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Volume 47, Issue 2
Displaying 1-9 of 9 articles from this issue
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Motomu KASHIHARA, Masashi TANAKA1976 Volume 47 Issue 2 Pages 55-62
Published: February 25, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to establish a method of microanalysis for furazolidone (FZD) in chicken and swine tissues, experiments were carried out in the following respects. Firstly, FZD excitation spectrum, conditions for pyridine treatment of furazolidone to develop a spot on the thin-layer chaomatographic plate, and a correlation between the quantity of furazolidone and the intensity of fluorescence were studied. Secondly, a general methodology for extraction, separation and purification of furazolidone from animal tissues was studied. As a result, the following method of microanalysis was established, that is to add distilled water, sodium chloride, 1N hydrochloric acid and to homogenize the tissues. Then, purificate by extraction, repurificate by column chromatography, develop by thinlayer chromatography, expose to pyridine vapor to develop a spot, and measure the intensity of fluorescence of the spot. Using this method, furazolidone residue was tested in muscles, livers, and skin with fat of chickens; in muscles, livers, fat and kidneys of swine. As a result, no furazolidone was detected in any of the tissue samples taken one day after the withdrawal of the drug.View full abstractDownload PDF (440K) -
Yutaka NAKAMURA, Joji YOSHIDA, Ryohachiro NAKAMURA, Hirobumi HORIE1976 Volume 47 Issue 2 Pages 63-67
Published: February 25, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis study was conducted to investigate the reason why nitrate poisoning in the ruminant occurred more frequently a few days after high nitrate forage feeding on the field. Heavily fertilized green amaranth, Sudan grass, corn soilage and turnip leaves were used as high nitrate materials. After low nitrate forage feeding, sheep were fed chopped high nitrate forages containing 0.33-0.39g of nitrate per 1kg of body weight through rumen fistula twice a day for a week. In the early stage of nitrate feeding no toxic symptoms were observed and maximum amount of nitrite in rumen liquor was rather low in spite of the high nitrate level in the rumen. However, the maximum amount of nitrite increased day by day to reach almost constant level, and methemoglobin in the blood came to 30-40% within six hours after nitrate feeding. Methemoglobinaemia was also observed. More vivid reduction from nitrate to nitrite was observed with rumen microorganisms of the sheep fed high nitrate forages than those of the sheep fed low nitrate forages. From the above results, it was inferred that nitrate poisoning in the ruminant was apt to occur a few days after high nitrate forage feeding due to the adaptation in the reduction of nitrate to nitrite observed with the rumen microorganisms in the change from low to high nitrate forages.View full abstractDownload PDF (384K) -
Tohru FUJISHIMA, Tadao ICHIKAWA1976 Volume 47 Issue 2 Pages 68-72
Published: February 25, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe present paper was designed to propose the statistical procedure for two-treatment switch-back, or double reversal, design with blocks where the number of individuals were unequal not only in blocks but also in the treatment sequence groups within blocks. The statistical model assumed for Yijklm, the performance of the kth individual of the mth experimental period of the lth treatment of the jth treatment sequence group in the ith block, was as follows:
Yijklm=μ+Bi+Sj+(BS)ij+cijk+Tl+Pm+(BT)il+(BP)im+(ST)jl+(SP)jm+(TP)lm+eijklm where μ, Bi, Sj, cijk, Tl, Pm and eijklm were mean and the ith block, the jth treatment sequence group, the ijkth individual, the lth treatment and the mth experimental period effects and random error, respectively, and (BS)ij, (BT)il, (BP)im, (ST)jl, (SP)jm (TP)lm were the corresponding interaction effects to the respective elements, and all elements, except cijk and eijklm being random variables, were fixed constants. Application of the procedure proposed in this paper to a study on the effect of milking at unequal intervals on milk yield in dairy cows illustrated the validity and usefulness of the procedure. The hypotheses for adopting the switch-back design were also discussed.View full abstractDownload PDF (306K) -
Yasushi SATO, Hiroaki YAMANISHI1976 Volume 47 Issue 2 Pages 73-80
Published: February 25, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe aim of this work is to reveal the influence of curing rabbit skin on the kind and the amount of extracted interfibriller proteins and glycosaminoglycans from skin at various pH between 8.0 and 10.5. Nitrogen, hexose and uronic acid determination, acrylamido gel electrophoresis and colum chromatography by Sephadex G-150 were carried out for the analysis of glycosaminoglycans and proteins extracted from fresh and cured skin. The amount of extracted matters from fresh skin was increased above pH 9.0-9.3. The ratios of globulin group to albumin group and dermatan sulfate to hyaluronic acid were increased with the increase of pH. Small amount of solubilized protein and considerable amount of hexose containing substances and glycosaminoglycans were found in curing liquors. The amounts of hexose and uronic acid containing substances in curing liquors were increased with the increase of curing period. The longer the curing period, the more the amount of hexose and uronic acid containing substances extracted from cured skin were. In the extracted solution, chondrotin-4-sulfate and chondroitin-6-sulfate were found besides dermatan sulfate and hyaluronic acid. The pHs, at which dermatan sulfate, chodroitin-4-sulfate and chondroitin-6-sulfate were extracted from cured skin, were brought closer to neutral region in proportion to the lengths of curing periods. It was estimated that solubilization of chondroitin-4-sulfate and chodroitin -6-sulfate might be due to the effect of saturated salt in curing and slight alkalinity of the extracted solution and hyaluronic acid and dermatan sulfate extracted from fresh and cured skin seemed to bind with globulin and albumin respectively.View full abstractDownload PDF (1154K) -
