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Volume 48, Issue 5
Displaying 1-8 of 8 articles from this issue
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Masanori KOMATSU, Tsuneo ABE, Takao OISHI1977 Volume 48 Issue 5 Pages 237-242
Published: May 25, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSRelationships between β-lactoglobulin (β-Lg) types and the concentrations of β-Lg and α-lactalbumin (α-La) were investigated in milk from eight cattle breeds. The β-Lg and α-La concentratians were measured by the single radial immunadiffusion technique. In all the breeds, it was observed that the mean level of β-Lg concentration was the highest in the β-Lg A/A genotype, intermediate in the A/B genotype and the lowest in the B/B genotype.The mean effects of β-Lg genes for β-Lg concentration were estimated by the method of least squares. The ratio of gene effects of β-LgA to β-LgB (β-LgA/β-LgB)was approximately 1.5. On the other hand, no relations were found between β-Lg genotypes and α-La concentration, and between β-Lg and α-La concentration in individual milk samples. Breed differences were found in β-Lg concentrations estimated from the mean effects of β-Lg genes and the gene frequencies, and in the average concentration of α-La in each breed. The estimated β-Lg concentrations were as follows; Jersey: 0.50%; Japanese Brown: 0.46%; Japanese Polled: 0.43%; Japanese Black: 0.41%; Guernsey: 0.38%; Hereford: 0.36%; Holstein: 0.35%; Japanese Shorthorn: 0.35%. The average α-La concentrations were as follows; Jersey: 0.15%; Japanese Brown: 0.14%; Japanese Polled: 0.10%; Japanese Black: 0.14%; Guemsey: 0.10%; Hereford: 0.13%; Holstein: 0.11%; and Japanese Shorthorn; 0.12%. These results suggest that the concentration of β-Lg in cattle milk is controlled by β-Lg genes, independey from the regulation of the α-La concentration.View full abstractDownload PDF (465K) -
Minoru ITOH1977 Volume 48 Issue 5 Pages 243-249
Published: May 25, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe property and magnitude of experimental error of digestibility is one of the most important factors in planning an experiment, considering and applying the results of experiment to the technical systems. In this paper, some of properties and magnitude of the error variance of digestibility were estimated and discussed. The magnitude of the error of digestibility decreased theoretically in proportion to the value of digestibility increased. However, the measured error variance can be considered as constant in the range of practical digestibility. The error variance of digestibility can be divided into two important portions-error due to biological variation among individual cattle (σ2p) and error due to chemical analysis of feces (σ2a)-by the hierarchal classifications. The magnitude of σ2p was ten times as large as σ2a. It suggested that in order to measure the digestibility with high accuracy, it is more effective to increase the number of cattle used than to increase the repeability of chemical analysis of feces. Considering the cost of experiment, however, it may be economical to measure the chemical components in feces with high accuracy. The magnitude of σ2p with cattle was almost equal to σ2p with sheep or chicks. The error of TDN/DM (%) was almost equal to the error of digestibility of DM or OM.It can be given explanation theoretically by the equation to be used in calculation of TDN and NFE. In other wards, TDN can be calculated numerically from the value of digestible organic matter and digestible ether extract or from the value of digestible dry matter, digestible ether extract and digestible crude ash, Confident interval at 95% level of digestibility (%), DCP/DM (%), TDN/DM (%) and DE/DM (Mca1/kg) measured using "N" cattle per ration were computed from the error variances. The error of digestibility of ration ingredient itself, not of the whole ration, shows a value "k" times that of the whole ration. The constant "k" was calculated by the content of ingredient in whole ration.View full abstractDownload PDF (467K) -
Akiyoshi HOSONO, Fumisaburo TOKITA1977 Volume 48 Issue 5 Pages 250-255
Published: May 25, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn the present study, the cell free extracts of 8 strains of dairy lactic acid bacteria, that is, Lactobacillus casei IAM 119, IAM 1045, L. bulgaricus IAM 3523, L. acidophilus ATCC 3205, IAM 1043, Streptococcus lactis IAM 1267, S. faecalis ATCC 10100 and Leu. citrovorum IAM 1087 were tested for their abilities to inhibit growth of Escherichia coli K-12. The cell free extract from each strain cultivated for 24hr was prepared by first suspending 1g of the cells (wet wt.) in 10ml of 0.1M phosphate buffer (pH7.0) and then sonication. The cell free extract obtained was evaluated by means of turbimetric procedure for its inhibitory effect. The preparations from the cells of all lactobacilli tested in this experiment generally inhibited E. coli, while no inhibition of the preparations from S. lactis IAM 1267, S. faecalis ATCC 10100, and Leu. citrovorum IAM 1087 was observed. Significantly strong inhibitory action was observed in the cells of L. acidophilus ATCC 3205 cultivated for 48hr, and growth of E. coli was greatly inhibited when that preparation of L. acidophilusATCC 3205 was added into the medium during the first 4hr of incubation. Characteristic swelling and elongation of cells were also observed in E. coli of which growth was inhibited by the cell free extract of L. acidophilus ATCC 3205. The autolysis of these deformed cells more rapidly proceeded than that of normal cells.View full abstractDownload PDF (984K) -
Soichi TSUJI, Toyokazu FUKUSHIMA1977 Volume 48 Issue 5 Pages 256-262
