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Volume 46, Issue 6
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Jiro NAMEKAWA, Eizo OTA, Yukio TACHIKAWA1975 Volume 46 Issue 6 Pages 317-325
Published: June 25, 1975
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe have been investigating about raising on pasture and environmental factors affecting the growth of the Holstein heifers during pasturing from 1965 to 1972. The following results were obtained, 1) The growth pattern of raising heifers on Satomi pasture was characteristic, their bodyweight gains did not increase greatly from June to July but increased after this period. Investigation of the data from 1969 to 1971 showed that the average daily gain was only 0.34kg during pasturing. 2) Considerable damage of piroplasmosis (13.0 to 36.4% of all) took place in the graizing heifer. 3) The best way to keep off the danger of piroplasmosis was to inject a new vaccine to the heifer, the vaccination was done on 70th day before grazing. 4) We obtained the new vaccine from National Institute of Animal Health. This new vaccine has always consisted of bovine blood known or believed to be infected with Babesia sp. and Theileria sergenti. The vaccine containing Babesis sp. and Theileria sergenti was more effective than the vaccine for Theileria sergenti only on Satomi pasture. 5) The percentage of albumin fraction tended to decrease clearly at the early stage of the grazing, and then increase gradually or continue constantly until the end of the grazing. The percentage of γ-globulin fraction tended to increase gradually during grazing, 6) Trace elements of the Satomi pasture, quantities of Cu and Fe were normal. 7) We must pay attention to other factors affecting the raising of grazing heifers, however, the daily gain of their body-weight was promoted a little by a new vaccination.View full abstractDownload PDF (655K) -
Tae Song KOH, Iwao TASAKI1975 Volume 46 Issue 6 Pages 326-333
Published: June 25, 1975
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of dietary long chain fatty acids on fatty acid composition of liver and plasma lipids in birds. Single comb White Leghorn male chicks were fed a fat-free diet and diets containing stearic, lionoleic or margaric acid, and liver lipid components and liver and plasma fatty acid distributions were compared. The fractionation of total lipids and analysis of fatty acid distribution were performed by thin layer chromatography and gas liquid chromatography, respectively. The fatty acid feeding did not affect the body weight gain, liver size and liver lipid components. Wet liver contained 5.9-7.8% total lipids, which contained 41-50%, 27-30%, 9-12% and 1-2% of phospholipids, trigricerides, free cholesterol and cholesterol esters, respectively. When margaric acid (17:0) was fed, 17:0 and heptadecenoic acid (17:1) appeared in every lipid fractions of liver and plasma, and distribution values of these acids were not significantly different between the lipid fractions of liver. In blood plasma of the 17:0 fed chicks, however, significantly higher distribution values of 17:0 and of 17:1 were observed in the trigryceride fraction and in the cholesterol ester fraction, respectively. Dietary stearic acid (18:0) did not show any effect on the distribution of 18:0 in every lipid fractions of liver, but showed a significantly higher distribution value of 18:0 in the free fatty acid fraction of plasma. When linoleic acid (18:2) was fed, every lipid fractions of liver and plasma contained 18:2; especially a significantly higher distribution value was observed in the phospholipid fraction of liver. Dietary margaric and linoleic acids tended to decrease the distribution value of endogenously synthesized 16:1 and 18:1 in liver. The phospholipid fraction of plasma contained a substance which was considered as eicosatrienoic acid (20:3), and the distribution value of this substance was significantly lower when the linoleic acid diet was fed than when the other diets were fed.View full abstractDownload PDF (671K) -
Akio SHIGA, Jujiro TSUJI, Ken-ichi SHINOZAKI, Yuichi KOBAYASHI1975 Volume 46 Issue 6 Pages 334-341
Published: June 25, 1975
