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Volume 41, Issue 9
Displaying 1-7 of 7 articles from this issue
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I. On the incorporation rates of rumen VFA-14C into milk and its relation with milk yieldNobuo YAHARA, Shinzo NISHIBE1970 Volume 41 Issue 9 Pages 435-438
Published: September 25, 1970
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn this paper, incorporation rates of Acetate-, Propionate- and Butylate-1-14C into milk components and relationship between its rates and milk yield, were surveyed.
Six holstein lactating cows which had received similar rations were administered orally 0. 1mCi/cow of VFA-1-14C Na by diet with the concentrate during fixed experimental period.
Milk was collected during 72 hours after administration of each VFA-14C, and 14C activities in milk-fat, lactose and casein were determind by Liquid-Shintillation Counter.
More than 90% of the total amount of VFA-14C incorporated into milk were recovered in milking within 24 hours after administration.
The incorporated rates of VFA-14C into milk components were following order; Acetate_??_ Butylate>Propionate in milk-fat (P<0.01) and Propionate>Acetate_??_Butylate in lactose (P<0.05), but none significant in casein.
As the specific activities were almost constant to variation of the milk production, the rate of 14C-incorporation varied in proportion to the milk production.View full abstractDownload PDF (304K) -
II. A survey of a toxic substanceKiyomi KOGA, Hiroshi WATANABE, Yoshiteru MOCHIDA, Sakuji HIRATSUKA1970 Volume 41 Issue 9 Pages 439-444
Published: September 25, 1970
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIt was reported in the first memoir of the studies that TF (a toxic by-product) was toxic on the chick, the syndrome was closely resembled to that of chick edema disease and toxic principle appeared in the unsaponifiable fraction of TF.
In order to investigate the toxic principle, several elements in TF were analyzed first of all. The concern of contained As and Hg in toxicity was denied. However, the concentrations of Cl in TF and its unsaponifiable fraction were remarkably high and almost all Cl in the unsaponifiable fraction was concentrated on the toxic fraction (F 2) by alumina column chromatography.
From these results, the authors presumed that chlorine compound would participate in toxicity of TF.
The analysis of the same chlorinated biphenyl (sold as Kaneclor 400, KC 400) as was used for heat tranfer medium in rice oil rendering process connected with TF by using gas-liquid chromatography revealed that F 2 contained KC 400. Furthermore, most of Cl in TF was calculated to result from KC 400. Consequently it became quite possible that toxicity of TF was due to KC 400 (contained in it).View full abstractDownload PDF (375K) -
I. Selection of yeast and the manufacturing experimentTomokichi TSUGO, Jian Ell CHANG1970 Volume 41 Issue 9 Pages 445-452
Published: September 25, 1970
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSevral strains of yeast with the strong proteolytic activity were selected and the semi-soft cheese manufacturing experiment has been carried out with success by using these strains of yeast as the starter together with lactic acid bacteria.
Twenty strains of yeast isolated from milk or milk products were incubated in skimmilk anaerobically and investigated for their proteolytic activities. Two of them (one strain each of Saccharomyces fragilis and Candida pseudotropicalis) were shown to possess the strong proteolytic activity on milk protein as well as the lactose fermenting ability.
Yeast was inoculated in skimmilk and incubated at 25°C for 2 days before being used as the cheese starter. Milk was added with 5% yeast starter and 2% each of Streptococcus lactis and Str. cremoris starter to manufacture the yeast ripened semi-soft cheese. The cheese curd was dry-salted, covered with paraffin and ripened at 15°C or 20°C.
The use of S. fragilis and the ripening at 15°C for 3-4 weeks gave the best result. The chemical composition of this yeast ripened cheese was similar to that of the semi-soft white mould cheese manufactured in this laboratory with Penicillium caseicolum. The acidity of the yeast ripened cheese was lower than that of control cheese (cheese manufactured with lactic acid bacteria only). The difference in acidity of cheese may be caused by the fermentation of lactose by yeast. That the yeast ripened cheese had a characteristic porous texture is also the result of lactose fermentation by yeast.
The ripened ratio of cheese (water soluble N/total N×100) was found to be higher in the yeast ripening cheese and the rate of hydrolysis of cheese protein as expressed by the increase of free tyrosine was also distinctly higher in the yeast ripened cheese. These results indicate that the proteolytic activity of yeast is of importance for the ripening of cheese of this kind.View full abstractDownload PDF (934K) -
Keiichi TANAKA1970 Volume 41 Issue 9 Pages 453-458
Published: September 25, 1970
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1) The effect of supplementing the concentrate mixture with cod oil at various levels on the content of milk fat and its component fatty acids and the pattern of rumen fermentation are reported.
The trial consisted of six experimental periods: (1) No supplement (2) 50g supplement (3) 150 supplement (4) 300g supplement (5) 450g supplement (6) No supplement. Each period consisted of 14 days.
