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Volume 30 (1959 - 196･･･
- Issue 6 Pages 333-
- Issue 5 Pages 271-
- Issue 4 Pages 199-
- Issue 3 Pages 129-
- Issue 2 Pages 61-
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Volume 30, Issue 2
Displaying 1-10 of 10 articles from this issue
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Junzo YAMADA1959 Volume 30 Issue 2 Pages 61-67
Published: 1959
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
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V. (1) Classification and Distribution of Lactic Acid Bacteria in Cow's MilkRinjiro SASAKI, Toshitaka NAKAE1959 Volume 30 Issue 2 Pages 68-74
Published: 1959
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFurther investigation was made on the classification and distribution of lactic acid bacteria which were isolated in the previous studies.
From the results of microscopical and physiological examinations of the isolates. 193 strains of Streptococceae were identified. Of these strains, Streptococcus lactis occupied 47.7%, Str. faecalis 21.2%, Str. cremoris 9.8%, Leuconostoc mesenteroides 6.2%, Str. thermophilus 3.6%, and Leuc. citrovorum 3.1%. Futhermore, several strains of Str. boric, Leuc. dextranicum, Str. agalactfae, and Peptostreptococcus were identified.View full abstractDownload PDF (553K) -
VI. (2) Classification and Distribution of Lactic Acid Bacteria in Cow's MilkRinjio SASAKI, Toshitaka NAKAE1959 Volume 30 Issue 2 Pages 75-78
Published: 1959
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFurther investigation was made on the classification and distribution of lactic acid bacteria which were isolated in the previous studies.
From raw milk 83 strains of Lactobacilleae were isolated and identified by microscopical and physiologicol examinations. As a result, Lactobacillus casei showed the highest frequency of appearance and was followed by L. acidophilus, L. plantarum, L. leichanannii, and L. fermenti in frequency.
With regard to the frequency of appearance of the strains of L. actobacillaceae, it was concluded that Streptococcus lactis amounted to 33.3%, Str. faecalis 14.9%, L. casei 13.8%, L.acidophilus7.6% Str. cremoris 6.9%, and L. plantarum 6.5%. A number of strains of Leuconostoc species were found at a lower frequency of appearance, but hemolytic streptococci, L. bulgaricus, heterofermentative lactobacilli, and facultative anaerobes were scarcely or not detected. Furthermore, it was indicated that there were appreciable variations in seasonal and geographical distributions of the isolates.
In general, there were many variant strains in lactic acid bacteria found in raw milk in Japan.View full abstractDownload PDF (362K) -
IV. Changes in Electrophoretic Patterns of Casein Fractions at Different TemperatureIsao KIYOSAWA, Taizo RYOKI, Masahisa MAENO1959 Volume 30 Issue 2 Pages 79-83
Published: 1959
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1) Studied were performed on electrophoretic characteristics of the casein fractions in veronal buffer (pH8.00, μ0.2) at different temperature.
Three electrophoretic patterns were shown by the casein fractions at 5°C, but it became difficult to separate the casein fractions electrophoretically as temperature rose.
Only one electrophoretic pattern was shown both in the ascending and descending boundaries at 25°C. These phenomena were caused by the mutual action berween the components of casein.
2) The electrophoretic mobility of α-casein alone gave a higher value than that of α-fraction in whole casein in phosphate buffer (pH7.0, μ0.10) at different temperature.
3) Whenα-casein alone moved electrophoretically in phosphate buffer (pH7.0, μ0.10), no changes were shown in α-cascin pattern at different temperature.View full abstractDownload PDF (428K) -
III. Digestibility and Biological Value of the Three Parts of Plant Structure of Red CloverMichio SAITO, Mitsuaki OHSHIMA, Kyuei KIBE1959 Volume 30 Issue 2 Pages 84-90
Published: 1959
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1. Red clover was fractionated into three parts of plant structure (fibrous, concentrated, and water-soluble parts) by the method described in the previous report. In this paper, a study was carried out on the determination of digestibility and biological value in each fraction.
2. The yield and composition of the three parts of plant structure were similar to those described in the previous report with slight difference owing to mass production. The fibrous part contained 16%, the concentrated part 38%, and the water-soluble part 14% protein.
3. The fibrous part was added 30% to the basal diet so that its protein and fiber contents might be 5 and 10%, respectively. By feeding albino rats this ration, the digestibility, true digestibility, and biological value of the fibrous part of red clover were determined to be 46, 54, and 12.6%, respectively. These values were found to be extremely lower than expected.
