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Volume 44, Issue 12
Displaying 1-7 of 7 articles from this issue
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VI. Effect of the Addition of Soybean Meal or Urea on VFA Production in the Rumen of Wethers Fed High-Barley RationYoichi KOJIMA, Ryoji KAWASHIMA, Shoji UESAKA1973 Volume 44 Issue 12 Pages 593-597
Published: December 25, 1973
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSix wethers were used and fed the diet, which is equivalent to 3% of their body weight, consisted of raw or cooked barley (80%), rice straw (20%) and soybean meal equivalent to 0, 10 and 20% of the barley. Rumen juice was sampled 3 hours after feeding. Total VFA increase of the amount of soybean meal in the diet regardless of raw or cooked barley, however, the VFA value was lower in case of cooked barley diet. Acetate to propionate ratio decreased as the amount of soybean meal in the diet increased and it increased with the cooked barley diet. Next, four wethers were used and fed the diet, consisted of raw or cooked barley (80%) and rice straw (20%), which is equivalent to 2.7% of their body weight into which soybean meal (20% of barley) or urea (3% of barley) was added. Rumen juice was sampled 0, 1, 3 and 6 hours after feeding. There was consistent trend of higher total VFA value in the animal fed urea-added diet than soybean meal-added diet. Acetate to propionate ratio was lower in the animal fed urea-added diet than the animal fed soybean meal-added diet except the case of 6 hours after feeding. Acetate to propionate ratio generally decreased in the animals fed urea- or soybean meal-added and cooked barley diet. The fact that this effect of cooking on acetate to propionate ratio differed from the result in former experiment based primarily on the change of amount of diet. From the view-point of that the readily available nitrogen is required for the fermentation of large amount of starchy diet, urea has better effects than soybean meal.View full abstractDownload PDF (382K) -
Shigefusa YAHATA, Kaoru Iwasaki, Tadashi NAKUI, Akira ABE1973 Volume 44 Issue 12 Pages 598-604
Published: December 25, 1973
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSHay-cube, hay and silage were prepared from mixed forage consisting primarily of orchardgrass. Digestion trial, nitrogen metabolism experiment, palatability test and chemical analyses were made to clarify the differences of nutritive values of the three forms. The results are summarized as follows. 1) The digestibility and content of the cell wall constituent in cube were lower than those of other forms, and the ratio of digestible cell wall to TDN in cube was approximately 10% lower than that of hay in average value. 2) The ratio of water soluble nitrogen to total nitrogen in cube was extremely lower than that of other forms. The main reason of this fact may be the effect of denaturation of the plant protein due to heat in the process of rapid dehydration in the drum, input temperature being 900°C and output one being 115°C in4-5min.3) In the TDN and DCP contents, silage was superior to others but there was no definite difference between cube and hay in general. In terms of N-retention measured by nitrogen metabolism experiments, cube was superior to the others. 4) When measured by cafeteria palatability test, consumption of cube by the wether was much more than hay.View full abstractDownload PDF (490K) -
Yoshio NAKAHIRO, Yutaka ISSHIKI, Iwao TASAKI1973 Volume 44 Issue 12 Pages 605-610
Published: December 25, 1973
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to study the significance of the ceca of chickens in water absorption, the experiment was carried out using cecectomized pullets and cockerels of single comb White Leghorn, and the following results were obtained. Both water intake and water excretion were increased by extirpation of the ceca and ligating or cutting at the ileo-cecal junction. Increase of water excretion was mostly due to the increase of water cxcretion into feces but not into urine. This may suggest that cecectomy of birds results in reduction of absorption of water. Such a reduction of water absorption leads to the increase of water intake. It is suggested that the cecal function concerning the absorption of water can not be compensated by other parts of the intestine. (Studies on the function of ceca of chickens .Report 1)View full abstractDownload PDF (522K) -
Mamoru SAITO, Tatsuro MATSUMOTO1973 Volume 44 Issue 12 Pages 611-614
Published: December 25, 1973
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWhite Leghorn male chicks were fed 4 different kinds of chick starters containing 24, 36, 100 and 200 ppm Zn for 2 or 3 weeks. In the first experiment, chicks were fed ad libitum and effects of dietary Zn level on carbohydrate metabolism were investigated. Glucose utilization and Zn in the liver increased in proportion to the increase of dietary Zn level, but these of the 200 ppm Zn diet group were lower than those of the 100 ppm Zn diet group. Highly significant positive correlation existed between glycogen content and Zn content in the liver (γ=+0.946, P<0.001). In the second experiment, the feed intake of chicks were controlled and each group of chicks took the same amount of nutrients except Zn. Glucose level in blood and glycogen contents of liver and muscle of the second experiment varied in the same way as the first experiment in which chicks were fed ad libitum. In view of the variations of carbohydrate metabolism described above, it can be suggested that effects of dietary Zn are similar to those of insulin, glucose and antidiabetic substances and Zn requirement of chick may be a little higher than the level of N. R .C. recommendation.View full abstractDownload PDF (331K) -
Hiroshi FUJITA, Masamichi JINBU1973 Volume 44 Issue 12 Pages 615-622
Published: December 25, 1973
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA first growth cutting of orchardgrass/Ladino clover mixture was stored as (1) silage from wilted, chopped forage, (2) silage from unwilted, chopped forage, (3) silage from direct cut untreated forage, and (4) field-cured hay. After a storage period of approximately four months, the forages were subjected to the determination of the chemical quality and nitrogen distribution, and were fed to four sheep (including two which were rumen-fistulated) to study the effect of chemical quality and the nitrogen distribution of forage on utilization of nitrogen. The results of the determination of pH value and the amounts of organic acids revealed that the quality of the silage was improved apparently by wilting and chopping at the time of ensiling. Wilted-chopped silage ranked first in quality, unwilted-chopped silage ranked second, and untreated silage last. Although a decrease in protein nitrogen followed by an increase in water-soluble nitrogen was observed irrespective of the quality of silage, there was a definite tendency' for the percentage of ammoniacal nitrogen to decrease in wilted-chopped silage and unwilted-chopped silage as compared with untreated silage. There were significant differences in nitrogen retention between the four forage treatments, being highest in the field-cured hay, followed by wilted-chopped silage and unwilted-chopped silage, and least in untreated silage. Rumen-ammonia concentration during the first four hours after feeding appeared to be higher in the untreated silage than in the other two silages. In contrast with the silages, only a slight increase in this measurement was observed in the field-cured hay. It is uggested that the increase in non-protein nitrogen in silage, especially ammoniacal nitrogen accompanied by a deterioration in quality of silage, is principally related to lower efficiency of nitrogen utilization in silage-fed ruminants.View full abstractDownload PDF (603K) -
J. OKUMURA, K. KATSU, Y. ISHIMOTO, I. TASAKI1973 Volume 44 Issue 12 Pages 623-624
Published: December 25, 1973
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (164K) -
Akimune UKAI, Tsutomu FUJIHARA, Fumio SHIBATA, Iwao TASAKI1973 Volume 44 Issue 12 Pages 625-627
Published: December 25, 1973
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (436K)
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