[in Japanese]

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An investigation was made on the disintegration-effect of boiling milk of lime or caustic soda solution upon the nutritive value and chemical composition of wheat or barley straw. The results obtained may be summarised as follows:
1). The each disintegrated straw was prepared as follows: (a) The wheat lime straw-by boilling wheat straw for three hours in 1% milk of lime. (b) The wheat soda straw-by soaking for four hours in 0.9% solution of sodium hydroxide at ordinally temperature. (c) The barley lime straw No. I-by boiling barley straw for three hours in 1% milk of lime. (d) The barley lime straw No. 2-by boiling for 1.5 hours in the solution above mentioned.
2). The ammounts of digestible nutrients, starch value and net energy value in therms per 100 pounds of each fodder, the moisture content of which was eaqually 13.6%, together with the ammount of incrusting substances (lignin+cutin) were shown in the following table.
3). Although the decrease in incrusting substances causes a rapid increase in nutritive value, further decrease in the former does no longer accompany any considerable increase in the latter. In fact the nutritive value approaches almost to its maxmum point just about the time when "lignin+cutin" shows about 10% decrease.
4). The time required to boil in the case of lime disintegration may be shortened to 1.5 hours, for both the barley lime straw No. 1 and No. 2 have the same nutritive value.

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All Ratitae have large erectile copulatory organs, but among the Carinatae, there are with exception of Anseriformes few species which have a really developed penis.
It has been said that a structure, the penis or phallus can be identifid only in the early embryonic stages of the chick. However, the male adult fowl has a raised portion formed by a round white body (about 3mm in diameter) and two round folds in the middle of the ventral wall, just inside the cloacal orifice, and the female has no such body. This white body and others can be traced to the so-colled phallus in the early embryonic stage.
In the female chick embryo, the phallus undergoes gradual diminution in size. At hatching time its cephalic portion remains only in the form of a flatened fold.
In the male chick, it remains as a raised body (about 0.55mm in diameter). The sex of a day-old chick can be identified easily by reference to these differences as Masui and others said.

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The chemical and physical changes of hens eggs which were preserved by the various methods were investigated. The methods of the preservation emproyed in this present study were the refrigeration- and the water glass film- method. The eggs preserved by these methods were compared with the control eggs which were preserved at the room temperature.
The experiment was began at May and ceased at September.
The results of the experiment are briefly summarlized as follows:
1) It is right to make out a difference between the prevention of the putrefaction and the preservation of the freshness. For the preservation of the freshness of eggs the refrigeration method is found to be the best one, but the water glass film method is also suitable especially for preventing the putrefaction.
The viscosity of eggs preserved by the water glass film method, decreased rapidly during the process of preservaton.
2) The eggs preserved by the refrigeration method, putrefied more rapidly at the room temperature than those preserved by the water glass film method at the room temperature.
3) During the process of preservation the surface tension and viscosity of egg decreased as the days of preservation passed, and the decrease of viscosity is remarkable in particular. The change of viscosity of the egg yolk is more remarkable than that of the egg-white.
4) No changes of moisture were found in the egg-yolk, but the moisture of the egg-white decreased gradually. On the other hand the total nitrogen and phosphorus of the egg-white increased more or less in consequence of the decrease of the moisture.
5) Alcohol soluble nitrogen, amino nitrogen and inorganic phosphorus increased remarkably, but protein nitrogen and phosphorus decreased. These changes are provably due to the decomposition of protein during the preservation.
6) As there is the close relation between the change of protein and that of viscosity, so the degree of the decomposition of protein will be known by the change of viscosity.
7) Almost all of vitamin C remained in effective in the eggs which were preserved for 150 days at the room temperature.

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The chemical compositions of kaoliang and its bran, which were used for this experiment, were as follows:
Digestion trials were made with sheep in following four cases to know diges tibilities of kaoliang and its bran, and the effect of the treatment of boillng or grinding on the digestion of the constituents of kaoliang:
1. Untreated whole grain.
2. Boiled whole grain (soaked in water over a knight and then boiled for about 2 hours).
3. Ground kaoliang (ground as fine as to pass through a sieve, having openings Imm. in diameter).
4. Kaoliang bran.
The results of the trials were as follows:
Digestibility Coefficient.
The best result was obtained by the ground kaoliang, and both of untreated and boiled whole grain were utilized about the same degree. It is noticiable that, in all cases the digestibility coefficient of the protein in kaoliang was found to be very low. We have observed that there were many indigested whole grains excreted in the feces when untreated kaoliang or boiled whole grain was given and sometimes the amount of indigested whole grains was reached 26 per cent of the given amount.

