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Volume 45, Issue 2
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Shinichi MIKAMI1974 Volume 45 Issue 2 Pages 51-61
Published: February 25, 1974
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
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Keisuke FURUHASHI, Naosuke KURATA, Keisuke KUMAMOTO, Yasuhiro SATOH1974 Volume 45 Issue 2 Pages 62-66
Published: February 25, 1974
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe experiment to test the effects of substituting nonproteinous nitrogen (NPN) and adding essential amino acid was conducted with the feeds (ten kinds) which have substituted 20% of feed crude protein with urea or di-ammonium phosphate (DAP), to which L-lysine and DL-methionine was added at several levels. In comparative tests on urea-substitute feed, the groups fed on urea feed showed very poor daily gain (DG) of adout 400g, contrast with the control group's 633g. Even with the addition of essential amino acid, sufficient improvement in DG was not achieved. On the other hand, DAP-substitute feed groups showed generally good results: against the control group's DG 924g, the group with simple DAP substitution showed a poor result at 777g DG. When amino acid was added, however, a little less than 100g additional DG as well as feed conversion ratio comparable to that of the control group was observed in the substitute feed group. In particular, the group with DAP-substitute feed added with 0.3% of lysine and 0.1% of methionine showed better results than negative control group. Furthermore, apparent digestibility of nitrogen in NPN-substitute feed seems to be better than ordinary feed. From the viewpoint of ammonium and urea levels in blood as well as nitrogen balance, however, actual retained nitrogen ratio has remained at approximately the same level as that of ordinary feed. This is probably due to the fact that NPN has a higher rate of speedy discharge into urine via blood upon absorption into it.View full abstractDownload PDF (376K) -
Masayuki MIKAMI, Hiroyuki MIURA1974 Volume 45 Issue 2 Pages 67-72
Published: February 25, 1974
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe contents of each casein fraction of casein micelle and soluble casein in the normal milk were analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PGF) and DEAE-cellulose column chromatography. 1) Casein micelle separated at 25°C and 2°C resembled the whole acid casein in the PGE pattern and DEAE-cellulose column chromatogram. The contents of αs-κ-, β-and γ-casein fraction in both the casein micelle did not show great changes compared with the whole acid casein. 2) The amounts of soluble casein separated at 25°C and 2°C were 5.8-6.1% and 12.5-16.3% of the total casein, respectively. The contents of αs-κ- and β-casein in the 25°C soluble casein were much the same as those of the whole acid casein, but the content of γ-casein fraction was in the range of 11.65±6.27% and slightly higher compared with the whole acid and casein micelle. Generally, it seemed that each casein component in the 25°C soluble casein dissolved in milk serum at the same ratio as in the whole acid casein. 3) In the 2°C soluble casein, β-casein was p1enty and a main component, but αs-κ-casein was little. On the other hand, the content or γ-casein fraction was 16.31±2.45% in the 2°C soluble casein, which was more than others, but γ-casein fraction was not completely released from casein micelles at 2°C and 7.61±2.29% of it remained in the 2°C casein micelle.View full abstractDownload PDF (1222K) -
Masayuki MIKAMI, Hiroyuki MIURA1974 Volume 45 Issue 2 Pages 73-76
Published: February 25, 1974
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe contents of each casein fraction of casein micelle and soluble casein in colostrum were analyzed. 1) Casein micelle separated from colostrum at 25°C showed a similar pattern to colostral whole casein in the PGE pattern and DEAE-cellulose column chromatogram. 2) The amounts of soluble casein in the 25°C colostrum increased more and more after parturition, but they were less than in the normal milk. The content of each casein fraction in the 25°C soluble casein varied in 1-3 days after parturition but in 5 days, it approached the value of whole acid casein.View full abstractDownload PDF (618K) -
Histochemical Studies on the Muscle Fibers of Cattle, Horses, and Pigs, Especially in Soleus MusclesShigehiro MORITA1974 Volume 45 Issue 2 Pages 77-80
Published: February 25, 1974
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSRecent results from histochemical study have proved that the number of fiber types in soleus muscles of the rat, guinea pig, rabbit, and cat was fewer than that of other muscles. In this experiment, the fibers of the soleus, longissimus thoracis, trapezius, semitendinosus muscles in mature cattle, horses, and pigs were studied histochemically. The samples were treated by benzidine for myoglobin, by NADH2-TR, and amylophosphorylase reactions. The soleus muscles of cattle were composed of two fiber types. The small fibers exhibited high myoglobin content, great NADH2-TR activity and low phosphorylase activity, whereas the large fibers exhibited medium myoglobin content, NADH2-TR, and phosphorylase activity. The former is similar to the red fiber, but stronger in NADH2-TR enzyme under subsarcolemma than red fibers which are found in other muscles. The latter is the same to the intermediate fiber which is found in other muscles. In the soleus muscles of horses, only one fiber type was found. These fibers were rich in myoglobin, NADH2-TR activity, and medium in phosphorylase activity. However, in respects of myoglobin content and NADH2-TR activity, these fibers were classified into category of the red fiber, differed from the red fibers which were found in other muscles in other respect of phosphorylase activity. In the soleus muscles of pigs, the same three fiber types were found as found in other muscles. It was determined that these were the red, intermediate, and white fibers.View full abstractDownload PDF (934K) -
Yoshiyuki SASAKI, Kazuo KUMAZAKI, Osamu IKEDA1974 Volume 45 Issue 2 Pages 81-87
Published: February 25, 1974
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSChanges of blood glucose, protein and lipid levels during fasting in sheep and rats, and the effects of intravenously injected glucose on plasma 11-OHCS, protein and lipid levels were studied in the fasting sheep. In both species, blood glucose level decreased for the first few days (P<0.05), then remained at a low level and finally showed a slight rebound. During fasting period plasma total protein level continued to increase up to 10 days in sheep (P<0.01), while it began to decrease on the 4th day of fasting in rats where decrease was significant only in the female on the 6th day (P<0.05). Changes in plasma total lipid level with the progress of fasting were similar to that of protein in both species. In sheep, major changes in lipids were found in the free fatty acid fraction (FFA) (P<0.01). Intravenous injection of glucose into the fasting sheep caused marked decreases in levels of plasma 11-OHCS (P<.01), total plasma protein (P<.01), total lipids (P<0.05) and FFA (P<0.01). Clear reciprocal changes found between levels of circulating 11-OHCS and blood glucose in the fasting sheep suggested that glucocorticoids seem to play an important role for the regulation of blood glucose in this species.View full abstractDownload PDF (368K) -
H. SAKURAI1974 Volume 45 Issue 2 Pages 88-90
Published: February 25, 1974
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (215K)
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