 77±1.098cm. Most of the Kamakura horses are medium-sized horses belonging to the Japanese prehistoric age, but some are found to be small-sized ones (Fig. 1). Being military horses, the Kamakura horse seems to have been considerably larger in size than any other horse, at that time. Therefore it can be assumed that the whole number of the, small-sized horses at that time occupied a greater percentage than that of the small-sized horses found in Kamakura did. Of those horses of the Kamakura Era, samall-sized ones are supposed to have been discarded, since military horses of large size were wanted in a great number because of gradual progress in civilization. In Japan proper, at present, there are very few native kinds survived, including the Kiso horse, whose withers height is 124-143cm with mean value of 133cm.
3) In respect to the length-width index of the metacarpus and metatarsus, and to the degree of degeneration of the ulna, metacarpus II and IV, and metatarsus II and IV, the Kamakura horses are analogous to those of the Japanese prehistoric age and to the native kinds of the present Japan, but are different from the Mongol horses in many points.
As the horses of Arabian pedigree were introduced into China through Central Asia in the Han Era of China (about 200 B. C.) and crossed with the Mongol horses, it must be considered that those horses of a certain pedigree, which must be taken as having been introduced from the Continent and became the origin of the Japanese native horses, were greatly affected by those of Arabian pedigree.View full abstractDownload PDF (1246K) -
I Uterine Arteries of SwineK. TAKAHATA, N. KUDO, K. FURUHATA, M. SUGIMURA, T. YAMASHITA, M. ABE, ...1957 Volume 28 Issue 5 Pages 307-315
Published: December 30, 1957
Released on J-STAGE: January 25, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe aims of the present investigation were to prove the presence of so-called gravidity sclerosis of the uterine arteries, to find any difference in features between portions of the uterus, and to determine the period during pregnancy at which the first sign of the sclerotic change appears in the uterine artries of swine. Materials for histolongical studies were collected from 70 sows in Sapporo, Japan.
The results obtained are summarized as follows.
1. Sclerotic changes observed in the uterine arteries were (a) hyperplastic swelling of the tunica intima with hyperplastic smooth muscle fibers, collagenous fibers and minute elastic fibers, (b) breaking and splitting of the lamina elastica interna, (c) accumulation of interstitial ground substance of polysaccharide nature in the tunica intima and tunica media, and (d) looseness of smooth-muscle tissue in the tunica media with an increase of colleganous, elastic and reticulum fibers in the tunica media and tunica adventitia, even though these changes were not so conspicuous as those in the tunica intima.
2. According to the degree of sclerotic changes, the arteries were classified into 4 types, I to IV.
On the other hand, the arteries of the uterus distributing in 8 anatomically different portions were classified into 3 groups, A, B and C, according to the pattern of appearance of the types of sclerosis.
3. The sclerotic changes were seen most remarkably in the arteries of group A which distribute in a portion of the uterus which is most closely and directly related to pregnancy. From these facts it was concluded that the sclerotic changes of the uterine arteries were induced by pregnancy.
Sclerosis was most prominent in the main stem of arteria uterina media, and slightest in the arteries of group C which distribute in the vagina and ovary. The changes of the arteries of groups A and C did not correlate to each other, but ocurred independently. The changes of the arterier of group C seem to be due to the influence of esterus. The arteries of group B which distribute in the corpus and cervix uteri and adjacent part of the uterus horn showed changes similar to those of the arteries of group A in some part and to those of the arteries of group C in other. In other words, an intermediate sort of changes was seen in the arteries of group B.
4. Sows, in which the arteries of group A show sclerosis of type III or IV, should be treated as those with a history of gestation.
5. It seems that the influence of pregnancy appears slightly at the early period of gestation, and that its heavy influence is suddenly displayed shortly after parturition, causing great chenges in the arteries.
6. In some sows were noticed several lamellar structures in the tunica intima of the uter ine arteries. According to MAXIMOW, pregnancy sclerosis of the coiled uterine arteries is irreversible, and so it is expected that such lamellar structure of the tunca intima might be produced by sevcral repeated gestations. From this point of view, the authors suggest the conception of “sclerotic gestation rings” in the uterine arteries as the sign of post pregnancy. This conception may be developed to the extent that each ring of the lamella may represent each gestation.View full abstractDownload PDF (4695K) -
I. Effects on Milk Yield, Milk Fat, Blood Corpuscles and ReproductionHisayoshi IWATA, Yoshichika SATO, Kunihiko KOBAYASHI1957 Volume 28 Issue 5 Pages 317-320
Published: December 30, 1957
Released on J-STAGE: January 25, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSCows were exposed to Co60 irradiation which was directed to a definite part of the body from a distance of about 70cm, for 12 hours every night for a certain number of days. The following methods were used for exposure.
1. Two cows were irradiated at their udders with a daily dose of about 36 mr for 7 days.
2. The same cows as above were again irradiated, 7 days after the previous exposure, at the hind part of their head with a daily dose of about 36mr for 7 days.
3. The same cows as above were again irradiated, about one year after the previous exposure, at their head with a daily dose of about 100mr for 10 days.
4. Some other cows were irradiated at their head with a daily dose of about 36mr for 7 days.
5. One of the cows mentioned in paragraph 4 was irradiated further at its head with a daily dose of 100mr for 20 days.
6. A cow was irradiated at its head with a daily dose of about 100 mr for 20 days. In each case effects of the irradiation on the yield and fat content of milk were determined. Its effects on leukocyte and erythrocyte counts, respiration and pulse rates, pregnancy and parturition were also examined by the periodic method. The results obtained are shown in two tables.
The average yields of milk in 10 trials were as follows:
Period of irradiation, per head per day 11.8kg
Control (the average of yields before and after trial) 11. 4kg
Increase in yield of milk 0.4kg
Percentage of increase about 3%
Thus, the effect on milk yield, as well as that on the other points mentioned above, was verysmall.View full abstractDownload PDF (636K) -
I Chemical Composition of Cheese Produced in JapanTakeo NAKANIHI, Fumisaburo TOKITA1957 Volume 28 Issue 5 Pages 321-324
Published: December 30, 1957
Released on J-STAGE: January 25, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIt has been considered that the properties of ripened cheese depend upon chemical, physical and bacteriological action, which is controlled by the climatic environment and raw milk constituents. This paper deals with preliminary studies on the chemical composition of different types of ripened cheese which were made in Japan. The results obtained are summarized as follows:
1) The chemical composition of the cheese is shown in Table 1. In blue cheese, Protein and fat content in water-free solids was 37.7 and 54.5 per cent, respectively, and fat content exceeded greatly protein content. Cheese of any other type contained, on the average, about 43.0 per cent protein and 49.2 per cent fat, and the amount of fat was at least equal to that of protein.
2) An index number was used to express a rate Faculty of Agriculture, Tohoku University) of protein degradation, or ripening, in cheese. It was 62.8 in blue cheese and about 36.0 in the other types of cheese. These values may be taken as indicating that the distribution of nitrogenous compounds is different in blue cheese from the othe types of cheese, and suggesting a suitable rate of ripening in the other types of cheese.
3) Paper partition chromatography was used in the analysis of free amino acids contained in cheese. As a result, 22 kinds of free amino acids were found in cheese. The number of free amino acids was found to be highly variable according to types of cheese. It was difficult to characterize a given typ. of cheese by its pattern of free amino acids because of the variability of such pattern according to types.View full abstractDownload PDF (794K)
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