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Volume 42, Issue 5
Displaying 1-7 of 7 articles from this issue
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II. Experiments on protease of Camembert cheese mouldToshihiko KIKUCHI, Shin-ichi TAKAFUJI1971 Volume 42 Issue 5 Pages 205-209
Published: May 25, 1971
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1. The experiments were carried out on protease of both Camembert cheese mould stock strains and isolates from commercial mould starter and Camembert cheese.
2. The test moulds were classified into three types by the characters on Czapek and potato dextrose agar media, that is, type I (Penicillium camemberti), type II and type III (P. caseicolum).
Type I moulds showed the strongest proteolytic activity.
3. The optimum pH of protease was at about 3.0, 6.0 and 9.5 (type III). Proteolytic activity increased with incubation times, but the optimum pH did not change.
4. The maximum proteolytic activity was observed at 0.5% of NaCl content. As NaCl content increased, the activity decreased, and then at 15% of NaCl content, it reached to one third of the maximum value.
5. The optimum temperature of protease was 35°-40°C. Type II showed the lowest optimum temperature in this range.View full abstractDownload PDF (358K) -
II. A taxonomic study on causative molds of toxicosis in swineYuji SASAKI, Hiroshi SASAKI1971 Volume 42 Issue 5 Pages 210-215
Published: May 25, 1971
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFodder poisoning of swine by eating mashed potato flakes happened at Mizuho swinery in Kutchan, Hokkaido, in January 1963.
As a part of investigation of molds in feedstuffs, microbiological studies were undertaken on the toxicosis caused by mashed potato flakes which were prepared from waste products in potato mash factory.
The examination showed that the mashed potato flakes were contaminated with abundant molds. From the result, it appeared that the toxicosis was caused by eating the moldy fodder.
Molds occurring on the poisonous fodder were isolated and classified into the following 4 genera including 7 species.
Neurospora tetrasperma SHEAR et DODGE
Geotrichum candidum LINK
Aspergillus fumigatus FRESENIUS
Aspergillus flavus LINK
Aspergillus terreus THOM
Penicillium roqueforti THOM
Penicillium expansum LINK
Among these molds, A. fumigatus, A. flavus and P. roqueforti were found to be dominant flora on the flaskes. These species of molds had been reported as mycotoxin producers, hence they were considered to be main causative molds of the toxicosis.View full abstractDownload PDF (484K) -
II. On the extraction of plasma thyroxineTadao ISHII, Yuichi TANABE, Yoshinori TAMAKI, Yoichi SHODA1971 Volume 42 Issue 5 Pages 216-223
Published: May 25, 1971
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn the previous report5) the availability of the acetalized polyvinyl alcohol (PVF) sponge for the purpose of radiostereo-assay of plasma thyroxine was described.
But using PVF sponge for radiostereo-assay of plasma thyroxine instead of Triosorb resin, which was first proposed by NAKAJIMA et al.7, 8), lowered or sometimes minus value was obtained in animal plasma. Then, we re-examined the extraction procedure of plasma thyroxine (Table 1, 2).
It was shown that n-propanol, iso-propanol, ethanol, acetone, dichloroethane and ethyleneglycol-monomethyl-ether were suitable for the extraction of plasma thyroxine (Table 3). Considering the coagulation of protein and volatility, ethanol seemed to be the most suitable solvent to extract the plasma thyroxine. The clearest supernatant was obtained when double or treble volume of ethanol (above 99%) was added to one volume of the plasma.
However, 2 ml of ethanol supernatant, which was obtained by adding 2 ml of ethanol to I ml of bovine plasma followed by mixing and centrifuging 3, 000 r.p.m. (1500 x g) for 15 minutes, still contained 1.42 mg of plasma protein maintaining special binding affinity for thyroxine (Fig. 2).
After the evaporation, the dried extract was added to 131I-T3 sponge uptake test system. Then, the 131I-T3 sponge uptake ratio was lowered remarkably (Fig. 1).
So the contamination of plasma protein in extracts was the main factor of lowered estimation of plasma thyroxine.
Contaminating protein was removed by re-extraction procedure.
The ethanol supernatant was evaporated to dryness in a test tube in an electric drying oven at 60°C. To the dried residue 0.1ml of dist. water and 2ml of ethanol were added, and the extraction and drying were repeated.
