In order to obtain knowlege on swine secondary sex ratio, the data obtained from the Takikawa Animal Husbandry Experiment Station at Takikawa, Hokkaido, were examined as representative of the Hokkaido district. The animals used in this study totaled 21, 346. They consisted of 17, 606 Yorkshire (Y), 1, 813 Landrace (L), 618 Hampshire (H), 581 Berkshire (B), and 728 hybrid (Hyb) swine of these breeds. Sex ratios were analyzed following various conditions and the results obtained can be summarized as follows.
1) Total (Tab. 1): The sex ratio of the 5 groups as a whole was high (52%), with a significance level at 0.01 (1% level). The sex ratio of the Y and L groups was high at a 1% and 5% level, respectively, and that of the B group low at a 5% level. No definite tendency of sex ratio was shown in the H or Hyb group. The difference of sex ratio was significant between the B and any other group, but was insignificant between any two of the other four groups.
2) Boar and sow (Tab. 2 and Fig. 1): In some cases, the sex ratio of offspring from the individuals of both boar and sow showed an shift to both sexes. Boars showing a high sex ratio numbered 8 (Y) and those showing a low ratio 1 (B), that is, 16.07% of the boars showed an shift to male or female. Sows which showed a high sex ratio numbered 17 and 3 in the Y and L group, respectively, and those showing a low sex ratio 9 and 2 in the Y and B group, respectively.
These boars and sows were examined for pedigree. The results gave no exact evidence for any genetical phenomenon.
3) Litter series (Tab. 3): The sex ratio was high in some order of parturition and also in some groups of order of parturition in all the 5 groups. The Y group showed almost the same results as the total groups. The L, H, and Hyb groups showed no definite shift to any sex. Only the B group showed a low sex ratio both in some orders and in some groups of order of parturition. Results varied widely with the breed. Therefore, the relationship between the order of parturition and the sex ratio cannot be expained clearly.
4) Litter size (Tab. 4): The sex ratio showed the same tendency in all the 5 groups as in the Y group. It was high in four grades of litter size and also in two groups classified by litter size. Results varied with the breed. The sex ratio of the B group was low in some grades of litter size. Therefore, the relationship between litter size and secondary sex ratio connot be explained clearly.
5) Seasonal change (Tab. 5): The primary and secondary sex ratios showed the same tendency in all the 5 groups as in the Y group. They were high in every season, showing no significant differences among the seasons. The sex ratio of the L group was high in one season, exhibiting no significant differences among the seasons. There were no seasonal shift or sig- nificant seasonal differences in the H or Hyb group. The primary and secondary sex ratios of the B group, however, were low in some seasons, revealing significant seasonal differences among some seasons.
There were significant differences in secondary sex ratio between the B and any other group in summer and autumn, and also in primary sex ratio between the same groups in spring and summer. Therefore, the difference in secondary sex ratio between the B and any other group, as mentioned in paragraph (1), was observed only in two seasons (summer and autumn).
6) Natural mating and artificial insemination (Tab. 6): In the case of natural mating, the secondary sex ratio was high in all the 5 groups and the Y group, but it showed no definite shift in any other group. In the case of the artificial insemination, the five, Y, and L groups showed a high ratio. The difference in sex ratio was insignificant between natural mating and artificial insemination.
7) Age of boar (Tab. 7): Boar at mating ranged from 7 months to 10 years and 8 months of age. The sex ratios of the five and Y groups were high at 1 to 4 years of age.

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We carried out this study for the purpose to obtain an index as to the quality of beaver lambs (Biberlamm) made from sheep skins in Japan, and to determine the conditions of the manufacturing process by examining each process in order to estimate the quality of the interme-diate products and final products.
We used the skins of 24 male lambs of corriedale strains which were fed under the definite conditions and slaughtered at 8 or 10 months old.
This study consisted of: (1) the determination of the wool fineness of raw skins by the gravimetric method, strength and elongation of single fiber by Mackenzie's single fiber tester, and Hunter Whiteness; (2) the manufacture of dressed wooled leather and the determination of leather strength; (3) a dyeing experiment using vat dyes; (4) the determination of the color and the fiber strength of the final products.
The results of these experiments are as follows.
1. The wool fineness of raw skins ranged from 19.6-30.0μ, average 25.6μ fiber strengths ranged from 321-490g/mmφ, average 400g/mmφ; elongations ranged from 25.8-44.5%, average 32.6%; Hunter Whiteness ranged from 65.2-79.7%, average 74.3%.
2. Fiber strength of the final products ranged from 295-471g/mmφ, average 382g/mmφ; elongations ranged from 26.5-37.8%, average 31.4%. Comparison between these strengths and elongations and those of raw skins showed no difference of statistical significance.
3. The tensile strength of fur-leather from lambs whose growth rates were good and slaughtered at 8 months of age ranged from 201-338kg/cm², averaging 265kg/cm², while those whose growth rates were bad and slaughtered at 10 months of age ranged from 124-200kg/cm², with an average value of 167kg/cm². Comparison of these average values showed significant differences at the one percent level.
4. Residual fat in the final products was found in the leather of sheep weighting more than 45kg and slaughtered at 8 months of age, but it was not proportional to the skin weight or thickness of the wool skins
5. There were differences among the strains in the lustre of the wool and the tendency of moire, and partial correction was achieved by ironing.
6. The weight of final product per D. S. was 10.7g and it is considered to be light.
7. Lightness of the final products in uniform chromaticity scale ranged from 17.9-20.0%, with an average value of 18.6%.