Published: May 25, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSExperiments were conducted to reveal the effects of the dietary protein levels and fasting, and the administration of thyroxine, 17β-estradiol, testosterone propionate and hydrocortisone acetate on the activity of chick liver and kidney transamidinase (EC 2.1. 4.1.) involved in the biosynthesis of creatine. Two or four weeks old chicks used in these experiments were F1 of a California Gray breed male and While Leghorn B females posessing the heterozygote of variant ornithine transcarbamylase (OTC) gene. These chicks could be divided into the high OTC activity group and the low OTC activity one in the ratio of 1:1. The liver transamidinase activity was markedly repressed by the subcutaneous administration of 1mg of hydrocortisone to the level of the control chicks by the ratio of 1/6. After the single injection of hydrocortisone, the enzyme level decreased to a minimum level, 1/4 of the control level, in 3 days and then gradually recovered the normal level. No effect of hydrocortisone administration was observed at dose level less than 100μg per chick. Hormones other than hydrocortisone had little effects on hepatic or renal transamidinase activity. The experimental diet containing 75% casein, high protein diet, or 5% casein, low protein diet, feeding considerably repressed the liver and the kidney transamidinase activity. Fasting had the most severe effect on the transamidinase activity and lowered the level to 1/20 of that of the control value. In 24 hours of starvation, liver transamidinase activity lowered to 1/2 of the control value and then gradually decreased to the minimum level at 5 days of starvation. Refeeding of the diet to the starved chicks restored the enzyme activity and recovered the enzyme level to the 80% of the control value in 3 days. Marked repression of the liver transamidinase activity was observed with the administration of hydrocortisone and the fasting in accordance with severe inhibition of the growth of chicks. From these results, it has been suggested that there was a relationship between the growth of chicks and the liver transamidinase activity. No difference of the enzyme activity between the OTC-high and the OTC-low chicks in any treatment was observed.View full abstractDownload PDF (514K) -
Akira OKANO, Akira IRITANI, Yoshimasa NISHIKAWA1977 Volume 48 Issue 5 Pages 263-266
Published: May 25, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1. Rabbit seminal plasma was divided into four fractions by Sephadex G-100 column chromatography and these four fractions were analyzed on polyacrylamide gel disc electrophoresis with tris-glycine buffer solution at pH 8.6. Disc electrophoresis of rabbit seminal plasma identified approximately 13 bands on the gel. Each of the fractions, I, II and III fractionated from rabbit seminal plasma, showed 3, 5 and 10 bands on the gel, respectively. 2. Wistar rats were immunized with rabbit seminal plasma accompanied Freund's complete adjuvant. Rabbit seminal plasma appeared more than ten precipitation lines to antiserum on immunoelectrophoresis with veronal buffer solution at pH 8.6. It was suggested from the immunoelectrophoretic patterns between rabbit seminal plasma and immunoabsorbed antiserum that the fraction I fractionated by Sephadex G-100 contained rabbit seminal plasma specific antigens.View full abstractDownload PDF (1343K) -
Takao HORIGOME1977 Volume 48 Issue 5 Pages 267-272
Published: May 25, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSCytoplasmic and chloroplastic proteins were fractionated by a centrifugal procedure from leaves of oats and ladino clover. Cytoplasmic and chloroplastic proteins prepared from leaves of the same crops contained similar amounts of aspartic acid, threonine, glutamic acid, proline, glycine, alanine, valine, methionine, isoleucine and tyrosine, but there were more basic amino acids and less serine, leucine and phenylalanine in cytoplasmic protein than in chloroplastic protein. On the other hand, there was similarity in amino acid composition between cytoplasmic proteins and also between chloroplastic proteins prepared from oats and ladino clover. In both of the crops, cytoplasmic protein was superior to chloroplastic protein in biological value and true digestibility. In addition, the depression of growth was observed in rats fed on chloroplastic protein. It was also shown that cytoplasmic and chloroplastic proteins prepared from oats were superior in biological value to those from ladino clover.View full abstractDownload PDF (356K) -
Hiroshi SHIMIZU, Sanoh UMROD1977 Volume 48 Issue 5 Pages 273-280
Published: May 25, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWhen WOOD's model of lactation curve was fitted to weekly average of daily milk yield through 43 weeks of lactation, some of the estimated lactation curves showed atypical pattern, although the majority was substantially typical. The daily. records of 187 heads of Holstein of the first lactation were used in this study. A mathematical model which aimed to avoid appearance of atypical patterns (Yt=A•tB•e-Ct) was applied. The difference in the number of consecutive days in average showed little effect on the number of atypical lactation curve estimated, although the number of atypical curve estimated for the consecutive 10-day average seemed to be more than for other groups of consecutive day average. A shortening of lactation period for which the model was fitted decreased the number of atypical lactations. As the length of lactation was shortened from 305 days to 180 days or 150 days of daily milk records, the total number of atypical lactation curves decreased from 46 to 9 or 6, and the random error of the estimates for the peak daily milk yield and the time when the milk yield reached the peak became smaller. However, the number of concave curve with negative B and C values increased, as the length was shortened to 120 or 90 days. When using the weekly average of daily milk yield the same trend was also shown. These results indicate that the most appropriate length of lactation to fit WOOD's model was approximately 180 to 150 or shorter days of lactation when using the daily milk record.View full abstractDownload PDF (468K) -
K-S. LEE, I. TASAKI1977 Volume 48 Issue 5 Pages 281-283
Published: May 25, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (236K)
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