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA study was undertaken to determine whether propylene glycol supplemented in the basal diets consist of concentrates, grass hay and herbage influenced on growth rate and rumen volatile fatty acids of lambs or not. Twenty five male Corridale lambs weighing average 31.7kg were divided into two experimental and control groups, with the experimental groups respectively, receiving 0.5g and 1.0g per kg B. W. of propylene glycol in daily ration every other day throughout 104 days. Propylene glycol significantly increased weight gain of lambs (P⟨0.05), especially at initial stage for about 30 days: average daily gains of each experimental group were 104.2g and 104.9g, while that of control group was 78.2g. The rumen liquor samples withdrawn about 5 hrs after feeding were chemically analyzed for volatile fatty acids, free ammonia and pH. Rumen propionate concentrations of both experimental groups significantly increased at initial stage (P⟨0.05). Total volatile fatty acids of experimental groups also showed a tendency of increase more or less than those of control group at every stages. No significant difference between control and experimental groups was found in other chemical constituents, except VFA of the rumen liquor. Three lambs of each group were slaughtered. The weight percentage of wool, dressed carcass and red meat-fat ratios of each experimental group increased more or less than that of control group. Therefore, it was suggested that propylene glycol supplemented in the ration might have given a good result for fattening techniques of ruminants, where the effect of propylene glycol on weight gain seemed to have been brought about by the change in the rumen fermentation rather than by energy sources of it.View full abstractDownload PDF (566K) -
Takashi NEGISHI, Kosuke SATO, Shuji HIROSE, Yasuhiko FUJINO1975 Volume 46 Issue 6 Pages 342-346
Published: June 25, 1975
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEgg yolk lipid has well been studied in detail, but egg white lipid has not yet, probably because of a small amount of lipid. The present work was carried out to elucidate lipid classes and their constituents of egg white prepared from the fresh hen eggs. The results are as follows. 1. The egg white contained 0.011-0.014% of lipid. The ratio of neutral lipids and polar lipids was 7-6:1. 2. The main neutral lipids were wax, free fatty acid and free sterol. The main polar lipids were sphingomyelin and cerebroside. 3. The principal components of wax were oleic acid and octadecanol. 4. The main fatty acids of free fatty acid fraction were palmitic, oleic and linoleic acid. 5. As the free sterol, only cholesterol was found. 6. The main components of sphingomyelin were palmitic acid and sphingosine. 7. The principal components of cerebroside were palmitic acid, dihydrophytosphingosine and glucose.View full abstractDownload PDF (337K) -
Hiroshi FUJITA, Kazuyoshi KATSUMATA1975 Volume 46 Issue 6 Pages 347-352
Published: June 25, 1975
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe grass silage made from the first cut of orchardgrass/Ladino clover mixture was separated into two fractions, the water soluble fraction and its residue, by water extraction. These two fractions and the original silage were submitted to the determination of nitrogen distribution, and were fed to sheep to examine whether the form of nitrogenous component of silage has any relation to the utilization of silage nitrogen in ruminants. The water soluble fraction of the silage contained the highest proportion of its total nitrogen in the form of amino acids (61%) with the complete absence of protein nitrogen, while, in the residual fraction, the protein nitrogen formed a major component of the nitrogenous constituents, accounting to 73% of the total nitrogen. Although the nitrogen digestibility in the water soluble fractin of the silage was higher than the residual fraction and the original silage, sheep fed with water soluble fraction had greater nitrogen losses in their urine, and had the lowest nitrogen retention values. Evidence suggested that the change in the distribution of the nitrogenous component during storage, involving a considerable increase in water-soluble non-protein nitrogen, may be related to the efficiency of the utilization of nitrogen of grass silage in ruminants.View full abstractDownload PDF (422K) -
Fumio YOSHIDA, Masashi HIGUCHI1975 Volume 46 Issue 6 Pages 353-359
Published: June 25, 1975
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1. Ovarian extracts of immature rats pretreated with gonadotropins possessed a catheptic activity which had an optimum pH whithin the range of 2.5 to 3.0 when casein was used as a substrate. 2. The time course of the caseinolytic reaction by this catheptic activity and the relationships between the catheptic activity and amounts of protein contained in the ovarian extract were investigated. 3. It was suggested that the catheptic activity in the corpus luteum was higher than that in the ovarian follicle. 4. The catheptic activity was considerably stable at temperature below 37°C under the pH condition of 3 0r 6, but unstable even at 4°C under the pH condition of 9. 5. The catheptic activity was hardly affected by some substances which had been well known as activators or inhibitors for the general proteolytic enzyme.View full abstractDownload PDF (383K) -
