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Volume 34 (1963)
- Issue 6 Pages 361-
- Issue 5 Pages 303-
- Issue 4 Pages 235-
- Issue 3 Pages 165-
- Issue 2 Pages 85-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 34, Issue 3
Displaying 1-11 of 11 articles from this issue
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Shoji UESAKA1963 Volume 34 Issue 3 Pages 165-173
Published: August 25, 1963
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (821K) -
Hiroshi NAGASAWA, Motoo NAITO1963 Volume 34 Issue 3 Pages 174-180
Published: August 25, 1963
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSuceeding to the previous study, the effects of growth hormone (GH) and prolactin (PL) on the mammary gland of the guinea pig were investigated in the declining phase of lactation. It was concluded that these hormones had little effects on the maintenance of lactation or galactopoiesis itself, although they played some role on the maintenance of the structure of the mammary gland and, in addition, GH on the amelioration of the metabolic and synthetic functions of the gland.View full abstractDownload PDF (1158K) -
Hiroshi NAGASAWA1963 Volume 34 Issue 3 Pages 181-185
Published: August 25, 1963
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSChanges in the mammary gland function were studied in the guinea pig till 20 hours after delivery, by investigating oxygen consumption (Qo2), respiratory quotient (Q. Q.), nucleic acid (DNA-P, RNA-P) contents, and histological structures of the gland.
Fresh and dry weights and total DNA-P increased slightly after delivery. The rate of increase gradually decreased, especially in total DNA-P which reached a plateau after about 10 hours. Both Qo2/DNA-P and RNA-P/DNA-P increased till 20 hours, with a rate which was particularly high for the first 5 hours. Total Qo2 and total RNA-P continued to increase in a similar way. R. Q. remained nearly 1 for the first 20 hours.
It was also found from the histological examination that the gland appeared to increase activity with the lapse of time.
The significance of these findings was discussed.View full abstractDownload PDF (826K) -
I. Effect of Fish Factor on Growth of ChicksMinoru YOSHIDA, Hiroshi HOSHII, Hiroshi MORIMOTO1963 Volume 34 Issue 3 Pages 186-191
Published: August 25, 1963
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDay-old White Leghorn male chicks, obtained from a commercial hatchery, were fed a semi-purified diet composed mainly of corn starch, soybean oil and soybean meal with or without additional fish meal or fish soluble.
In Experiment 1, the content of B vitamins in both soybean and soybean-fish diet was so adjusted that one level was equal to or a little higher than that recommended by the National Research Council, U. S. A., and the other far exceeded the recommended level. Thus 4 different diets were prepared.
The trials were repeated with the same design. Statistical analysis of body weight gain for 4 weeks indicated that the effects of the higher vitamin level and the additional fish factor were significant at 1% level. No difference was observed in feed efficiency. The result agree with the previous data, suggesting that Japanese chicks need more vitamins than recommended by the National Research Council, U. S. A.
In Experiment 2, the effect of fish meal of sardine and menhaden added at the level of 2 or 5% and that of fish soluble of pollack added at the level of 2% were studied with the diets containing an excess amount of B vitamins. Statistical analysis of body weight gain for 3 weeks obtained in 3 trials indicated no significant differences between chicks fed the soybean and soybean-fish diets and among the levels and sources of fish factor. No difference was observed in feed efficiency. No ash of the fish soluble had any growth-promoting effect.
From the results mentioned above, it is suggested that the growth-promoting factor in fish product if it be present, is very unstable. Under a certain condition, fish product promotes growth of chicks by about 10%; under some other condition, it does not at all.
The results of this experiment also agree with those obtained previously in the authors' laboratory from chicks fed practical-type diets. Addition of 10% of fish meal to an all-plant practical-type diet promoted growth of chicks by 35% on the average. Later it was found, however, that this effect was mainly due to the vitamins contained in fish meal. The fish meal added to a similar diet with supplemental B vitamins promoted growth of chicks only by 9% on the average.View full abstractDownload PDF (480K) -
II. Transfer of Fish Factor from Hen to ChickMinoru YOSHIDA, Hiroshi HOSHII, Hiroshi MORIMOTO1963 Volume 34 Issue 3 Pages 192-196
Published: August 25, 1963
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe purpose of this work is to study the possible transfer of fish factor, the unidentified growth-promoting factor in fish product, from hen to chick through egg. Breeding hens were fed either all-plant diet or diet containing fish meal for 1 to 6 months. Chicks hatched from their eggs were used for feeding experiments.
