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Volume 47, Issue 9
Displaying 1-8 of 8 articles from this issue
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Yoshio TSUTSUMI, Tetsuo TAKEDA1976 Volume 47 Issue 9 Pages 509-517
Published: September 25, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSNon-surgical recoveries of unfertilized ova were performed for a month after sterile mating in 22 pseudopregnant rabbits by the vaginal flushing technique. Thirtyone degenerative ova and 13 suspected materials which were analogous to the degenerative ova were recovered in 307 vaginal flushings. More than half of ova (52%) were recovered concentrically on 3 3/4 to 5 days post coitum, and their remains were obtained dispersedly for a long period beyond the termination of pseudopregnancy. The recovery rate of ova, however, was comparatively higher 18 to 22 days post coitum than that of other periods, except for the first 5 days. The earliest ova were detectable in the vaginal flushing 90 hours post coitum and this suggests that the early maternal recognition of the fertilized eggs may be established prior to 90 hours post coitum in pregnant does. The technique of vaginal flushing was also described.View full abstractDownload PDF (1933K) -
Effects of 7.5 and 16.5 hours Interval MilkingsTadao ICHIKAWA, Tohru FUJISHIMA1976 Volume 47 Issue 9 Pages 518-525
Published: September 25, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEffects of unequal milking interval on the milk yield, milk composition and udder engorgement which might be caused by it in dairy cows were studied by two trials. Six (Trial I) and eight (Trial II) Holstein cows producing daily 24.5kg milk on average (range 20-38kg) were used, and milked twice daily at intervals of 7.5 and 16.5 hrs for unequal interval milking period or experimental period and 11.0 and 13.0 hrs for the control period in each trial. Each trial was made up of a three-period double switch-back experiment, each period consisting of three weeks. Each cow was individually fed at the level based on the Japanese Feeding Standard for Dairy Cattle; 6kg of alfalfa-hay cube, 3kg of beet-pulp and 3kg of timothy hay, and concentrate at the rate of 1kg per 3kg milk yield were given daily throughout the experiment. Milk yields were measured at each milking and the milk fat, milk protein, lactose and SNF content of the morning and the evening milk were determined once a week. The modified California Mastitis Test (CMT) and the Wisconsin Mastitis Test (WMT) were also applied weekly to detect clinical and subclinical mastitis. The statistical analysis was made according to the modified analysis of two-treatment switch-back design15). The average daily milk yields were 24.2Kkg for the unequal interval milking period and 24.8kg for the control period, respectively. The difference, 0.6kg, was statistically significant (P<.05). Compared to the control period, the percentages of milk fat, milk protein, lactose and SNF content during the experimental period decreased by 0.02, 0.04, 0.10 and 0.13, respectively. Those decreases were significant except fat. The percentage of the morning milk yield to the daily milk yield was 5600 for the control period and 68 for the unequal interval milking period, both of which corresponded very well to that of the expected milk yield based on the length of milking interval. The fat percent of the milk obtained after the long interval (16.5hr) was lower than that obtained after the short interval (7.5hr) (2.80vs. 4.28%). The contents of milk protein, lactose and SNF were little affected by the length of preceding milking intervals. The CMT score and the WMT value for the unequal interval milking period were slightly higher than that for the control period, but only the former was significant. The relationship between the production capacity of individual cow and the decrease in milk yield due to extending milking interval was also discussed.View full abstractDownload PDF (571K) -
Toru MORI, Rentaro NAGANO1976 Volume 47 Issue 9 Pages 526-531
Published: September 25, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTwenty-two Landrace gilts averaging 127.8kg body weight initially were used in an experiment which was conducted through two successive reproductive cycles to clarify the effect of protein level during pregnancy on reproductive performance. The animals were divided into three dietary groups. Throughout gestation period they were individually hand-fed meal diets at the rate of 2.5kg per head daily to provide daily intakes of 400, 325 and 250g protein per head, respectively. The protein level had no significant effect on weight gain of the dam during gestation, though dams receiving higher level of protein during gestation had the trend of greater weight gains than dams receiving lower level of protein, and on weight loss at farrowing for two successive reproductive cycles. Regarding average weight loss of sows during lactation, sows receiving the highest level of protein during gestation in the second reproductive cycle showed greater weight loss than sows receiving the lowest level of protein (31. 4vs. 20.5kg). In the first and second reproductive cycles, the number of live pigs farrowed per litter, litter weight at birth and average birth weight of pigs were not significantly affected by the protein intake of dams during gestation. Also at 15 days of age and at weaning time, the number of pigs, average weight of pigs and litter weight were not significantly affected by the level of protein fed to dams during gestation. The daily intake of 250g protein of dams during gestation was sufficient to meet satisfactory reproductive performance.View full abstractDownload PDF (409K) -