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There have always been two Kinds of horses produced in Korea, viz., the Mongolian Horse and the Korean Pony. The fact these two kinds have existed since ancient time, can be seen from the following description of the bones and accounts taken from Chinese and Korean books:
I have examined the bones and teeth which were unearthed at Mirinri, near Heijo, at Ganjiri, near Keijo, at Kinkai, near Fusan, and at Yuki, in NorthEastern Korea, all these places containing remains of the Korean Stone Age (to be more exact, Eneolithic Period). My thorough examination shows that they all fit in with those of Horses, and this fact proves that they (Mongolian Horses) existed in Korea in ancient times. But I cannot find any bones or teeth of the Korean Pony in the remains of the Korean Stone Age. I find that, in old, Chinese literature, such as "Gokan-jo", "Gishi", and in one of the Korean classics, "Sangokushi", etc., the existence of Korean Ponies in olden times is mentioned under the names of "Kwa-ka-ba", "horse that-goes-under-fruit-trees" (which means that a man on horse back can rides under a fruit tree) and also under the name of "San-jaku-uma", "three-feet horse" (which means that its shoulder height was three feet). Now I wish to explain to which families these two kinds belong and from which regions they have come and settled into these parts.
Evidently Mongolian Horses belong to the "Steppe-horse" family, and have come from Mongolia via Manchuria, and spread all over Korea. This Mangolian Horse is considered by some scholars to be the Przevalskii Horse domesticated, and this opinion is supported by other scholars. Dr. Hikohichiro Matsumoto (in 1915) held that the Equus leptostylus unearthed in a stratum of the Pleistocene period in Hunan, China, resembles the Przevalskii Horse. Judging from the foregoing facts the lineage of the Mongolian Horse in Korea can be shown in the following way:
Equus leptastylus→Equus przevalskii→Mongolian Horse→Mongolian Horse in Korea.
Next, the Korean Pony belongs the "Mountain-horse" family ("Bergpferd" in German) and I learn from the descriptions by Mr. Emil Brass (1904) and by Dr. Shinhichiro Yoshida (1926) that the Korean Pony very much resembles the pony living in the mountainous districts of Sze-chuan, Yunnan, and Kwei-chau, China.
On the other hand, as Dr. Kotondo Hasebe (1925) has explained from the result of his examinations of the Radius unearthed at Taimizu and Metatarsus unearthed at Atsuta, both being the remains of the Japanese Stone Age, it is clear that in Japan too, there were ponies in her stone age.
My own opinion, on comparing the above bones with those of a Korean Pony and on finding that they were much alike, is that the pony which lived in the Japanese Stone Age and the Korean Pony are nearly related. Moreover, when I compare the bones of the Satsuma horse living in the South-Western part of Japan with that of the Korean Pony, and closely examine both, I find there exists a very distinct similarity. Another noteworthy, thing is that while Korean Ponies have not proceeded beyond the Yalu and the Tumen, the Northern frontier rivers, they are scattered in the south, as far, as in Tsushima, Oki, and Quelpart Islands.
From the above relations, it may be considered that in ancient times, the Sze-chuan Pony (which lived in Sze-chuan and Yunnan, China) were brought over to Japan, in the stone age, and from there introduced into Korea, in the stone age.
As we read in old Chinese literature, such as "Jiga", "Sankaikyo", that there lived in Chinese frontier districts some wild-ponies, it is quite probable that the Sze-chuan Pony is this wild pony domesticated in ancient times.

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[in Japanese]

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Die neugeborenen Kaninchen, 105 an Zahl, wurden am Tage ihrer Geburt untersucht, um eine Methode zur Erkenntnis ihres Geschlechts an äusseren Merkmalen zu finden.
Wie die Tablle zeigt, beträgt im allgemeinen die Entfernung zwischen Anus und Genitalien bei den Männchen 1.2mm. und mehr, bei den Weibchen weniger als 1.2mm.
Ausserdem lässt sich bei den Männchen der weiche mattglänzende Teil Hodensäcke, die noch nicht recht deutlich entwickelt sind, dicht an der Papilla genitalis beobachten, und ebenso unter den Haut ein Paar Tunicae vaginales als zwei kleine braunrote Punkte.
Zwischen den Geschlechtsorganen beider Geschlechter besteht ein characteristischer Unterschied. Beim Männchen sind die Glandulae inguinales grösser und gewöhnlich zwischen Urethra und Rectum zu finden, während sie beim Weibchen kleiner sind und fast unmittelbar an der Urethra einander gegenüber gelagert sind. Es erübrigt sich wohl, zu erwahnen, dass die Inguinaldrüsen aus Schweiss-und Talgrüsen zusammengesetzt sind.
Bei jungen Kaninchen die Entfernung der Inguinaldrüsen hervorruft keinen Einfluss auf die Gesundheit und Lebenskraft ausser der Entwickelung der Hoden.