The re-extracted supernatant contained 18.3 pg of protein, which had not the specific binding affinity for thyroxine and did not lower 131I-T3 sponge uptake.
Thyroxine recovery rate by re-extraction was smaller than that of single-extraction (Fig. 3). The estimated value of plasma thyroxine by re-extraction was higher than that of singleextraction (Fig. 4).
It was concluded that ethanol extract, which was obtained by the addition of ethanol twice as much as animal plasma, contained considerable amount of plasma protein. And the contaminating protein maintained specific binding affinity for thyroxine.
Then, to remove it for exact estimation of plasma thyroxine in animals, the ethanolreextraction procedure is recomended.View full abstractDownload PDF (568K) -
Misao KANEMAKI1971 Volume 42 Issue 5 Pages 224-231
Published: May 25, 1971
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSNatural agglutinins for chicken red cells in sera of seven inbred strains of mice (KK, NC, C57BL/6, DDK, BS, AIII and AY) were examined.
1. Qualitatively different three A-, B- and C-cell agglutinins for chicken red cells were discovered in sera of inbred mice. These three agglutinins appeared with a stepwise order.
2. Age of the mice was a main factors which influenced the incidence of natural agglutinins within a strain when the same red cells were used as antigen. In the sera of one month old mice, there were no apparent strain differences. In six strains of mice, the incidence of natural agglutinins increased with age, but the reverse age effect was found in AY mice. Within a strain, sex did not influence the incidence of agglutinins.
3. When the mouse strains were distinguished by the significant difference in the incidence of each agglutinin, the seven strains can be classified into four groups. KK and NC had high incidence of three, A-, B- and C-cell agglutinins, C57BL/6, DDK and BS had high incidence of both A- and B-cell agglutinins, AIII had high incidence of only A-cell agglutinin, and AY had low or no incidence of all agglutinins.View full abstractDownload PDF (444K) -
Yoshinori TAMAKI, Yuichi TANABE1971 Volume 42 Issue 5 Pages 232-236
Published: May 25, 1971
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe relationship of thyroxine secretion rates (TSR) to age was studied with Dominant White Cornish, White Plymouth Rock, New Hampshire and White Leghorn chickens maintained at a constant temperature (25±1°C). TSR of these birds were determined at 4, 7, 10, 15 and 20 weeks of age. The TSR of each breed decreased with abvancing age. The differences in TSR between both sexes and the breeds were not found.
The heritability estimates of TSR of 4-week-old White Plymouth Rock chicken kept at a constant (25±1°C) temperature were 0.24 from the response to selection and 0.19 from the regression of offspring on mid-parents.View full abstractDownload PDF (288K) -
Kousaku TANAKA, Osamu KOGA1971 Volume 42 Issue 5 Pages 237-249
Published: May 25, 1971
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFertilizing ability of spermatozoa incubated for 2 days in various regions of ligated oviduct, the role of uterovaginal junction and culture of infundibular tissue containing spermatozoa in the domestic fowl were investigated.
In our studies we proved that both the uterovaginal junction and the infundibulum were the most superior places for the maintenance of fertilizing spermatozoa than other regions of the oviduct. Intramagnal insemination led to a high incidence of early mortality. Whereas deposition of germ-free vas deferens semen by the same route resulted in reduced mortality, this tendency was still high in contrast to the intravaginal insemination of ejaculated semen. On the other hand, resection of uterovaginal junction following intravaginal insemination resulted in nearly normal fertility but in marked increase of early mortality throughout the designated period. Consequently, it is suggested that microbial contamination of the oviduct may be one of the factors causing a high incidence of the first week mortality following intramagnal insemination and that uterovaginal junction may have a screening effect against such intruders.
It was demonstrated that motile spermatozoa can be maintained in vitro for at least 2 days at 41°C if the fresh infundibular tissue containing spermatozoa is cultured in plasma medium.View full abstractDownload PDF (1386K) -
Ikuo OKADA1971 Volume 42 Issue 5 Pages 250-251
Published: May 25, 1971
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe linkage relationships between two phosphatase loci (Ap and Acp-2) and blood groups A, B and D and plumage color C loci were examined. The segregation data were compatible with expectation for independent loci.View full abstractDownload PDF (85K)
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