The authors fractionated proteins and polysaccharides from Fasciola hepatica worms. These substances were denaturalized by various methods. The results obtained are as follows.
1) The protein fraction, which had been denaturalized by sodium ferricyanide, showed no recognizable change in the intradermal test. No free SH radical was demonstrated in the protein by qualitative analysis with sodium nitroprusside reagents. Therefore, this protein of the worms seems to have no free SH radical.
2) The protein which had been denatured by iodine absorbed more iodine in alkali than in acidic medium. Therefore, various free radicals in this protein which react with iodine change by the pH of medium. The absorbed iodine of this protein in a medium at pH 6.0 increased in proportion to the reaction time.
The iodine-protein which had been treated with iodine for 2 hours in a medium pH 6.0 at showed the same response in the intradermal test as the native protein.
3) The protein denatured by formaldehyde showed a negative reaction to the biuret reagent. Therefore, the free amino radical in the protein seems to have been masked by formaldehyde.
This formaldehyde protein showed the same in the intradermal test as the native protein.
4) The polysaccharide was acetylated by acetic anhydride. Then this acctylated polysaccharide was deacetylated by saponification of potassium hydroxide. Intradermal tests were carried out with the native, acetyl, and deacetyl polysaccharides. The native and deacetyl polysaccharides gave a positive reaction, but the acetyl polysaccharide showed negative intradermal test.
5) Quantitative precipitation reaction was carried out on normal and parasitized bovine serums with the antigen of F. hepatica worms in saline solution. The reaction was negative in norml serum and positive in parasitized serum.

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1) Added calcium and liberated phosphorus in the filtrates of enzymic hydrolysates were determined in order to elucidate some of the rennin action mechanisms onκ-casein. The proteolysis was studied with a solution in which 10mg of κ-caein were dissolved and to which 1mg of calcium and 0.015μg of crystalline rennin were added per ml of the solution; rennin action was carried out at 38°C
Total and ion-exchangeable calcium and, as well as phosphorus, were determinined.
2) Ion-exchngeable calcium decreased to 325μg/ml in 40 minutes. Non-lon-exchangeabl calcium decreased, according to the aggregation of casein, in 20 mitnutes and then increased to 180μg/ml, almost the first level of it.
3) Liberated phosphorus increased to the maximum and about 8% of phosphorus contained in casein was liberated after the aggregation of casein; 87% of the liberated phosphorus was ionexchangeable.

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The author considered some conditions which inhibit random fixation of heterozygous gene-loci and which therefore, allow the persistence of genetic heterozygosity in a population. They are cases where a single population increases exponentially in effective size from generation to generation, where a single population receives immigration of individuals from surrounding populations in every generation, or where a productive population is mainatined by rotational crossing with some inbred lines. In the latter case, it can be shown that, if there are more than three full-brother-and-sisterinbred lines, the coefficient of inbreeding in the productive population cannot exceed 10 per cent.

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A method for quantitative determination of glucose in cow's milk using glucose oxidase was investigated and its condition was established.. As the result of tests using this methodon 3-ml samples of cow's milk to which 1, 2, or 3mg of glucose were added the recovery rate was proved to be from 97 to 102 per cent.
Glucose contents, as measured in 428 samples collected from 30 Holstein cows ranged from 0 to 32.6mg, averaging 13.5mg, per 100ml.
The relation with lactation stage was as follows. The glucose content of cow's mlik was the highest between 45 and 105 days after calving and then decreased gradually to the end of lactation.In cow's yielding 16 to 25 L of milk per day, the milk contained more than 14mg of glucose per100ml. The content of glucose in milk of the first lactation was higher than that in milk of anylater.lactation.
In colostrum, the content was low, being less tean 5mg per 100ml to the fifth day after calving, and approached to the value of nomal milk, i. e., more than 10mg, during 15 days after calving.