In Experiment 1, the progeny of hens fed on all-plant diet were divided into 4 groups of 10 birds each. The first group was fed semi-purified soybean diet with B vitamins at such level as recommended by the National Research Council, U. S. A., the second the same soybean diet with an excess amount of vitamins, the third semi-purified soybean-fish diet with the recommended level of vitamins, and the last the same soybean-fish diet with an excess amount of vitamins.
The body weight gain of chicks for 3 weeks indicated that fish meal in the chick starter had no growth-promoting effect, while higher dietary level of B vitamins was effective, though not statistically significant. The finding agrees with the results of all our previous works on vitamin requirement, including those reported in Part I of this series, suggesting that the requirement for some of B vitamins by Japanese chicks is higher than that recommended by the National Research Council, U. S. A.
In Experiment 2, two groups of progeny of hens fed either all-plant diet or diet containing fish meal were subdivided into two, one fed all-plant chick starter and the other a starter with 5% fish meal. The chick starters used were of semi-purified type, containing enough vitamins, methionine, and other known nutrients. Statistical factor analysis on the body weight gain for 3 weeks revealed that fish meal in the breeding ration had no effect on the growth of progeny, while that in the chick starter was effective only in one of 3 repeated trials.
Thus, the hypothesis of the transfer of fish factor from hen to chick was denied. The growth-promoting effect of fish factor, if any, must be very unstable. Fish factor promoted chick growth by about 10% in only 3 trials out of 10 in the experiments reported in Parts I and II of this series of study. Further study on the existence and stability of so-called "fish factor" will be necessary.View full abstractDownload PDF (437K) -
Hiroshi WADA, Masataka YUHARA1963 Volume 34 Issue 3 Pages 197-200
Published: August 25, 1963
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe blood sera of rabbits at various stages of pregnancy were assayed for relaxin. The assay was conducted essentially according to the method of ABRAMOWITZ et at.
The amount of relaxin in the blood serum of pregnant rabbits was approximately 0.4 GPU per ml about the 11th day of pregnancy. From the beginning of the second half of pregnancy, the concentration of the hormone increased rather rapidly as pregnancy progressed. A plateau of 10 GPU per ml was reached around the 23rd day and maintained for the remaining period of pregnancy. After parturition, the hormorne decreased rapidly and was not detectable on the 3rd day post partum.
The relaxin activity of the blood serum was approximately the same in the pseudopregnant rabbit as in animals in the early stage of pregnancy. Roughly speaking, in the late period of pregnancy 0.5 to 1.0g of placental tissue had almost the same activity of relaxin as 1ml of blood serum.View full abstractDownload PDF (214K) -
Hiroshi WADA, Akinao TANIMOTO, Akira KAWASAKI, Narioki SEKIBA1963 Volume 34 Issue 3 Pages 201-206
Published: August 25, 1963
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFrom a standpoint of public health, estrogen residue in the meat of broiler chickens treated with synthetic estrogen was studied. Diethylstilbestrol, Euvestin (a proprietary product) and hexestrol were used as estrogen. Male chickens 32 to 42 days of age were injected with a single dose of 15mg of the hormone by the intramuscular or subcutansous route at the beginning of the experiment, or fed with the feed containing 10mg of synthetic estrogens per kg from the start of experiment till the 2 days prior to slaughter.
The chickens were sacrificed about 11 weeks of age. The whole edible carcass was removed from them, ground, and mixed with a mouse feed. The meat-feed mixture was made into a form of pellet.
The assay of estrogen was performed by observing the uterine weight response of immature intact mice weighing 10 to 12g. These mice were fed the pellets for 7 days at a rate of 2g per mouse per day. On the 8th day, they were sacrified and their uteri were dissected free of the mesentery and weighed. Estrogenic activity was calculated as diethylstilbestrol on the basis of the standard curve of uterine weight response to the hormone which had previously been determined.
In this study, an undertectable amount of estrogen was found in the meat, regardless of the means of administration. Therefore, estrogen residue seemed to be negligible in the meat of chickens which had undergone appropriate treatment with the hormone.View full abstractDownload PDF (391K) -
I. Relationship between Volatile Fatty Acids in the Feces and Age of CalfFumio KUMENO, Ichiro NISHIMATSU1963 Volume 34 Issue 3 Pages 207-212
Published: August 25, 1963
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFour Holstein bull calves were raised with limited amounts of milk and commercial calf starter. The volatile fatty acids (VFA) in their feces were determined at various ages and compared with those in the feces of adult cows, goats, and pigs. The composition of VFA in the feces of calves within 1 month old were similar to that in their rumen and in the feces. of pigs: that is, acetic, 50-70%; propionic, 20-30%; butyric, 10-15%; and others, 1-5%. In the feces of calves, the proportion of acetic acid increased and that of propionic acid decreased, as the calves grew. The composition of VFA in the feces of calves over 3 months, old was similar to that in the feces of adult cows and goats: that is, acetic, 80-90%; propiocic, 5-10%; butyric, 5-10%; and others, 0-1%.View full abstractDownload PDF (368K) -
II. Relationship between Digestibility of Calf Starter and VolatileFumio KUMENO, Ichiro NISHIMATSU1963 Volume 34 Issue 3 Pages 213-217
Published: August 25, 1963
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTwo male Holstein calves were fed a commercial calf starter of three forms, gruel, pellet, and mash, in turn. The apparent digestibilities, rumen volatile fatty acid (VFA) and feces VFA were determined on the calves from 5 weeks to 13 weeks of age.