Hyung Kee PARK, Tatsumi ITO, Toshiyuki FUKAZAWA1975 Volume 46 Issue 6 Pages 360-366
Published: June 25, 1975
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe rheological properties of sausages made from normal, and pale, soft and exudative (PSE) muscles and the extractability of myosin B of the both muscles were studied. The effects of pyrophosphate on the rheological properties of the sausages and the extractability of myosin B were also studied. The rheological properties-hardness, cohesiveness, springiness and chewiness, of sausages made from PSE muscles were much less than those of normal muscle. The extractability of myosin B of PSE muscle was also much less than that of normal. The rheological properties of sausages made from normal muscle were markedly improved by the addition of pyrophosphate, whereas in the case of PSE muscle pyrophosphate did not improve significantly the rheological properties. Pyrophosphate also increased the extractability of myosin B of normal muscle. However, the extractability of myosin B of PSE muscle did not increase significantly by the addition of pyrophosphate. The interrelationship between the extractability of myosin B of PSE muscle and its acceptability for sausage manufacturing was discussed.View full abstractDownload PDF (843K) -
Tae Song KOH, Iwao TASAKI1975 Volume 46 Issue 6 Pages 367-373
Published: June 25, 1975
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe energetic utilizability of glucose and of palmitic, margaric and stearic acids was determined using White Leghorn cockerels. When 312.0 kJ of glucose was fed at the above-maintainance level, the birds gained 12.8g of body weight daily. Of added glucose 98.1% of energy was metabolized and 86.3% of metabolized energy was retained in the body as the adipose fats. Assuming that the excessively given glucose is completely converted to adipose triglycerides, it was estimated that 89.8% of metabolized energy is theoretically retained as the adipose fats. This estimated value is very agreeable with the observed one. Supply of 324.3kJ of margaric acid at the above-maintainance level did not change body weight, and the metabolizability of margaric acid was 16.0%. The lower metabolizability of margaric acid than that of glucose is due to the low digestibility, being 18%. Palmitic and stearic acids were less utilizable than margaric acid.View full abstractDownload PDF (443K) -
Motoaki KOSUGIYAMA, Akira KATADA, Takeaki KIKUCHI, Tadashi KYUMA1975 Volume 46 Issue 6 Pages 374-376
Published: June 25, 1975
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTRENKLE1) described in the review that basal plasma insulin levels were 15-50μU/ml in cattle. YOUNG et al.2) found no significant relationship between insulin level and age. IRVIN and TRENKLE3) reported that plasma insulin levels could not be related to age or breed in cattle from 18 to 371 days of age. At 371 days, steers had higher levels of plasma insulin than heifers. These increased levels in the steers were reasonably related to the consumption of finishing rations rather than age or sex.
At present, however, no report is available about plasma insulin levels of Japanese Shorthorn and Japanese Black Cattle. The purpose of this study was not obtain basic data of plasma insulin concentrations in calves of Japanese Shorthorn and Japanese Black Cattle and to see whether the results obtained in other breeds can be held in these Japanese breeds or not. In this study, young sucking calves which were not fed with rations were used to investigate the breed difference of plasma insulin levels, as it was known that insulin levels of adult calves were influenced by feeding rations3).View full abstractDownload PDF (154K) -
Tsutomu FUJIHARA, Iwao TASAKI1975 Volume 46 Issue 6 Pages 377-379
Published: June 25, 1975
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIt was demonstrated by CHALMERS et al.1) that sheep fed a low protein ration retained more nitrogen in the body and excreted less nitrogen in the urine when casein was duodenally infused than when casein was infused ruminally. CHALMERS and OGILVIE2) later observed in sheep that the abomasal infusion of casein together with glucose increased nitrogen retention compared to the abomasal infusion of casein alone. The objective of the present experiment was to determine whether or not starch would influence the utilization of casein when starch and casein were simultaneously infused into the abomasum of adult goats.View full abstractDownload PDF (169K)
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