2) The addition of 450g cod oil to the concentrate mixture resulted in a decrease in the yield of milk.
3) The addition of either 300g or 450g cod oil to the concentrate mixture resulted in a decrease in the percentage of milk fat.
4) When the concentrate mixture containing either 300g or 450g cod oil was given to the cows, the percentages of the saturated fatty acids from 4: 0 to 18: 0 in the milk fat were decreased, while the percentages of 16: 1, 18: 1, 18: 2, 20: 1 and 20: 4 in the milk fat were increased.
5) When the cows were given the concentrate mixture containing either 300g or 450g cod oil, there was a reduction in the acetic acid: propionic acid ratio in the rumen fluid.View full abstractDownload PDF (385K) -
XVI. Effect of nitrogen fertilization on the chemical composition and feeding value of Rhodesgrass (Chloris gayana KUNTH) as hay or silageTakashi MIAKI1970 Volume 41 Issue 9 Pages 459-464
Published: September 25, 1970
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis study was conducted to determine the effect of four nitrogen Ievels, 0, 10, 30 and 60 kg Per 10 a applied to the first growth forage, on the chemical composition and feeding value of Rhodesgrass as hay or silage. Rhodesgrass (Katambola) was seeded at the rate of 2kg per 10 a in 45-cm rows on a sandy loam soil on May 20, 1968. The first cutting was made at the pre-booting stage (on July 23) and sun-cured on the field for three days. The second cutting was made at the early heading stage (on Sept. 16) and 80kg of the grass which was chopped in 2- to 3-cm length, was ensiled in a laboratory silo, 85cm high and 57cm in diameter. The grass ensiled was pressed by means of concrete weighing about 90kg.
Furthermore, the feeding value of Digitaria ciliaris PERS., the first cutting at the early heading stage with no nitrogen fertilization, was compared with that of Rhodesgrass hay on the Same nitrogen level.
In order to estimate the digestibility of these forages, sheep were used in a conventional total collection digestion trial.
The results obtained are summarized as follows:
1. In the first cut hay, the mean DCP, TDN, Ca, P and Mg contets on four levels of nitrogen fertilization Were 6.9±18, 49.9±0.8, 0.52±0.02, 0.41±0.05 and 0.24±0.02% (On dry matter basis), respect1vely. The DCP increased gradually with increasing nitrogen fertilization, whereas the TDN content remained almost unchanged. The hay affected by nitrogen fertilization contained more Ca and P than that not affected by nitrogen fertilization.
2. The DCP, TDN, Ca, P and Mg contents in Digitaria ciliaris PERS., hay were higher than those in the Rhodesgrass hay, which were 6.7, 53.7, 0.40, 0.43 and 0.29% (on dry matter basis), respectively.
3. The mean DCP, TDN, Ca, P and Mg contents of the silages treated with four nitrogen levels were 3.1±0.9, 44.1±3.4, 0.58±0.14, 0.36±0.04 and 0.25±0.05 (on dry matter basis), respectively, The DCP content increased gradually with increaslng nitrogen fertilization, while the TDN content decreased gradually.
4. There was no apparent effect of nitrogen fertilization on the chemical quality of silages. The silages on four levels of nitrogen fertilization were all poor in quality. It was suggested in explanation of this that the plant materials contained more than 30% of crude fiber and less than 3.0% of soluboe carbohydrates (on dry matter basis) and thick stems and coarse leaves of this grass made it hard to exclude air from the silo.View full abstractDownload PDF (400K) -
Yu IDE1970 Volume 41 Issue 9 Pages 465-470
Published: September 25, 1970
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo presume the capacities for ammonia detoxication of goat liver, NH4Cl was loaded from the portal vein to the liver, and ammonia clearance from the liver was pursued. There was a close relationship between the loading rate of NH4Cl and the rate of ammonia clearance, and loading NH4Cl at the rate of less than 40 μmoles/min/kg of body weight induced no increase in ammonia clearance by the liver. This value was considered to indicate the capacities for ammonia detoxication of the liver in goats. The activities of arginine synthetase, glutamine synthetase and glutamic dehydrogenase were also estimated in goat liver. It was considered that the goat liver had higher ability to synthesize urea than to glutamine, judging from the activities of arginine and glutamine synthetases.View full abstractDownload PDF (312K) -
Ryo NAKAMURA1970 Volume 41 Issue 9 Pages 471-475
Published: September 25, 1970
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo study the effect of enforced exercise on poultry tenderness, chickens were exercised previously before slaughter. Enforced exercise increased the lactic acid content of blood of a living bird, decreased the initial glycogen content of muscles at death and increased the ultimate pH of muscles. The ATP content of both breast and leg muscles obtained from exercised bird immediately after death was lower than that of un-exercised bird and so, ATP in former muscles was lost more rapidly than that of latter muscles during storage. Its meat was tender, but its water-holding capacity was almost the same as that of an un-exercised bird.View full abstractDownload PDF (272K)
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