4. The concentrated part was added 26.5% to the basal diet so that its protein and fiber contents might be 10 and 5%, respectively. Then, in the same manner, the digestibility, true digestibility, and biological value of the concentrated part of red clover were determined to be 50, 55, and 46%, resppctively. Although these results indicate better nutritive values than those of the fibrous part, there still remains a question why the concentrated part showed a lower biological value than that of total protein of the grass.
5. The water-soluble (air-dried) part was added 35.6% to the basal diet so that its protein and fiber contents might be the same as before. Then apparent and true digestibility and biological value were determined in vein on account of the occurrence of diarrhea (of unknown cause) in animals from the 2nd to the 7th day of experiment and their subsequent death. The water-soluble part was found to have some poisonous matter or substance which causes nutritional disturbances.
6. From the above results, it was concluded that, when forage grass was fractionated into three parts, each part showed a lower nutritive value (including biological value) than the combination of the three parts in natural form, that is, the original forage grass. The cause of the results obtained from the experiment in which each part of plant structure bad been used separately may have exist-ed in some changes occurring during the drying process of each part of plant structure or in the fractionation process itsef, during which some extremely unbalanced state may have happened in nutrition. To confirm such cause further experiment and investigation are to be required.View full abstractDownload PDF (550K) -
III. Changes of ovaries transplanted immediately after cockerel hosts were castratedMikio MISU1959 Volume 30 Issue 2 Pages 91-102
Published: 1959
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSExperiments were carried out with 226 white Leghorn and 3 Barred Plymouth Rock cockerels, to which ovaries were transplansplanted immediately after testectomy. The sites of transplantation were the subcutis of the submaxillary region in 39 cockerels, the subcutis of the breast in 22, the pectoral muscles in 47, the thoracic cavity in 38, the liver in 25, the spleen in 33, and the proper location for the gonad in 5.
Ovarian grafts developed well, regardless of their origin from young chicks or from an embryo 6 deys before hatching.
Histological pictures of the ovarian grafts were variable and divided generally into five types, ovarian follicle, stratum granulosa, luteal tissue, lymphoid tissue, and connective tissue types.
In six cases of transplantation consisting one in the submaxillary regior, two in the pectoral muscles, two in the thoracic cavity, and one in the spleen, histological pictures suggesting seminiferous tubules or testicular tissue appeared in the ovarian grafts. In these cases ovaries of day-old pullets and embryos six days before hatching were used.
The ovaries transplanted in the submaxillary region and the liver developed into large-sized lumps of a white color, in which many amall-sized lymph follicles were found. From their formation and histological pictures, the lymphoid tissue was supposed to have been derived from the reticulo-endothelial system. Lymph follicles appeared already 4 days after transplantation.
In the ovary transplanted in the proper location for the gonad, normal ovarian follicles wer recognized even 50 days after transplantation, increasing only in interstitial tissue.
In the case of transplantation in the other sites, ovarian follicles were recognized for about 20 days after transplantation.View full abstractDownload PDF (860K) -
Yasunobu EGUCHI, Yoshiyuki HASHIMOTO1959 Volume 30 Issue 2 Pages 103-108
Published: 1959
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThyroids of 26 bovine fetuses, 10.0 to 64.5 cm in crown-rump length, were histologically examined. The number, body length, and estimated age of the fetuses are shown in table 1. The glands were fixed in Zenker-formol and embedded in paraffin. Paraffin sections were stained with hematoxylin-eosin and by Masson's trichrome method, Mallory-azan method, PAS technique, and LILLIE's silver impregnation.
In a 10-cm fetus, the thyroid consisted of undifferentiated epithelial cells arranged in very irregular cords. In a few of these cells, the cytoplasm contained colloid droplets, which were also seen in intercellular spaces. No follicles were present, In 12.5-and 13.2-cm fetuses, a few very young follicles with a colloid mass in the lumen were developed in the cords and spherical groups of cells, most of which were loaded with colloid droplets located in juxtanuclear portion or far from the nucleus, or polarized toward the capillary surface. From the stage of 16.3cm onwards, the whole thyroid consisted generally of follicles of widely varying size which grew progressively together with an increase in amount of colloid stored in them which stained mostly blue or occasionally yellow or red by the azan method, except the peripheral portions of the gland which presented indifferent patterns showing irregular cell masses and very young follicles.
Argyrophilic granules demonstrated by LILLIE's silver impregnation appeared in fetuses 16.5cm in body length and older, first in cells of small follicles and then in these of medium-sized follicles and of interfollicular undifferentiated epithelial masses. Follicles were formed first in irregu'ar cell cords and, thereafter, separated by encircling of argyrophilic fibers, growing by mitotic proliferation of cells, together with their fellows developing from interfollicular undifferentiated epithelial cells.