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The digestibility experiments have been carried on in order to find out the simplest method of rice-straw-disintegration. The methods of disintegration exa-mined are as follows:
1. Boiling for 1.5 hours in 1% milk of lime and no washing.
2. Soaking for 2 days in 1% milk of lime and no washing.
3. Soaking for 2 days in wood ash solution, followed by washing, alkalinity of which was equivalent to 0.9% of NaOH.
The average digestibility for sheeps and the calculated starch value may be shown in the following table.
From the results stated above, the author came to the conclusion that the simplest and the most effective method is to soak the straw in 1% milk of lime for 2 days. By the employment of this method, as in the case of boiling process, the nutritive value is very high, about twice as that of the untreated straw

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In letzter Arbeit (Shibata, Watanabe, und Abe) hat Verfasser bei Hühnern einige Resultaten über die Zwischenräume der Legezeit und die Korrelation zwischen Legezeit und Ei-gewicht mitgeteilt. Um diese Ergebnisse aber zu bestätigen noch genaue experimentelle Untersuchungen notwendig. Die vorliegende Arbeit stellt einen solchen Versuch dar.
1) Durch Experiment von der Füttrung von Farbstoff z. B. Sudan III bei Hühnern haben einige Autoren festgestellt, dass die Eier im Follikel des Eierstocks von 9-14 Tagen vor der Ovulation ganz plötzlich wachsen. Verfasser hat aber viele Fier im Follikel des Eierstocksvon verschiedenen Stadien genau gewogen, und ist dabei zu den folgeuden Resultaten gelangt.
2) Zeit vor Ovulation. 476 St, 442 408 374 340 306 272 238
Follikel-Gewicht, (32 Stücke) 0, 12g. 0, 13 0, 14 0, 16 0, 17 0, 18 0, 20 0, 21
204 170 136 102 68 34 0
0, 34 0, 83 2, 11 4, 11 8, 13 11, 99 15, 60
Man findet Corpora lutea schon etwa 4 Tage nach der Ovulation entwickelt, aber 16 Tage nach der Ovulation sind sie noch sehr klein.
3) Die Schale, das Eiweiss und das Eigelb, besonders das letztlere, sind bei am Morgen gelegten Eier grösser als bei am Nachmittag gelegten
4) Der Prozentsatz der sich zu Männchen entwickeluden Eier bei am Morgen gelegt-en ist grosser als die am Nachmittag gelegten
(a) am Morgen gelegten Eier, besonders das erste je Legezyklus.
_??_ 339 Stücke (52, 69%): _??_ 312 Stücke (47, 93%)
(b) am Nachmittag gclegten Eier, besonders das letzte je Legezyklus.
_??_ 189 Stücke (45, 11%): _??_ 230 Stücke (54, 88%)

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The copper content of sheep milk in every state of lactation was studied on samples of milk from six sheep, and determined by a modification of the Biazzo method reported recently by Elvehjem and Lindow.
Days after calving Copper in per liter
Immediately 0, 166mg,
after 2 days 0, 156mg
after 3 days 0, 161mg
after 4 days 0, 154mg
after 5 days 0, 142mg
after 1 month 0, 101mg
after 2 months 0, 106mg
after 3 days 0, 105mg
after 4 days 0, 116mg
after 5 days 0, 124mg
after 6 days 0, 145mg
after 7 days 0.170mg
after 8 days 0, 151mg
End of lactation 0, 145mg
As shown in the above table, it is evident that the colostrum contains more copper than the normal milk. From the lst. month of lactation to the 4th the copper content is very small and then increases gradually until it reaches its mximum in the 7th month. Then it continues to increase till the end of lactation.

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Some changes in nitrogen distribution of meat during smoking were studied. Smoking at 23-38°C for one week caused a considerable loss of both albumin and myosin, on the other hand it caused an increase of meat extractives. There was an increae of free ammonia and of amino-N in every case, but it showed a decrease of combined amino-N. Stroma-N was not much changed, but myostromin-N increased. The author has also studied the influences of spices, salt, starch and saltpeter on the nitrogen distribution of meat, and their influences on the shrinkage during smoking.

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