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Volume 37, Issue 2
Displaying 1-8 of 8 articles from this issue
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Tadashi SUGIE1966 Volume 37 Issue 2 Pages 43-51
Published: February 25, 1966
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (906K) -
On Unheated Milk and Heated MilkToru DOI, Toru NIKI1966 Volume 37 Issue 2 Pages 52-58
Published: February 25, 1966
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSStudies were carried out on the state of colloidal calcium phosphate in milk and its changes by heating in utilizing the properties of monoculcium phosphate being soluble in water, of tricalcium phosphate insoluble in water and hardly soluble in sodium citrate and of dicalcium phosphate insoluble in water but easily soluble in sodium citrate.
A summary of the results was as indicated below:
1) It is assumed that a large part of colloidal calcium phosphate in milk is dicalciumphosphate.
2) When milk was heated at a high temperature for a prolonged time, dicalciumphosphate changed to tricalcium phosphate. There was an increase only in dicalciumphosphate when heated at 85°C but some tricalcium phosphate was produced when heatedat 95°C. When heated 115°C, dicalcium phosphate was reduced markedly and theformation of tricalcium phosphate became very large.
3) When heated at 95°C for 60 minutes and 115°C for 15 minutes, a part of citricacid in milk became tricalcium citrate.
4) The calcium existing as calcium caseinate was 18.7mg per 1g of casein on anaverage.
5) The calcium existing as calcium caseinate in most of the milk taken increasedslightly when heated at 95°C for 15-30 minutes but decreased when heated at 115°CView full abstractDownload PDF (504K) -
Kozaburo ESAKI, Seigo SHUMIYA1966 Volume 37 Issue 2 Pages 60-65
Published: February 25, 1966
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWith regard to the genetical control on maintenance of closed mice colony, a different method must be adopted other than that in inbred strains. That is, this method must aim at maintaining of genetical uniformity of the mice colony and prevention of occurrence of any subdivision in colony.
ICR-JCL mice colony as multiple purpose mice in a closed colony has been maintained by the" mating system of rotation for non-inbred" in three groups and this colony has about 240 males and 1, 440 females in each generation.
In order to investigate on breeding structure of this mice colony, the estimation was made in i) number of progenies during lifetime, ii)the effective population size and iii) coefficient of inbreeding and index of subdivision.
i) The pattern of distribution of the number of progenies contributed by parents during lifetime showed fairly good fitness to normal distribution. The mean number of progenies during lifetime were 234 in male parents and 40 in females, but the great part of them would be used for experimental mice. The type of distribution of progenies used for breeding on next generation showed fitness to log-normal distribution(see Fig. 3-4). The mean nuber of progenies used for breeding were 9.6 in male parents and 5.7 in females.
ii) The effective population size was estimated by the formula: N=2(N'm+N'f){2(N'm+N'f)-1}/Nmσ2km+Nfσ2kf+2(_??_m+_??_f-1)(N'm+N'f)-Nm_??_2m-Nf_??_2f in which Nm and Nf being the number of male and female parents contributed progenies to next generation, _??_m, _??_f and σkm, σkf: means and standard deviations of progenies who were contributed by members of parents, and N'm and N'f: the number of progenies used for breeding on next generation. The effective population size of this colony was estimated as abou 370 (see Table 1). The, the rate (K) of random fixation of gene per generation may be 0.14%.
iii) The total inbreeding coefficient (F) and that (F') contributed from inter-se relation- ship (R) were estimated by using WRIGHT and MCPHEE's method. The total inbreeding coefficient was 0.828%. It is about two and a half years and 5.8 generations since their laboratories started to breed this colony, then, the inbreeding coeficient was increased about 0.14% per generation. The inbreeding contributed from inter-se relationship was 0.959%. The index of subdivision (F/F')was estimated as 0.86.
These facts may show that this colony has been maintained under the condition to prevent inbreeding and occurrence of subdivision.View full abstractDownload PDF (403K) -
Takeo ABE, Masayuki JIMBU, Akira NISHIDA1966 Volume 37 Issue 2 Pages 66-70
Published: February 25, 1966
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFrom the viewpoint that the effectiveness of age correction factors for cow's milk yield may be evaluated on the basis of the effect which application of them will have on the value of heritability, the authors tried to test effectiveness of the conventional age correction factors for cow's milk yield in wide use in Japan with the records of the advanced registry cows. It was also tried to find out such a set of correction factors for the 2-, 2.5-, 3- and 3.5-year cows as it would maximize the heritability.
The data were divided into a few groups of somewhat different nature and, in each group, heritability of milk yield was estimated by doubling the intra-sire regression of daughters on dams, for the cases where the data were age-corrected with the conventional factors and where not, so that change in heritability value with such age correction could be determined. Two points emerged.
i) The estimate of the intra-herd heritability mainly based on the records from relatively large breeders' herds and the National herds showed an apparent rise by the age correction.
ii) The heritability estimate, however, of the records each of which was made on a different farm was far lower in value than the intra-herd heritability, and it failed at all to respond to the age correction.
Next, such factors for 2-, 2.5-, 3- and 3.5-year cows as to maximize the intra-sire dam- daughter regression (consequently, heritability estimate) were calculated with the data used for the analysis as mentioned in ii) above. The results revealed following.
iii) Surprising enough, a considerably larger value is required as the correction factor for a 2.5-year cow to maximize heritability than that for a 2-year cow, in a sharp contrast to the conventional factors where a smaller value is given to the former.
iv) As a matter of fact, it seems likely that cows milked as 2.5-year cow have tended to be under somewhat less favorable conditions than those tested as 2-year cow. So long as the tendency like this persists among the advanced registry records, careful consideration should be paid to this fact in application of age correction factors to these records.View full abstractDownload PDF (421K) -
Hiroshi WADA, Toshifumi ENO, Hiromutsu TAKENAKA, Yoshio OGURA1966 Volume 37 Issue 2 Pages 71-75
Published: February 25, 1966
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe study was carried out to examine the effect of tranquilizer on fattening cattle implanted with estrogen. The tranquilizer used was hydroxyzine hydrochloride (Trap-Q, a product of the Chas Pfizer & Co., Inc.).
