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Volume 44, Issue 10
Displaying 1-6 of 6 articles from this issue
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Ryoji KAWASHIMA1973 Volume 44 Issue 10 Pages 497-505
Published: October 25, 1973
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
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Hirotada TSUJII, Saburo TAKEUCHI1973 Volume 44 Issue 10 Pages 506-511
Published: October 25, 1973
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFOLSTAD et al.13) were the first who succeeded in cultivating rat embryo from eight-cell stage to blastocyst. The present investigation was undertaken to determine what amino acids are necessary during such development. The eight-cell embryos were obtained from Wistar rat on the day-4 of pregnancy (the day when spermatozoa were found in the smear was counted as day-1), and embryos were cultured by the method of BRINSTER10). The basal medium used in all experiments was BMOC214). The eight-cell embryos could develop to blastocysts in a medium either containing carbohydrate as energy source or a nitrogen source alone (Table 1). Out of 165 eight-cell embryos incubated, 99 developed to morulae or blastocysts when sodium pyruvate, sodium lactate and 1% BSA were added to the medium (Table 2).Glycine, glutamic acid, glutamine, alanine, arginine, serine, valine, aspartic acid and threonine seemed beneficial for the development beyond eight-cell stage, but isoleucine, phenylalanine, tryptophan and tyrosine were without effect (Table 3). Of 97 embryos, 66 developed to morulae or blastocysts when sodium pyruvate, lactate and five amino acids, i.e., alanine, glycine, glutamic acid, threonine, and serine were present in the medium (Table 4). In a medium containing sodium pyruvate, sodium lactate and amino acids as in the uterine fluid on the 5th day of pseudopregnancy, 161 of 192 embryos incubated developed to morulae or blastocysts (Table 5), suggesting that the utilization of amino acids by the embryo might be closely correlated with the content of the free amino acids in the corresponding uterine fluid.View full abstractDownload PDF (374K) -
III. The Ability of Urea Utilization of Early Weaned CalvesSakae MATSUOKA, Hiroshi FUJITA, Tokuzo HASHIZUME1973 Volume 44 Issue 10 Pages 512-516
Published: October 25, 1973
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo study the ability of early weaned calves to utilize urea, feeding experiment was conducted for 4 weeks from 9 to 13 weeks of age, followed by 5 days of digestion and nitrogen balance study. Throughout this period, the level of urea in the ration (starter and hay cube) was met to the generally accepted guidelines for mature cattle of not more than 1% urea in the ration air-dry matter and not more than one-fourth of the total protein equivalent from urea. Holstein male calves were weaned at 7 weeks of age and were divided into four groups of four heads each (A, B, C and D). Four experimental starters were used: Starter A or D were prepared as positive and negative control, respectively, and Starter B (urea supplement, 1.5%) or C (urea supplement, 1.2%) were formulated as to be equal to Starter A in the level of DCP (8.0%) and CP (11.4%), respectively. The results are summarized as follows. 1) The average daily gains of Group A, B, C and D were 0.37, 0.36, 0.37 and 0.23 kg, and feed conversion ratios were 8.87, 8.16, 9.30 and 12.34, and the levels of DCP intake were 60, 69, 57 and 33% of NRC requirement, respectively. 2) Group A, B and C retained significantly more nitrogen (P<.05) than Group D. The percent of nitrogen retained of N intake for Group A and B was significantly higher (P<.05) than that for Group D, and that for Group C, though non-significant, was higher than that for Group D. 3) The apparent digestibilities of crude protein, crude fiber and dry matter were significantly higher (P<.05), and those of NFE and energy tended to be higher for Group A, B and C than for Group D. 4) Group B tended to be higher than Group C in the amount of nitrogen retained and the apparent digestibility of crude fiber. 5) Differences among Group A, B and C in average daily gain, feed conversion ratio, nitrogen retention and apparent digestibility, were not significant (P>.05). Jap. J. Zootech. Sci., 44, (10):512-516.516 1973.10.View full abstractDownload PDF (401K) -
Yuzo HIKAMI, Toshio MIZUNO1973 Volume 44 Issue 10 Pages 517-527
Published: October 25, 1973
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEffects of restricted feeding and refeeding on the growth of chick muscles were investigated by measuring fiber diameter, DNA per muscle, total N per DNA and protein composition. The amount of feed intake by chicks was extremely restricted so as to maintain their day-old body weight, and recovery growth was induced by refeeding after restriction for 12 days. Recovery of muscle weight, muscle fiber diameter and total DNA per muscle after refeeding was rapid for the first 6 days of the recovery period and thereafter the recovery rate decreased. On the other hand, total N per DNA was recovered approximately at a constant rate through the experi-mental period. It was consequently assumed that the rapid increase in muscle weight for the early period after refeeding was mainly due to the accumulation of the nucleo cytoplasmic unit with the slight increase in the value of cytoplasm per nucleus. The concentration of sarcoplasmic-protein N was recovered immediately after refeeding, followed by fibrillar-protein N. Extracellular-protein N seems to be hardly affected by the nutrition level.View full abstractDownload PDF (623K) -
T. AKAISHI, S. KUSUHARA, K. ISHIDA, M. YAMAGUCHI1973 Volume 44 Issue 10 Pages 528-529
Published: October 25, 1973
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
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Shigeki KOBAYASHI1973 Volume 44 Issue 10 Pages 530-531
Published: October 25, 1973
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
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