Most cells of the developing follicles contained PAS-positive, occasionally argyrophilic, granules in the apical portion of the cytoplasm being ready to cast them off into the lumen. With the advance of fetal age, colloid substances became to be seen frequently in the interstitial tissues in variable amount. They may be extravasations pushed out of ruptured follicles or passing through degenerating colloid cells in the follicular epithelium from the lumen.View full abstractDownload PDF (1405K) -
IV. Improvement of Nutritive Value of the Concentrated Part of Red Clo er by Alcohol-washingMichio SAITO, Mitsuaki OHSHIMA1959 Volume 30 Issue 2 Pages 109-112
Published: 1959
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1. The concentrated part of red clover (air-dried), obtained by the mechanical separation method previously described, was washed with ethyl alcohol to eliminate the alcohol-soluble portion. The washed part (residue) was used for the determination of biological value on albino rats. It was found that this process of washing improved the biological value of the concentrated part, which was 46% before washing, to reach 78%.
2. The digestibility of protein was also improved by the alcohol-washing process. The apparent digestibility increased from 50% to 59% and the true digestibility from 55% to 64%.
3. One of the reasons for the effect of the alcohol-washing process on elevation of the protein digestibility of the concentrated part of red clover is thought to be the separation of indigestible components, such as chlorophyll, lipoids, and waxes, which otherwise, would be combined with chloroplastic protein of the concentrated part.
4. However, some new explanation is required for the fact that the alcohol-washing process effected improvement of the biological value to a higher degree than that of the digestibility. It seems that the chemical score theory of amino acid is not applicable to such explantation.View full abstractDownload PDF (283K) -
Masaichi YOSHIKAWA, Itaru MATSUZAKI, Shokichi MATSUMOTO1959 Volume 30 Issue 2 Pages 113-116
Published: 1959
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA comparative atudy was carried out on 25 milk goats for one lactation period. The animals were bivided into two groups, to which two sorts of milking procedure were applied as previously reported3). In the first group milking was done by a violent method (method A) which included intense massage of udders and strong pulling of teats. In the second group milking was done by an improved method (method B) which was mild and hygienic.
Experimental results are as follows: (1) The milk obtained by method A contained many leukocytes and glandular epithelial cells which are usually found in the case of mastitis. On the other hand, the milk obtained by method B contained only a small number of these cells. The numbers of leukocytes and glandular epithelial cells in the milk obtained by method B were 1/3 to 1/10 and 1/5 to 1/15, respectively, of those in the milk obtained by method A. (2) The milk obtained by method A contained many degeneratod granules (anuclear protein granules) of uuknown origin, while the milk obtained by method B contained granules which were 1/5 to 1/9 of those found in the milk obtained by method A. (3) There was little difference between methods A and B in milk yield and fat content, although a slight increase of milk yield was noticed in the latter method. (4) The pH of milk was in a range of 6.4 to 6.6, which was thought to be normal, regardless of the milking method used. (5) The experimental results mentioned above lead to the conclusion that method B is superor to method A in the effect of improving the puality of milk, protection of the udder and teat, and prevention of mastitis.View full abstractDownload PDF (317K) -
IV. Skin Temperature of the GoatSumio OHI, Toshio OKABE1959 Volume 30 Issue 2 Pages 117-121
Published: 1959
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo study temperature distribution in the skin of the goat, skin temperatures were measured ten times each at 28 different points in 5 goats at the ambient temperature of 20°C. The results obtained are as follows.
1. According to the mean value of the normal skin temperatures, the 28 points were classified into the following groups.
2. It seems that at the corresponding points, the mean value of normal skin temperature in the goat is higher than that in the horse and cattle and lower than that in the sheep.
Furthermore, in order to ascertain the effect of atmospheric temperature on skin temperature, the latter was measured 28 times in 5 goats when the former was in the range of 5 to 31°C. The principal results obtained are as follows.
a. A very significant effect of atmospheric temperature on skin temperature was confirmed.
b. According to the correlation coefficients between atmospheric and skin temperature, the measured pcints were arranged in the following order.
3. The correlation between the normal skin temperature (at the ambient temperature of 20°C) and the atmospheric temperature-skin temperature correlation coefficient was calculated to be γ=-0.83. Therefore, the effect of atmospheric temperature on skin temperature seems to become less in proportion to the degree of normal skin temperature.View full abstractDownload PDF (346K)
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