Yutaka ISSHIKI, Yoshio NAKAHIRO1976 Volume 47 Issue 9 Pages 532-536
Published: September 25, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to determine the effect of diet on the chemical composition of cecal contents, the present experiments were carried out by using 3 months old Single-Comb White Leghorn cockerels. The diets tested were: whole wheat, a conventional diet, the conventional diet added 10% Italian ryegrass fiber or 15% feather meal, and the semi-purified diets containing 0-30% casein. The results obtained were as follows. Comparing with the lower small lintestinal contents, the cecal contents contained crude protein at a very high level, and the most of this crude protein was non-protein nitrogenous compounds. It was considered that the most part of the non-protein nitrogenous compounds in the cecum was endogenously secreted from the cecum. Crude fiber was remarkably low and nitrogen-free extracts tended to be slightly lower in the cecal contents. The conventional diet and the semi-purified diet containing 13% casein were given to the colostomized with an artificial anus chickens, and no significant difference in the chemical composition was observed between small intestinal contents and rectal feces, and between the cecal contents and cecal feces. This suggests that the rectum play no important role in digestion and absorption, because the rectal tract of chicken is not only relatively short but underdeveloped.View full abstractDownload PDF (387K) -
Yasushi IZUMI, Etuji URA, Masahiro OKAMOTO, Hiroshi WATANABE, Kosaku F ...1976 Volume 47 Issue 9 Pages 537-542
Published: September 25, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTwelve lactating Holstein cows were used to compare the feeding values of four different silages; corn harvested at the yellow ripe stage, corn at the ripe stage, and first and second cutting orchardgrass-ladino clover. A replicated 4×4 Latin-square design with 21-day periods was used. The cows were fed experimental silages ad libitum, with 1kg of concentrate per 6kg of FCM and 2kg of hay per cow daily. The principal results obtained were as follows: The silage dry matter intake was significantly (P<.01) lower for cows fed the second cutting orchardgrassladino clover than cows fed other silages. The silage dry matter intake was significantly (P<.01) higher for cows fed the corn harvested at the ripe stage than the first cutting orchardgrassladino clover. Cows fed the first cutting silage produced significantly (P<.05) more milk than cows fed the second cutting. the percentages of milk protein and solids-not-fat were significantly (P<.05) higher for cows fed the corn silages harvested at both stages than cows fed the first or second cutting orchardgrass-ladino clover silage.View full abstractDownload PDF (356K) -
Yasutaka KUMANO, Yoshitaka KANAMARU, Ryoya NIKI, Shunrokuro ARIMA1976 Volume 47 Issue 9 Pages 543-550
Published: September 25, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPurified bovine colostral IgGIgG1 was digested by pepsin and rennin, which are predominant milk-clotting enzymes in the abomasus of calf, and each resulting fragment was compared with respect to physicochemical and immunological properties. IgGIgG1 was digested by rennin for 3hr at 37C mostly at pH3.5 and little at pH5.5. By pepsin IgG was digested appreciably for 1hr at pH4.5 and slightly at pH5.5. Rennin and pepsin digested IgGIgG1 was separated by gel-filtration through Sephadex G-75, and the molecular weights of the largest fragments, Ren I and Pep I, were both found to be 115, 000 by SDS-polyacrylamide gel-electrophoresis, showing a very similar electrophoretic pattern. Ren I and Pep I contained 5.8 and 5.5 moles of hexose per mole of fragment, respectively. Using rabbit antisera to Ren I and Pep I, the two fragments were shown to be antigenically identical, being probably F (ab')2.View full abstractDownload PDF (2036K) -
Yasutaka KUMANO, Yoshitaka KANAMARU, Ryoya NIKI, Shunrokuro ARIMA1976 Volume 47 Issue 9 Pages 551-556
Published: September 25, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe fate of colostral IgG in calves was investigated by means of immunodiffusion and immunoelectrophoresis, and following results were obtained. 1. IgG1 was predominant in colostrum and it was found in a considerable amount in calf blood after ingestion of colostrum, while IgG2 was negligible. 2. In calf feces were found intact IgG and its F(ab')2 fragments which were not detected in colostrum and calf blood. It was assumed that IgG1 was partly digested in gut of calves and the resulting fragment F(ab')2 was excreted without absorption.View full abstractDownload PDF (2219K) -
Hiroshi SATO, Takeru KOBAYASHI, Hiroaki SHISHIDO, Tatsuo TOMABECHI1976 Volume 47 Issue 9 Pages 557-559
Published: September 25, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn the ruminant, blood glucose levels in young animals are higher than those of mature animals and these levels fall to adult value usually within 3 months of age1). It has been known that the blood glucose levels were affected by the methods of weaning2) and by the diets given3.4). But the glucose levels in whole blood are considerably different from those in plasma5), and the relationship between the TDN content of the diets and whole blood or plasma glucose levels has not been clarified enough in young calves.
In the present experiment, two concentrate diets containing 75% and 65% TDN were given to calves to determine the effect of different TDN levels of the diet on plasma glucose levels.View full abstractDownload PDF (155K)
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