Hiro-omi YOKOTA1976 Volume 47 Issue 2 Pages 81-86
Published: February 25, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIntestinal absorption of L- and D-isomer of both methionine and lysine in chickens was investigated in situ, by measuring the disappearance and appearance rates of amino acids from lower jejunal lumen and into the mesenteric blood plasma, respectively, and also the amounts of amino acids accumulating in the intestinal tissues. The disappearance and appearance rates of L-methionine were high immediately after the introduction of the amino acid into the intestinal lumen when compared with those of the other amino acids. When D-methionine was introduced, the disappearance rate was as high as that of L-methionine at the first stage of absorption, whereas the appearance rate into the mesenteric blood was low, but 20 minutes after the introduction it became high. The disappearance rates of L- and D-lysine were low 10 minutes after the introduction and became high 20 minutes after the introduction, although the appearance rates maintained low level throughout the absorption period. The concentration of D-methionine remained in the intestinal tissues was high at 10 minutes after the introduction, but became low at 20 minutes, whereas L-methionine was low throughout the absorption period. The concentration of lysine remained in the intestinal tissues maintained the higher level than that of L-methionine throughout the absorption period. From the results, it is assumed that there are two carriers concerning amino acid absorption from the intestine of chickens; one carrier works for transportation of amino acid from the intestinal lumen into the intestinal tissues, and another from the intestinal tissues into the mesenteric blood.View full abstractDownload PDF (315K) -
Tsutomu YOSHIDA, Keiko NAKATANI, Makoto KANDATSU1976 Volume 47 Issue 2 Pages 87-94
Published: February 25, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSCecal contents of the rabbit were sampled, diluted with the same weightof distilled water, supplemented with either crude fiber material or the nitrogen compounds (casein, egg albumin or glycine) and incubated anaerobically for 3 hours at 39°C. Changes of pH, true protein, crude fiber, volatile fatty acids (VFA), and dialysable and undialysable riboflavin were studied. VFA was fractionated to acetic, propionic, n-butyric and n-valeric acids. The results obtained are as follows. 1. Marked changes in the cecal contents after incubation with addition of crude fiber material were: i) decreased decomposition of true protein, ii) increased decomposition of crude fiber, iii) decreased VFA production, especially of acetic acid, iv) increased riboflavin content, especially of the undialysable type. 2. Changes in the cecal contents after incubation with selected nitrogen compounds were compared with the control incubation without the compounds. A remarkable decrease in pH and increased decomposion of true protein were found when casein was added. However, neither addition of egg albumin nor glycine gave any definite effect, on the decomposion of true protein and crude fiber. Total VFA content was often increased by the addition of nitrogen compounds, especially by egg albumin which was also effective in decreasing molar percentage of acetic acid. The riboflavin content was not influenced by the casein, but increased by egg albumin and by glycine which stimulated production of dialysable riboflavin.View full abstractDownload PDF (425K) -
Atsushi SUZUKI1976 Volume 47 Issue 2 Pages 95-103
Published: February 25, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe pH stability of the myofibrillar adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) of muscle fiber types in four different skeletal muscles of the sheep and cattle was histochemically investigated. By incubating frozen sections in acid or alkaline solution before reaction for ATPase, it was found that the myofibrillar ATPase of the type A and B fibers was acid-labile and alkali-stable, whereas the ATPase of the type C, D, and E fibers was acid-stable and alkali-labile in both species. The ATPase activity in the D fibers was more strongly inhibited by preincubation at pH 4.0 than that in the C and E fibers. Few A fibers were acid- and alkali-stable. Such A fibers were found in a few muscles from some animals, but not in any muscles from other animals. With the ATPase reaction after pH 4.3 preincubation at room temperatures (16-18°C), slight differences in pH sensitivity between the sheep and cattle were noted in the B fibers of a certain kind of muscles. The temperature during acid and alkaline preincubation was shown to influence the inhibition of the ATPase activity.View full abstractDownload PDF (1898K) -
Hideo YANO, Ryoji KAWASHIMA1976 Volume 47 Issue 2 Pages 104-109
Published: February 25, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe present experiment was conducted to study the effect of giving high concentrate ration or urine and serum mineral concentrations, and to determine an inducing factor of calculi formation in cattle and sheep. Six wethers were given four different ratio of concentrate to roughage consisting of following in percent; 90: 10, 80: 20, 70: 30, 60: 40. The urine volume appeared to decrease to a little extent as increasing the concentrate to roughage ratio. When the highest concentrate ration-90% of concentrate-was given, the urine pH value lowered and the urine calcium concentration increased. The urine phosphorus concentration increased substantially and the serum phosphorus concentration increased to a little extent with the elevation of concentrate to roughage ratio. There were significant linear correlations between the urine pH value and the urine calcium concentration, and between the urine pH value and the urine phosphorus concentration. The increased urine phosphorus concentration induced by a mild acidosis may become one of causative factor to produce urinary calculi.View full abstractDownload PDF (268K) -
Kousaku TANAKA, Kihachiro NOBUKUNI1976 Volume 47 Issue 2 Pages 110-112
Published: February 25, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (140K)
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