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Histological and cytological studies were performed on 22 cases of regenerated testis in the White Leghorn breed obtained from bilateral castration 60 days after hatching.
The mechanism of formation of the seminiferous tubules is summarized as follows.
In the first stage of regeneration, spaces in the loose connective tissue which contains fibroblasts are expanded and fibroblasts situated in the peripheral region are arranged in a circle, so that the origin of the seminiferous tubule may be produced. In such seminiferous tubule, an annular struct-ure of the basement membrane is opened to the interstitial tissue on account of loose connection among fibroblasts, which penetrate through this part, and one of the cytoplasmic processes attaches to the inside of the basement membrane. A fibroblast differentiates to Sertoli cell with the completion of the basement membrane, so that an immature type of seminiferous tubule may be produced.
Also in each regenerated testis which developed to a stage of spermatogenesis according to such formula of formation of seminiferous tubule, beneath the tunica albuginea, and in the adjacent part of the septula-testis-like connective tissue layer penetrating from the tunica albuginea into the inside of the testicular tissue, most immature seminiferous tubules are observed. A typical case is shown in example 7 (Fig. 8). Gradual development of the seminiferous tubule going toward the center of the testis from the tunica albuginea is understood from Fig. 24.
Namely, the inner layer of the tunica albuginea consisting of thick connective tissue changes into loose connective tissue, the stage of development of its mesh varies with the direction toward the inner part of the regenerated testis, and the number of cells situated in the lumen increases as the meshes become larger.
However, in the cells situated in the lumen, no mitotic figures can be observed. This fact seems to show that the connective tissue cells constituting the tunica albuginea and the layer of septula-testis-like connective tissue differentiate in two directions, one being that of the cells in the tubule and the other that of the wall cells, with the increase in the tubular diameter.
When the regenerated testis makes further development, it is suggested that, in consequence of the development of undifferentiated seminiferous tubules situated in such part, the regenerated testis is caused to increase in volume.
Hooker and Cunningham stated that a true regenerated testis might be distinguished from a hypertrophied testis, both anatomically and histologically, by examining a fragment of testicular tissue left after incomplete castration.
It seems to be difficult to make any clear distinction between a regenerated testis and a fragment of a hypertrophied one.
All the regenerated testes, except a few, obtained by the author were not pending by the mesorchium in the abdominal cavity nor deforming the kidney, but were covered with the peritoneum.
Regenerated testes protrude into the abdominal cavity. According to Hooker and Cunningham's classification, the regenerated testes used in this experiment are rather hypertrophied fragments. However, the histological structure of the author's materials resembles that of the regenerated testes studied by these authors.
Hooker and Cunningham described that somatic cells could be transformed into germ cells. The present author also wishes to support their suggestion when discussion is made in accordance with the present cytological method.
What is more important, however, is a factor that makes a cell regarded as fibroblast differentiate into a germ cell. Unless this problem is elucidated, it may be impossible to make clear the origin of germ cell also in a regenerated testis.
In many regenerated testes, sloughing of spermatogenic cells has been observed.

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The early development of the down feathers was investigated in White Leghorns, Plymouth Rocks, and their hybrid from a morphological point of view.
In White Loghorns, the rudiments of the feather appear at about 10 or 11 days of incubation. The first indication of feather formation is an upward growth of the dermis and the consequent production of a papilla. As the papilla grows, it projects over the surface, with its base becoming embedded more and more deeply in the dermis. Five successive stages of the growth of a feather are shown in Figs. 2 to 6.
The manner of feather formation in Plymouth Rocks is essentially the same as that in White Leghorns, though numerous melanophores appear in the inner layer of the epidermis (Figs. 7 and 9). Some of the typical melauophores are shown in Fig. 11.
In the hybrid (White Leghorn _??__??_ ×Plymouth Rock _??__??_), melanophores also appear in the inner layer of the epidermis, but are rery small in number as compared with the case of Plymouth Rocks. Each melanophore is loosely packed with melanin granules (Eig. 12).

