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Volume 48, Issue 1
Displaying 1-8 of 8 articles from this issue
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Masaru NOKATA, Hideo YANO, Ryoji KAWASHIMA1977 Volume 48 Issue 1 Pages 1-7
Published: January 25, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: August 05, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis experiment was conducted to determine the effects of acidosis on mineral metabolism in sheep. Three sheep fitted with rumen fistula were given successively seven different rations of the following concentrate to roughage ratio; 4: 6, 5: 5, 6: 4, 7: 3, 8: 2, 9: 1, each for two days, and finally 10: 0 for five days. The concentrate ration was consisted of ground corn, 95% and fish meal, 5%. Anorexia, diarrhea and tachypnea were found in each sheep from three or four days after the 10: 0 ration was given. The blood pH and the blood ratio of HCO3 -/H2CO3 lowered significantly (P<.05) when the 10: 0 ration was fed. It was considered from these symptoms that acidosis would be induced by abruptly increasing the concentrate to roughage ratio. The phosphorus in rumen fluid, blood plasma and urine and as well as rumen sodium all tended to rise as the concentrate to roughage ratio was increased. The blood pH was inversely correlated with phosphorus in rumen (r=-0.596, P<.01) and with rumen sodium (r=-0.787, P<.01). These results might reflect increased salivary secretion of phosphorus and sodium. With the elevation of concentrate to roughage ratio, the urine phosphorus excretion tended to increase. The blood pH had negative associations with plasma phosphorus (r=-0.532, P<.05) and urine phosphorus (r=-0.612, P<.01). The plasma phosphorus concentration and the urine phosphorus excretion seemed to increase when acidosis was induced by giving a high concentrate ration.View full abstractDownload PDF (399K) -
Tetsuo MORITA, Masaru NOKATA, Hideo YANO, Ryoji KAWASHIMA1977 Volume 48 Issue 1 Pages 8-12
Published: January 25, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: August 05, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn the first trial, the changes of lactic acid and mineral concentrations in blood plasma were hourly examined after the single intravenous injection of sodium lactate. The effects of sodium lactate injection for 6 days on mineral metabolism were studied in the second trial. A solution of sodium lactate, DL racemic type, was injected into the jugular vein at the level of 600mg per head daily. The pH value of this solution was 6.8. In trial 1, the lactic acid concentration in blood plasma increased 15min after the injection, but decreased at 30min to the original level. In trial 2, the plasma calcium and magnesium tended to be lower in the injection period than in the control. The urine calcium excretion was substantially decreased (P<.01) and the urine phosphorus significantly increased (P<.01) by the intravenous injection of sodium lactate. It was suggested from these results that there might be a close relationship between the metabolism of lactate, and the increase in urine phosphorus and the decrease in urine calcium excretion.View full abstractDownload PDF (268K) -
Soonchang Ro, Kyoji KONDO1977 Volume 48 Issue 1 Pages 13-21
Published: January 25, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: August 05, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe sexually undifferentiated gonads of most birds exhibit bisexual organization, irrespective of their sex. The quail gonads are no exception to the rule. Histologically, the gonads of embryo contain two distinct components, the medulla and the cortex. Whether it will develop to ovary or testis is dependent upon the fact which one of cortex or medulla acts as dominance according to the genetic sex. Certain properties of quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) are proving to be a valuable animal for avian research. Therefore the authors tried to study the sex differentiation in quail using estrogen administrating technique. The sex linked marker gene, sw, was appointed for the determination of genetic sex of embryos. Single injection of 0.01mg estradiol benzoate was given between zero (before incubation) and eight days stage of incubation. And all embryos living till sixteen days of incubation were sacrificed and examined directly with the naked eye, and under the dissecting microscope, and the histological observations were carried out in questionable gonads. The most extreme change in the gonads was occurred at four days stage, and after the stage the changes were decreased. Consequently, four days stage is the most sensitive period to estrogen treatment, almost one day earlier than the chick. The development of oviduct in male quail by estrogen treatment did not run parallel with the gonadal changes, while the parallelism was shown in chicks.View full abstractDownload PDF (606K) -
Eimei SATO, Takehiko ISHIBASHI1977 Volume 48 Issue 1 Pages 22-26
Published: January 25, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: August 05, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPorcine oocytes isolated from ovarian follicles resumed meiosis in vitro. But resumption of meiosis beyond dictyate stage was prevented by adhesion of oocytes to the granulosa cells layer, and was not prevented by follicular fluid collected from medium sized follicles. Meiotic arresting action of the granulosa cell layer emerged only in the form of adhesion to oocytes. This suggested that meiotic arresting factor is localized on the surface of the cells. Granulosa cells isolated from medium-sized (2-5mm) follicles were incubated with 10mM Tris buffer containing 1M urea and 5mM EDTA (pH 8.3) at 37C for 30min. The substance obtained from cell surface was resolved into two peaks on column chromatography of Sephadex G-25 and the meiotic arresting factor was found in the second peak. Resumption of meiosis of cultivated oocytes was inhibited significantly in the media containing 100μg/ml of lyophilized substance of the second peak. The chemical nature of this factor is still obscure.View full abstractDownload PDF (305K) -