When calves were fed calf starter in gruel, the digestibilities of crude protein (C. P.) nitrogen-free extract (N. F. E.), and starch were significantly lower than when fed in pellet. The amount of VFA excreted in the feces was larger and especially that of propionic acid, butyric acid, and valeric acid was ten times as large as that in the case of pellet. When calves were fed in pellet, the highest digestibilities were determined in C. P., ether extract (E. E.), and N. F. E.. When the same pellet was given, the digestibilities of C. P., E. E., and crude fiber (C. F.) at 7 weeks of age were higher than those at 5 weeks. On the other hand, the relative molar per cent of acetic acid in the feces was higher at 7 weeks than at 5 weeks, but that of propionic and butyric acid was lower at 7 weeks than at 5 weeks. Mashed calf starter showed a little lower digestibilities of C. P., E. E., and N. F. E., than pellet calf starter. VFA in the feces were not different between them. The VFA in the rumen of calves were not correlative with digestibilities and the form of feed used.View full abstractDownload PDF (930K) -
I. Maintenance of Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Streptococcus lactis below Freezing PointTakuji KAWASHIMA, Teruko KODAMA, Masahisa MAENO1963 Volume 34 Issue 3 Pages 218-222
Published: August 25, 1963
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTen per cent reconstituted skim milk suspensions of L. bulgaricus and S. lactis were held at -15 to -20°C for 6 months.
It was found that the acidity produced by L. bulgaricus in the first incubation for 5 hours after thawing was only 35.6±2.4per cent of the acidity shown by the normal culture which had been transferred weekly and stored in the refrigerator. In the case of S. lactis, it was 68.4±5 per cent. The difference of acidity between frozen culture and normal culture diminished progressively with the prolongation of incubation period to 24 and 48 hours.
In both strains, there was only a little difference, if any, between frozen and normal cultures in acidity in the second incubation for 5 and 24 hours after thawing. These tendencies were not influenced by the period of preservation. The rate of survival was higher in S. lactis than in L. bulgaricus.
It was made clear that S. lactis was more resistant to freezing and thawing, and that the activity became normal more rapidly in S. lactis than in L. bulgaricus.View full abstractDownload PDF (413K) -
Michio HAMAMOTO, Toshiro KANAUCHI, Kazuo MINO1963 Volume 34 Issue 3 Pages 223-228
Published: August 25, 1963
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSJÄRVIK's method for counting of Leuconostoc organisms was examined and modified. The modified agar medium is a selective one for use in the plate procedure for counting and isolation of Leuconostoc organisms in milk, mixed-strain starter culture, and dairy products. It was prepared as follows:
1) Basal medium:
Glucose, 5g. Peptone, 5g.
Na2HPO4•12H2O. 3g. (Eurocidine, 0.1g.)
Yeast-extract, 5g. Malt-extract, 10g.
Agar, 15g. Distilled water, 1000ml
Adjust the pH of the medium to 6.5.
Sterilize at 120°C for 10 minutes.
2) Acetate buffer solution:
Sodium acetate•3H2O. 14.1g. Acetic acid, 14.1g.
Make the volume to 1000ml with distilled water.
Sterilize at 120°C for 10 minutes.
3) 0.1Nα-bromopropionic acid solution:
α-Bromopropionic acid, 15.299g, per 1000ml of solution,
Sterilize at 120°C for 10 minutes.
The best results were obtained when 7.5ml of acetate buffer solution and 1.0ml of 0.1N α-bromopropionic acid solution were added to 100ml of basal medium, and when the plates were incubated at 21°C for 4-5 days.
The modified medium inhibited the growth of Streptococcus strains, but supported the normal growth of Leuconostoc strains in mixed lactic starter culture.
The results of isolation tests of Leuconostoc organisms indicate that it is necessary to eliminate the Lactobacillus count by microscopic examination in order to obtain an exact count of Leuconostoc organisms when the medium is applied to cheese, because only a few Lactobacillus strains begin to grow within 5 days.View full abstractDownload PDF (462K)
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