All issues
Volume 46, Issue 1
Displaying 1-8 of 8 articles from this issue
- |<
- <
- 1
- >
- >|
-
Takao OISHI, Tsuneo ABE1975 Volume 46 Issue 1 Pages 1-5
Published: January 25, 1975
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effects of the kinds of parentage test cases, frequencies of alleles and the number of blood type loci used upon the probability of solving parentage test in animals using blood groups and protein types were theoretically investigated. The results were as follows: 1) In the locus consisting of two codominant alleles, the highest probability of proving non-paternity was obtained when the frequency of each allele was 0.5. On the other hand, in the locus consisting of a dominant allele and a recessive allele, the highest probability was obtained at the dominant allele frequency of around 0.2, and the probability lowered extremely when the frequency of dominant allele was 0.7 or above. 2) In the locus consisting of two codominant alleles, the probability was in the following order from the highest (1) the case in which the sire of four offspring in a litter was to be determined, (2) the case in which the combination of parents was tested, (3) general paternity case (2 sires, 1 dam, 1 offspring), (4) the case in which dam was not examined and (5) the paternity case involving three possible sires, independently of the gene frequency. In the locus consisting of a dominant allele and a recessive allele, the probability in the latter two cases above-mentioned showed extremely low values, the probability being zero when dam was not examined. However, if the genotypes of sires were clarified in this locus, the probability increased fairly. 3) When the number of sires involved in paternity test increased, the probability decreased in accordance with an exponential function. 4) When the blood type loci used for parentage test increased, the probability increased in accordance with an exponential function.View full abstractDownload PDF (389K) -
Osamu KAWAMURA, Tatsudo SENSHU, Masaaki HORIGUCHI, Tatsuro MATSUMOTO1975 Volume 46 Issue 1 Pages 6-10
Published: January 25, 1975
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe distribution of the cell contents and the cell wall constituents in herbage tissues (alfalfa, orchard grass and tall fescue) and their digestion process in the rumen were histochemically studied as well as the effect of the treatment with the neutral detergent of VAN SOEST on those materials. 1) The cel wall of the tissues having cell contents (mesophyll, cortex etc.) was not lignified, and both the cell contents and the cell wall of these tissues were rapidly disintegrated in the rumen. Some of the tissues with poor cell contents were lignified (protophloem fiber, secondary xylem etc.), and were hardly disintegrated in the rumen. Of the other nonlignified tissues, pith was easily disintegrated, whereas epidermis and collenchyma were hardly disintegrated in the rumen. The phloem of the grasses, being enclosed with lignified tissues, was disintegrated slowly. These results suggest that the digestibility of herbages in the rumen should be influenced by the tissue constructions of plants, such as the lignification and the steric disposition of the tissues. 2) The neutral detergent treatment removed the bulk of the cell contents from the tissues of the legume, and, to a lesser extent, from those of the grasses. Most of the polysaccharides and lignin of the cell wall remained in the treated residues.View full abstractDownload PDF (1077K) -
Yasushi IZUMI1975 Volume 46 Issue 1 Pages 11-18
Published: January 25, 1975
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis trial was conducted, using four fistulated Holstein cows in a Latin-square design, to investigate the relations of various feeds and VFA production in the rumen of the cow. The feeds selected for this trial are orchardgrass hay, orchardgrass silage, beet pulp and concentrate. The feeds were offered twice daily in equal amounts at 9a.m. and 9p.m. The concentration of ammonia nitrogen and VFA, and pH values were determined on rumen liquor taken immediately before feeding and at hourly intervals over a 11-hr period after feeding. The principal results obtained were as follows: The concentration of ammonia nitrogen present in the rumen over a 12-hr period from beet pulp was significantly lower (P<0.01) than that observed when the other feeds were fed. The molar percentage of acetic acid was significantly greater on hay and silage than on concentrate (P<0.01), and than on beet pulp (P<0.05). The molar percentage of butyric acid was significantly greater on concentrate than on hay and silage. The molar percentage of iso-valeric acid was significantly greater on silage and concentrate than on beet pulp (P<0.01) and hay (P<0.05). The proportion of the rumen propionic acid and n-valeric acid was not significant.View full abstractDownload PDF (635K) -
Sadaki YAMAMOTO, Toshio ITO, Ko MIMURA1975 Volume 46 Issue 1 Pages 19-23
Published: January 25, 1975