Formation of Peroxide and Its Effects on ChicksAkihiro TAKIGAWA, Hiroshi DANBARA, Yoshinobu OHYAMA1977 Volume 48 Issue 1 Pages 27-33
Published: January 25, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: August 05, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTwo feeding experiments with chicks were carried out using gamma ray irradiated diets. In Experiment I, corn was irradiated at the levels of 3 and 6M rad prior to mixing with other ingredients. In Experiment II, the whole diet containing 65% corn was irradiated at the levels of 0.6, 3 and 6M rad. Peroxides and carbonyl compounds were formed with increasing dose levels, but the amount of peroxide in the corn was much smaller than that in the irradiated soybean oil reported in the previous study. No marked difference was observed in feed consumption and feed efficiency between control and irradiated diets. In Exp. I, the decreases in digestibility of crude protein and in metabolizable energy content were observed. In Exp. II, hemolysis of chicks developed with irradiation to the diet and encephalomalacia was observed in 4 chicks out of 6 which were fed 6M rad irradiated diet and all the chicks died within a day or two after showing the symptom of encephalomalacia. It is considered that most serious change with irradiation to the diets containing mainly corn is the destruction of vitamin E.View full abstractDownload PDF (413K) -
Toshiyasu OGASAWARA, Osamu KOGA1977 Volume 48 Issue 1 Pages 34-37
Published: January 25, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: August 05, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSurface structures of the soft-shelled eggs which were prematurely oviposited by placing a thread in the uterus (shell gland) or intrauterine injection of phosphate solution were examined with a scanning electron microscope. The soft-shelled eggs obtained from the hens with a uterine irritant were rough in the shape of crystalline structures arranging irregularly on the surface of the shell membrane. Crystallization was also abnormal in the eggs prematurely oviposited by the intrauterine injection of phosphate solution into the uterine lumen. These observations suggest that these premature ovipositions are related in part to the disturbance of shell deposition mechanism.View full abstractDownload PDF (1033K) -
Hisashi HIDARI1977 Volume 48 Issue 1 Pages 38-46
Published: January 25, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: August 05, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAn attempt was made to investigate the relationship between the diurnal changes of volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentration in the rumen and the eating pattern of sheep fed in free access. Three sheep were alloted long hay or concentrate mixture, their feeding behaviour being recorded automatically. Their rumen content was sampled 24 times a day to study diurnal variation of rumen VFA concentration. The diurnal variation of rumen VFA concentration ranged from 8.5±0.9 to 13.8±1.7mmol/dl(M±SD) in a day on the average in the sheep fed hay ad lib. During the hay feeding period, the rumen VFA concentration increased gradually from the time feed was offered until arrival at a gentle peak. This took 900±75min after the feed was offered and 225±38 min from the arrival at the final satiety state. As the level of rumen VFA at the beginning of eating behaviour rose, the length of the individual eating period decreased in the sheep fed hay in free access. On the concentrate mixture ad lib., sheep showed a range of rumen VFA concentration from 6.8±0.4 to 11.2±1.1mmol/dl during a day on the average. Two weeks after changing the feed from hay to concentrate ad lib. a similar pattern of diurnal changes in the VFA concentration as when on hay was shown. In the cases of both hay and concentrate, the diurnal variation of rumen VFA of the sheep fed in free access was less and slower than those adapted to access to feed for a restricted period.View full abstractDownload PDF (449K) -
Toshiyasu OGASAWARA, Osamu KOGA1977 Volume 48 Issue 1 Pages 47-49
Published: January 25, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: August 05, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSArginine vasotocin has an activity for the contraction of the hen's uterus (shell gland)1, 2), and its contents in the posterior lobe of pituitary decrease3) while the contents in the blood increase4-7) during normal oviposition.
Premature oviposition is induced by placing a thread in the wall of the uterus8-11) or by intrauterine injection of phosphate solution12). It is assumed that the premature oviposition may be related to an inhibition of shell calcification and to a sudden increase of phosphate levels in the uterine fluid11-13). However, it is unknown whether the premature oviposition is mediated by the release of vasotocin from the pituitary.
The present study was designed to investigate the change in the vasotocin activity in the blood during normal and premature ovipositions.View full abstractDownload PDF (150K)
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