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Volume 38, Issue 3
Displaying 1-6 of 6 articles from this issue
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Kazuo KUMAZAKI1967 Volume 38 Issue 3 Pages 77-85
Published: March 25, 1967
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (799K) -
Akira MIYAZAKI, Shoji UESAKA, Eizo TSUDA1967 Volume 38 Issue 3 Pages 86-95
Published: March 25, 1967
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1) The concentrations of nitrate in grasses, legumes, soiling crops and silage were determined to get the approximate informations on the concentrations of nitrate in roughage practically used in Japan.
2) Samples of various grasses and legumes were obtained from the fields of twenty-eight Agricultural Experiment Stations. These stations were located at Hokkaido, Akita, Iwate, Niigata, Ibaragi, Tochigi, Chiba, Gifu, Mie, Shiga, Nara, Kyoto, Osaka, Wakayama, Hyogo, Shimane, Hiroshima, Tottori, Kagawa, Kochi and Kumamoto prefectures. The samples-of soiling crops and silage were collected from the fields of two experimental farms of Kyoto University and from the fields on the outskirts of them. The number of the samples was one hundred and sixty-four for grasses and legumes and seventy-seven for soiling crops and silage.
3) The concentrations of nitrate in grasses ranged from 0.02 to 4.11 per cent as potassium nitrate in dry matter and those in legumes ranged from 0.18 to 3.60 per cent. The average concentrations of nitrate incultivated grasses and legumes, excluding some exceptional concentrations, were 0.36±0.27 per cent for grasses and 0.61±0.27 per cent for legumes. The concentrations of nitrate in grasses seemed to be less than those in legumes. There were several samples containing nitrate exceptionally high and thoses samples were apparently more in grasses, and the leading species of them were Italian ryegrass in grasses and Ladino clover in legumes.
4) Except some exceptional concentrations, the concentrations of nitrate in Italian ryegrass were 0.33±0.21 per cent as potassium nitrate in dry matter. Those in orchard grass and Kentucky 31 fescue were 0.37±0.29 and 0.45±0.26 per cent. Those in Ladino clover seemed to be high and were 0.77±0.30 per cent except some exceptional ones. Those in red clover were 0.51±0.21 per cent with no exception.
5) According to the results of this research, the concentrations of nitrate in plants in the southwestern part (Chugoku, Shikoku and Kyushu districts) seemed to be fairly higher than those in the northeastern part (Hokkaido, Tohoku, Kanto, Chubu and Kinki districts). It was also remarked that there were some experiment stations where exceptionally-high-nitrate-containing plants were produced. These stations were located at Hiroshima, Kagawa and Kumamoto prefectures.
6) The concentrations of nitrate in soiling crops were considerably higher than those in grasses and legumes. Those in soiling oats generally used for feeding ranged from 0.27 to 2.52 per cent, averaging 1.29±0.56 per cent. Those in soiling corn ranged from 0.60 to 1.41 per cent, averaging 0.95 per cent. In this experiment, soiling soybean seemed to contain less nitrate. The concentrations of nitrate in turnip were variable and it seemed that turnip was one of the most nitrate-accumulating plants. Those in silage were considerably low and were less than 0.60 per cent.View full abstractDownload PDF (579K) -
VI. On the Influence of the Stage of Maturity and the Time of Repeated Harvest on the Chemical Composition and Feeding Value of Alfalfa (Medicago media PERSOON) cultivated in the Warm Setouchi DistricTakashi MIAKI1967 Volume 38 Issue 3 Pages 96-102
Published: March 25, 1967
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn the present study, the influences of the growth stages (the pre-bud, bud and early bloom stages) in the first growth as well as the time of repeated harvest (the first to fifth cuttings) on the chemical composition and feeding value of alfalfa cultivated in the warm Setouchi District have been examined.
For the purpose of studing the influence of the time of repeated harvest, the first to fifth crops harvested in approximately the same stage of growth (the early bloom stage) were compared one another.
In the digestion trial intended for the evalution of the feeding valve of alfalfa, rabbits ware employed and alfalfa in the form of fresh forage cut in small pieces was fed to them.
1) In the first growth, the contents of dry matter, crude fiber and crude lignin increased progressively throughout the pre-bud to early bloom stage while the contents of phosphorus, calcium and magnesium decreased gradually. The content and digestibility of crude protein as well as DCP content increased remarkably in the bud stage, decreasing rapidly in the subsequent early bloom stage. The digestibility of dry matter and TDN content increased most in the pre-bud stage, but decreased thereafter.