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1. In order to investigate the most fitted physiological information-index among several physiological responses such as the respiration rate, the heart rate or the rectal temperature, and to estimate the effective temperature for the chicken under the combined conditions of the temperature and humidity, experiments were carried out with six rearing cockerels and six laying commercial White Leghorn hens. 2. The respiration rates of the layers responded almost lineally to the increase of the dry bulb temperature from 25 to 35°C, but those of the cockerels responded only to the higher temperature above 34°C. 3. In high environmental temperature the heart rates of the cockerels decreased gradually, but increased at the hottest condition accompanied with the increased rectal temperature. 4. The respiration rates were estimated as a better physiological information-index than the rectal temperatures for appreciation of the combined conditions of the environmental temperature and humidity. One of the reason is that the change of the respiration rate is much greater than that of the rectal temperature, and moreover the amount is comparatively linear to the change of the environmental temperature or humidity. The other reason is that the steady state reaction in the respiration rate appears in comparatively short time after exposure to high environmental temperature.View full abstractDownload PDF (388K) -
Yasushi IZUMI1975 Volume 46 Issue 1 Pages 24-28
Published: January 25, 1975
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFour fistulated Holstein cows were used to investigate the influence of levels of nitrogen fertilization and growth stage of plants for hays and silages on VFA production and other condition in the rumen. A field of mixed forage, predominantly timothy, was fertilized with 3kg or 12kg/10a of nitrogen fertilizer and was harvested for hay and silage either on June 18 or July 8. Each roughage was fed in equal amount of dry matter. Roughages were offered twice daily in equal poriton at 9a.m. and 5p.m. The principal results obtained were as follows: Silages tended to cause a decrease in acetic and an increase in propionic, butyric and valeric, compared to hay. Roughages from later dates of cutting tended to cause an increase in ruminal pH and a decrease in concentration of ammonia nitrogen and total VFA. Roughages from high fertilization tended to cause an increase in concentration of ammonia nitrogen.View full abstractDownload PDF (359K) -
Hsi-shan CHANG, Sadao SHIRAKAWA, Umeo YOSHINO, Kunio YAMAUCHI1975 Volume 46 Issue 1 Pages 29-33
Published: January 25, 1975
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWhen alkali is added to egg white, its viscosity increases and finally egg white becomes gel. In this report, several factors which affect the alkali gelation of egg white, such as temperature (0-45°C), protein concentration and some reagents, were investigated. As the temperature was raised the gelation of egg white by alkali (4ml 4.5N NaOH per 100ml egg white) occurred more promptly and the gel became firmer. When egg white was diluted with equal volume of water, the addition of alkali resulted in soft gel, which underwent self-liquefaction after standing at room temperature for a day. The addition of 1-4M urea or 0.1-0.2% sodium lauryl sulfate accelerated the gelation and hard gel was formed. When egg white was adjusted to pH 12.5 and allowed to stand for thirty minutes, the conalbumin band of the egg white disappeared as determined by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAE). As the pH was raised to 13.0, the ovalbumin band also disappeared. While the crystalline ovalbumin solution treated at pH 13.0 overnight showed no change in PAE pattern, the hand in PAE pattern of conalbumin treated in the same way disappeared. These results suggest the more susceptibility of conalbumin to alkali and the interaction of protein components of egg white. By gel filtration on Sephadex G-200, the alkali treated egg white (pH 12.0-12.4) showed two fractions. Area of the faster fraction increased with the increase of pH. At pH 12.8 the alkali treated egg white showed only one peak which was corresponding to the faster fraction, while the peak of the untreated egg white was corresponding to the slower fraction.View full abstractDownload PDF (1212K) -
Yoichi UEDA, Ryoji ONODERA, Makoto KANDATSU1975 Volume 46 Issue 1 Pages 34-41
Published: January 25, 1975
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA peptide metabolism of the rumen ciliate protozoa was investigated by determining ammonia -and amino-nitrogen produced from the pancreatic digest of casein (polypepton) in the medium after incubation. Polypepton was decomposed by both the isotrichids-containing ciliates and the ophryoscolecid ones, and ammonia and amino acids increased in the medium. Peptides produced in most abundant among non-protein nitrogen in the medium after incubation of the isotrichids-containing ciliates or the ophryosolecids with dissolved casein or particulate insoluble casein, respectively, were decomposed into amino acids and ammonia during further incubation of both kinds of the ciliates. The supernatant fluid of the medium after 5hr incubation of the ciliates and the homogenate of the ciliates also produced amino acids and ammonia from polypepton during incubation. The ratio of amino nitrogen to ammonia nitrogen produced in the medium after incubation of the supernatant fluid was significantly higher than those produced after incubation of the ciliate suspension and the homogenate of the ciliates. The rumen ciliates, therefore, seemed to secrete a large amount of the peptidase into the medium during incubation. The possibility for peptide to be incorporated into the ciliates through the cell membranes, however, can not always be denied from these results.View full abstractDownload PDF (449K) -
Kiyoshi MYOGA, Fumio SHIBATA1975 Volume 46 Issue 1 Pages 42-44
Published: January 25, 1975
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (174K)
- |<
- <
- 1
- >
- >|