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In the present paper, we attempted to analyse the effect of environmental temperature on the growth of mice which we selected for large and small body sine. Three lines of mice: H (selected for large body size), RB (randam bred controls) and SM line of mice have been established by selection from the original line. In this experiment above three lines of mice were bred during the period from 25 to 57 days of age at three different grades of temperature, i. e., 10°C (low), 25°C (control) and 35°C (high) respectively.
1) No difference was found on the growth at 10°C as compared with the growth at 25°C among three lines. Feed consumption, however, increased in all of these three lines. The relative weight of the heart and kidney of the mice fed at low temperature were always heavier than that of the control.
2) At 35°C, there was the depressing effect on body weight gain and feed consumption. The relative weight of testis, heart and kidney at high temperature were smaller than that at the other two kinds of temperature.
3) Mean body weight of mice of H line at all ages was always heavier than that of SM line at three temperature. It was found in SM line that the body weight gain and feed efficiency were greatly deppressed compared with other two lines at high hemperature. We may assume a particular type of reaction on the growth of mice of SM line at high ambient temperature.

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The effect of PCMB on the interaction of milk proteins induced by heat-treatment was investigated.
Skimmilk was made 0.2mM with PCMB and held at 4°C for 8 to 24hr before heating. PCMB treated milk was then heated at temperatures ranging from 65°C to 95°C and the nitrogen distribution, Sephadex gel filtration, PAE patterns and the stabilizing ability of κ-casein prepared from it were studied.
The decrease of NCN by heating milk at 80°C for 10min and 95°C for 5min were 10.5% and 14.8%, respectively, in PCMB treated milk, while those of control (heated in the absence of PCMB)milk were 31.9% and 39.5%, respectively. This preventive effect of PCMB on the heat denaturation of whey protein was also found in Sephadex G-100 gel filtration patterns of heated milk, that is, the relative area of components corresponding to whey proteins was larger in PCMB treated milk than with control milk.
The results of PAE showed that κ-casein interacted with other protein fractions in heated milk, this interaction being inhibited in PCMB treated milk.
κ-Casein prepared from heated milk did not possess the αs-casein stabilizing ability, but, from heated PCMB treated milk, κ-casein with the full stabilizing ability was obtained.
When skimmilk was heated soon after the addition of PCMB, the preventive effects of PCMB on whey protein denaturation were not found. In this case, PCMB might react non-specifically with the heat activated sites other than SH in heated milk.

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In this experiment the recovery of collagen fiber from dried hide was tried. The process of the recovery of co11agen fiber was as follows. 1. Dried hide→Wet back→Liming and deliming→Enzyme treatment→Acetone treatment→Seating→Fiber disintegration→Collagen. fiber (Process 1). 2. Process 1+additional mechanical loosening treatment applied on acetone wetted material. 3. Process 2+additional chemical loosening (reliming after enzyme treatment).
Comparing the above-mentioned three processes on the recovery percentage and length of fiber obtained, it was observed that dried hide required not only mechanical fiber bundle loosening such as beating but also a special chemical loosening treatment such as reliming after enzyme treatment (Process 3) to be well disintegrated into fiber, in contrast to salted material which. was previously reported to be loosened satisfactorily by the beating process only.
Examining the effect of periods of liming and reliming on the recovery percentage, length and mechanical strength (tensile strength and elongation at break) of fibers recovered through Process 3, the most suitable conditions were considered to be a combination of either liming 1 day and reliming 4 days or liming 2 days and reliming 2 days.

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The usual use of heritability as a single value lies on the assumption that the fraction of additive genetic variance in the phenotypic variance is constant over the entire range of phenotypes. It is a basic and important problem whether this assumption holds all the time or not. This problem, in other words, is equivalent to questioning whether parent-offspring regression is always linear. The present study was undertaken to get informations about this problem using the data of body weight taken from a radom mating non-inbred mouse population.
As the first step of the study, methods for correcting data for sex and litter size were investigated.
"Ratio" and "difference" methods were tried out for correction of body weights at 16, 28 and 70 days of age, and both eliminated the variance from sex and litter size without causing a notable change in the variance from litter.
The estimates of parent-offspring regressions calculated on intra-generation-chamber basis tended to converge into certain levels specific to each of different ages, when data were corrected. These facts indicate that these two methods were both fairly effective. But, still after such correction of data, existence of non-linearity of parent-offspring regression was confirmed.

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