Six steers, about 16 months of age, consisting of 2 sets of 3 brothers on paternal side were divided into 2 groups and fattened for 112 days period. At the start of the experiment, each animals were implanted with 36mg of diethylstilbestrol (3 pellets of "Stimplant", a product of the above Company). One group was orally administered 2.5mg of hydroxyzine hydrochloride daily. The other group was retained as control.
The oral administration of the tranquilizer seemed to result in a favorable effect on liveweight gain and improved feed conversion in the animals receiving estrogen.
The carcass data following slaughter of the experimental group averaged about the same as in the control, and any undesirable effect on meat grade due to the administration was not observed.View full abstractDownload PDF (309K) -
II. Classification of Blood Types by Naturally Occuring IsohemolysinShozo SUZUKI, Tsutomu OIKAWA, Kazuei TANAKA1966 Volume 37 Issue 2 Pages 76-81
Published: February 25, 1966
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn the present experiment the classification of pig blood cells by naturally occuring isohe-molysin was carried out. The results obtained were as follows:
1) Ahemolysin (SHα) was found in the pig sera and the hemolysinogen (SHa) corresponding to this hemolysin was confirmed. Accordingly, the blood of pigs are classified into three types. The type which SHa is present in blood cells and SHα is absent in blood sera was named as SHa type; the type which SHa is absent in blood cells and SIIα is present in blood sera as SHα type; and the type which both SHa and SHα are absent in blood cells and sera as SHo type respectively. The frequencies of appearence of these types in 194 head of Yorkshire breed and in 166 of Landrace breed were as follows: SHa type, 40.72% (79 cases) and 28.31% (47); SHα type, 13.92% (27) and 27.11% (45) and SHo type, 45.36% (88) and 44.58% (74), respectively.
2) The titer of this hemolysins was 1 to 64 fold.
3) The blood groups of pigs by the combination of a hemolysinogen (SHa) and two agglutinogen (Sa and Sb) are classified into 8 types logically, and the frequencies of appearence of these types in 158 pigs were as follows: S+ a S+ b SH+ a type, 17.72% (28); S+ a S+ b SH- a type, 8.23 % (13); S+ a S- b SH- a type, 5.06% (8); S+ a S- b SH+ a type, 22.78% (36); S- a S+ b SH+ a type, none; S- a S+ b SH- a type, 27.85% (44); S- a S- b SH+ a type, 1.27% (2) and S- a S- b SH- a type, 17.09% (27), respec-tively.
4) The hemolysin in the pig sera (titer:32) was not destroyed by heating at 56°C for 60 minutes, but destroyed at 60°C for 15 minutes. However, the hemolysin in lower titer than 32 fold was destroyed by heating at 45°C for 60 minutes. Generally the hemolysin in high titer was strongly resistant to heat.
Inactivity of hemolysin was recognized to be suitable for heating at 45°C for 30 minutes.
The change of titer of hemolysin at various conditions of storage was studied. In the storage at 20°C to 37°C, titer turned to be weak after a week and dropped to zero in two or three weeks; at 4°C, it turned to be slightly weak and dropped to zero in six to ten weeks; but in the frozen storage at-20°C or-40°C, it was not found to weaken even in ten weeks.View full abstractDownload PDF (392K) -
Norihide ANDO, Yukiharu NAGATA, Yoshihiko HIRAKATA, Tomio OHASHI, Yosh ...1966 Volume 37 Issue 2 Pages 82-87
Published: February 25, 1966
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFrom Comminuted beef treated with 5-20 p. p. m. of AF2 [2-(2-furyl)-3-(5-nitro-2-furyl) acrylamide], a new food preservative, cooked sausage samples were prepared and the preservative effect of AF2 on cooked sausage was investigated.
When stored for 4 weeks at 4°C, the amount of VBN (volatile basic nitrogen) in both control and AF2-treated samples remained almost unchanged during storage, keeping the values below 30mg%, and all the samples did not give any putrid smell at all.
When stored at 20°C, the amount of VBN in control sample distinctly increased above 30mg%, and a putrid smell was perceivable after being stored for 4 weeks, whereas the amount of VBN in AF2-treated sample underwent no appreciabe change during 4-week storage, remaining below 30mg%, and no offensive smell cold be perceived.
When stored at 4°C, the number of bacteria in both control and AF2-treated samples considerably decreased after one-hour cooking at 75°C, and only a minute change in bacterial count was brought about during the subseqent 4-week storage at 4°C; consequently any preservative effect of AF2, as compared with the control, could hardly be detected.
But in case in which the number of anaerobic bacteria in control samples increased to a certain extent during 4-week storage at 4°C, the growth of microorganisms was indisputably inhibited by the addition of AF2.
When stored at 20°C, the bacterial count of control samples markedly increased at the storage period of 4 weeks, while that of AF2-treated samples exhibited only a moderate increase during 4-week storage.
From the above facts, AF2 was shown to have acted as an effective preservative on cooked sausage, when stored at a relatively high temperature of 20°C.
Nevertheless, since the bactericidal activity of preservative is generally affected by the quality of raw materials used and other additives supplied at the same time, further investigation is necessary to give the entire picture of the preservative effect of AF2.View full abstractDownload PDF (418K) -
1966 Volume 37 Issue 2 Pages 83
Published: 1966
Released on J-STAGE: April 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (22K)
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