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Cytoplasmic and chloroplastic proteins were prepared from fresh leaves of white clover, and 0.3%-NaOH-soluble and hot-0.3%-NaOH-60%-ethanol soluble proteins from dried leaves of white clover. The digestibilities of these proteins were studied with pepsin and pancreatin. The results obtained are as follows.
1) The digestibilities of cytoplasmic and 0.3%-NaOH-soluble proteins were higher than those of chloroplastc and hot-0.3%-NaOH-60%-ethanol-soluble proteins when both enzymes, pepsin and pancreatin, were used.
2) Of the two kinds of cytoplasmic proteins, the protein (nitrogen content on dry basis: 12.68%) obtained from the water-soluble fraction of the fresh leaves was more digestible by both enzymes than that (nitrogen:13.06%) from the 0.3%-NaOH-soluble fraction of them.
3) Of the four chloroplastic proteins which had different nitrogen contents (11.17-14.00%), the protein the nitrogen content of which was the highest was the most digestible by both enzymes. Among the other three, there were no differences in digestibility.

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Day-old White Leghorn chicks were reared for 4 weeks in an electrically heated screen-floor battery with 4 decks. Feed and water were given ad libitum. Body weight and feed intake were measured once a week.
1. The data on control groups in 9 experiments carried out last year are summarized in table 2. Each group was composed of 15 male chicks. The variance analysis of weight gains for 4 weeks shown in table 3 indicates that seasonal variation is significant at a 5% level. Standard error of mean weight gain is 13.3g, which is close to 16.5g obtained in Canada3). Standard deviation of individual weight gain is calculated as √1183=34.4g.
2. Female chicks were used in a study to check the influence of a lot in the battery as well as of the number of chicks in a group, During the first 2 weeks the groups located on the lowest deck gained in weight significantly less than the other groups did, altough gains for 4 weeks showed little differences among the groups located on different decks, as given in tables 4 and 5. The data clearly indicate that small variation in environmental conditions exert more significant influence on younger chicks than on older ones. Within the range checked, i. e., 12 to 18 birds per group, the number of chicks in a group had no influence on experimental results.
3. The amoust of feed spilt for 4 weeks was measured and is given in table 6. When chicks were fed carefully, they spilt 1.2-5.5% of the feed supplied. The spilt feed was recovered by sieving droppings. The sum of all the possible errors, such as errors due to unrecovered spilt feed and errors in measuring feed supplied, is expected to be less than 2%, being usually in the order of 1%. From the data in tables 2 and 4, the rejection limt of feed efficiency of the control diet, composed of corn, soybean meal, rice and wheat brans, and others, was estimated to be 4% on a gain/feed basis or 0.2 on a feed/gain basis.
4. Coefficients of variation5) (standard deviation/mean weight gain) at 3 and 4 weeks are the same as shown in table 7. This makes the relative value of the least significant difference costant, i. e. 10%. The rejection limit of feed efficiency at 3 and 4 weeks are also similar. From these data, it can be said that similar conclusians are obtained from the 3-week experiment to 4-week experiment, The experimental error becomes bigger when experimental period was cut shorter than 3 weeks. It is desirable to make experimental period longer than 2 weeks under the present conditions.

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Recent findings by the authors have enabled rapid determination of phosphoprotein (PP) and lowdensity lipoprotein (LDL) in the chicken plasma by turbidimetric procedures. The purpose of this experiment was to clarify the interrelations between two major plasma lipoproteins and the rate of egg laytng. The PLP (PP-LDL complex) concentration of the diluted plasma was expressed in terms of degree of NaC1-Ac turbidity. Free LDL was precipitated in the presence of certain polyanions and the amount of LDL-polyanion complex was detrmined by turbidimetry. The concentration of total protein in the plasma was determined by a hand proteinmeter.
A flock of hens consisting of 8 laying and several nonlaying, and 26 roosters, weighing 1kg, were used as experimental birds, Measurement of plasma lipoprotein levels was repeated every other day for 2 months in the hens and was performed before and 48 hours after estrogen injection in the roosters.
It was found that the LDL level of the laying hen (Fig. 1) was relatively low when compared with that of the estrogenized rooster, (Fig. 2) Some of the nonlaying hens exhibited a transient rise in LDL level up to 10g% (Fig. 5), while most of the laying hens showed a relatively low and fairly stable level of plasma LDL. When the plasma PLP level was stable and high enough to proceed yolk deposition in the ovary, the egg-laying rate of above 50% could be expected.

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