2) In the comparison of chemical composition and digestible nutrients among the first to fifth crops harvested in the growth stage at approximately the early bloom stage (the first: mid May, the second: late June, the third: early August, the fourth: mid September, the fifth: early November), the first and third crops showed higher contents of dry matter and crude fiber along with a tendency of lower content of crude protein as well as lower digestibility thereof and lower contents of DCP, calcium and magnesium as compared with others. In the meantime, the fifth crop showed remarkably high dry matter digestibility and TDN content being equivalent to those in the pre-bud stage of the first growth. It is clear from the result above that the first and third crops are inferior to others in respect of their feeding value.
3) There were relationships between leaf percentages of the first to fifth crops of alfalfa and contents of crude protein, crude fiber, dry matter, DCP and TDN, and their correlation coefficients were 0.733, -0.878 (p<0.05), -0.941 (p<0.05), 0.779 and 0.540 respectively.
4) The maximum yield per 10 a of DCP was attained in the bud stage and that of TDN in the early bloom stage in the first growth while the yield of DCP as well as TDN of the third crop was most inferior.
5) Crude protein and crude lignin are the prominent constituents for the purpose of prediction of DCP and TDN respectively, their correlation coefficients having been 0.995 (p<0.001) and -0.954 (p<0.001) respectively.View full abstractDownload PDF (376K) -
(5) The Influences of Raw Soybean Meal in Chickens of Different AgesKeigo SHOJI, Hidenori IWAI, Kazue Aso1967 Volume 38 Issue 3 Pages 103-109
Published: March 25, 1967
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSInfluences of raw soybean meal on the utilization of heated meal were studied in three separate experiments using chicks of different ages. Soybean meal component of the diet was varied from all raw meal to all heated meal in ratios of 0/4, 1/3, 2/2, 3/1, 4/0.
In one experiment, experimental diets were fed to 8 day old chicks for three weeks. In the other experiment, the experimental diets were fed to 40 day old chicks for a period of three weeks.
In the last experiment, the experimental diets were fed to 80 day old chicks for a period of three weeks. Criteria used were growth, feed efficiency, pancreas weights, metabolizable energy value and protein digestibility. Growth inhibition, pancreatic hypertrophy and reduced feed efficiency resulted when the diet replacing the heated meal with raw meal were fed to 8, 40 and 80 day old chicks.
The response to level of raw soybean meal in the diet was essentially linear. The metabolizable energy and digestibility of protein showed a step-wise decreased as the raw meal content of the diet increased. These results indicated that the susceptibility of the chicks to the detrimental effects of raw soybean meal did not decrease with age.
The metabolizable energy values for both heated and raw meal were determined. The metabolizable energy values for the combination of heated and raw meal were close to the expected value based on their respective yields of heated and raw meal. The digestibility of protein for both heated and raw meal was determined, and the expected values for combina- tion ofheated and raw meal was calculated from their respective yields of them.
Protein digestility coefficients were close to their expected values in baby chicks fed from 8 to 28 days of age. This results suggested that in baby chicks the digestion of the heated meals was not affected by the supplementation of raw meal, and the digestion of the heated and raw meal was independent each other. However, in 40 and 80 day old chicks fed for three weeks, protein digestibility coefficient were lower than their expected values. This results suggested that in older birds the digestion of the heated meal was affected by the supplementation of raw meal. The chick growth retardation by raw soybean meal can be explained by the unavailability of protein and lowered metabolizable energy value.View full abstractDownload PDF (539K) -
Yu IDE, Koichi SHIMBAYASHI, Toshio YONEMURA1967 Volume 38 Issue 3 Pages 110-116
Published: March 25, 1967
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSChanges in the serum level of urea nitrogen in goats and sheep were studied in relation to their dietary protein intake. The serum level of urea nitrogen was paralell to the rumen level of ammonia nitrogen, and each of the two levels was closely associated with protein intake.The effect of protein intake appeared in the serum level of urea nitrogen within several days after the change of the diet. Under the conditions of the same energy intake, the serum level of urea nitrogen was quantified with protein intake.View full abstractDownload PDF (321K) -
Kunio YAMAUCHI, Yoshihito HONMA, Tomokichi TSUGO1967 Volume 38 Issue 3 Pages 117-119
Published: March 25, 1967
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (183K)
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